Transfer logic gates with electrical and optical inputs for large area electronics

A new type of transfer logic gates with both electrical and/or optical inputs and electrical outputs are proposed, which can be prepared by thin film technology. The possible realization of different logic functions and non-volatile memory logic arrays are demonstrated. The possible application fields are briefly discussed. © 2015 FEI STU

Investigation the connection between the intermediate gamma-ray bursts and X-ray flashes

Gamma-ray bursts can be divided into three groups: short-, intermediate and long-duration bursts. While the progenitors of the short and long ones are relatively known, the progenitor objects of the intermediate-duration bursts are generally unknown, however, recent statistical studies suggest, that they should be related to the long-duration bursts. In this work we investigate whether there is a differ- ence between the global parameters of the X-ray flashes and intermediate-duration group of gamma-ray bursts. The statistical tests do not show any significant discrepancy regarding most of the parameters, except the BAT photon index, which is only a consequence of the defintion of the X-ray flashes.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Astronomische Nachrichte

Direction Dependent Background Fitting for the Fermi GBM Data

We present a method for determining the background of Fermi GBM GRBs using the satellite positional information and a physical model. Since the polynomial fitting method typically used for GRBs is generally only indicative of the background over relatively short timescales, this method is particularly useful in the cases of long GRBs or those which have Autonomous Repoint Request (ARR) and a background with much variability on short timescales. We give a Direction Dependent Background Fitting (DDBF) method for separating the motion effects from the real data and calculate the duration (T90 and T50, as well as confidence intervals) of the nine example bursts, from which two resulted an ARR. We also summarize the features of our method and compare it qualitatively with the official GBM Catalogue. Our background filtering method uses a model based on the physical information of the satellite position. Therefore, it has many advantages compared to previous methods. It can fit long background intervals, remove all the features caused by the rocking behaviour of the satellite, and search for long emissions or not-triggered events. Furthermore, many part of the fitting have now been automatised, and the method have been shown to work for both Sky Survey mode and ARR mode data. Future work will provide a burst catalogue with DDBF.Comment: 16 pages, 28 figure

Retention Behaviour of MNOS Memory Devices with Embedded Si or Ge Nanocrystals – Computer Simulation

The charge retention behaviour of MNOS structures with embedded Si or Ge nanocrystals are studied by computer simulation. It is obtained that the oxide thickness and the location of nanocrystlas affect the retention behaviour very strongly. The retention time changes from a few ms to several years. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3538

Iron silicide nanostructures prepared by e-gun evaporation and annealing on Si(001)

Iron silicide nanostructures were grown on Si(001) by strain-induced, self-assembly method. E-gun evaporated iron particles were deposited both onto room temperature and high temperature Si substrates, and were further annealed in situ. The initial Fe thickness was in the 0.1-6 nm range and the annealing temperatures varied between 500 and 850°C. The phases and structures formed were characterized by reflection high energy electron diffraction and by scanning electron microscopy. The electrical characteristics were investigated by I-V and C-V measurements, and by deep level transient spectroscopy. The size distributions of the formed iron silicide nanostructures were not homogeneous but, were oriented in perpendicular directions on Si(001). Higher temperature annealing resulted in increased particles size and faceting. Electrical characteristics showed critical defect concentration related to Fe

Use of a recombinant pseudorabies virus to analyze motor cortical reorganization after unilateral facial denervation

A unilateral facial nerve injury (n7x) was found to influence the transcallosal spread of the attenuated strain of pseudorabies virus (PRV Bartha) from the affected (left) primary motor cortex (MI) to the contralateral MI of rats. We used Ba-DupLac, a recombinant PRV strain, for the tracing experiments since this virus was demonstrated to exhibit much more restricted transportation kinetics than that of PRV Bartha, and is therefore more suitable for studies of neuronal plasticity. Ba-Duplac injection primarily infected several neurons around the penetration channel, but hardly any transcallosally infected neurons were observed in the contraleral MI. In contrast, after right facial nerve injury, Ba-DupLac was transported from the primarily infected neurons in the left MI to the contralateral side, and resulted in the labeling of several neurons due to a transneuronal infection. These results reveal that a peripheral nerve injury induces changes in the Ba-DupLac infection pattern in the related cortical areas. These findings and the literature data suggest that this phenomenon may be related to the changes in the expression or to the redistribution of cell-adhesion molecules, which are known to facilitate the entrance and/or transmission of PRV into neurons

Törtrendű deriváltak integrálása nemlineáris rendszerek új lágy számítási eljárásokon alapuló adaptív szabályozásával = Integration of Fractional Order Derivatives in the Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems on the Basis of Novel Soft Computing Techniques

A projektben speciális, "Single Input - Single Output" rendszerekre hasonló háromszögeken alapuló adaptív fixpont transzformációs szabályozót dolgoztunk ki és alkalmaztunk nemlineáris paradigmákra (Ball-Beam System, polimerizációs reakció, hidraulikus munkahenger). A következő lépés e módszer robusztus változatának kidolgozása, majd "Multiple Input - Multiple Output" rendszerekre való kétféle általánosítása volt. A frakcionális deriváltak Caputo féle alakjából numerikus közelítéssel bevezettük a frakcionális derivált három paraméteres változatát és a "kezdeti érték" helyett a "kezdeti történet" fogalmát. Megmutattuk, hogy ez disszipatív és gerjedő rendszerek modellezésére is alkalmas. E deriváltat felhasználtuk egész rendű rendszerek szabályozásának javítására és hipotetikus frakcionális rendszerek modellezésére. Kimutattuk, hogy az általunk javasolt adaptív szabályozó e rendszerekre nehézség nélkül alkalmazható. Adaptív szabályozásunkat különféle egész és törtrendű rendszerek szabályozására alkalmaztuk szimulációval. Széles körű szimulációs vizsgálatokkal kimutattuk a legtipikusabb, Lyapunov függvényt használó adaptív módszerek hiányosságait. Végül ezek kiküszöbölésére kidolgoztuk a "Model Reference Adaptive Control" szabályozók új változatát, amely Lyapunov direkt módszere helyett robusztus fixpont transzformációval működik. | In the project special adaptive controllers were proposed for "Single Input - Single Output" systems. It applies similar triangles for formulating the control law. It was successfully applied for nonlinear paradigms as the Ball-Beam System, a polymerization reaction, and a hydraulic cylinder. In the next step the robust version of this method was elaborated, it was generalized for "Multiple Input - Multiple Output" systems in two different ways. Via numerically approximating Caputo's definition of fractional order (FO) systems a three parameters, finite memory generalization of the FO derivatives was proposed with the concept of the "preceding history" instaed of the "initial conditions". It was shown that it can be used for modeling stable dissipative and unstable systems, too. The new fractional derivative was utilized for improving the adaptive control elaborated for integer order systems, and for modeling the fractional order systems. It was shown that the fixed point transformations based control can easily be applied for the adaptive control of such hypothetical systems. Our method was applied for various integer and fractional order systems via simulations. The most important deficiencies of the most popular adaptive methods using Lyapunov's direct method were pointed out. To eliminate these deficiencies a novel approach was elaborated for the "Model Reference Adaptive Control" in which Lyapunov's method is replaced by robust fixed point transformation

Az európai polgári eljárásjog alapintézményei = Fundamental Institutions of the European Civil Procedure

A négyéves kutatás legfontosabb eredménye - a pályázatban vállalt célkitűzésének megfelelően - az európai polgári eljárásjog alkalmazásához, oktatásához és kutatásához szükséges tudományos háttér megteremtése volt. Az európai polgári eljárásjog az Európai Unió tagállamaiban egységesen vagy harmonizáltan alkalmazott nemzetközi polgári eljárásjogi szabályok összessége. Magyarországnak az Európai Unióhoz történő csatlakozásától kezdve -átmeneti időszak nélkül - alkalmaznia kell ezeket a szabályokat, amelyek mint közösségi jogi normák elsőbbséget élveznek a nemzeti joghoz képest. A kutatás eredményeképpen született tanulmányok, tankönyvrészletek és tankönyvek feltárják a közösségi jog és a nemzeti jog viszonyát, magyarázatot és utmutatást adva a jogalkalmazók számára. A kutatómunka eredményeként lehetővé vált az európai polgári eljárásjog oktatásának a megkezdése az egyetemi jogász alapképzésben, a posztgraduális képzésben, valamint a bírósági fogalmazók képzésében is. A témavezető közreműködésével megalakult az első önálló tanszék a tántárgy oktatására és kutatására A témavezető társszerzője az "Európai polgári eljárásjog" címmel az Osiris Kiadónál 2006-ban megjelenő hatszáz oldalas tankönyvnek és a 2007-től indítani tervezett háromkötetes kommentárnak. Mindkét mű a téma külföldi jogirodalmának kimerítő feldolgozására, valamint az Európai Bíróság gyakorlatának a bemutatására irányul. | The most important result of the four-year research - keeping the engagement according to aims set in the application, - was the establishment of a scientific background of the application, teaching and researching of European civil procedure law. European civil procedure law means the entirety of the international civil procedure rules, that are applied unified or harmonized in the Member States of the European Union. As the result of the research work became possible the beginning of the teaching of European civil procedure law for the law students in the basic training, in the frame of postgraduate studies, and the training of court clerks. The first independent departure for teaching and researching European civil procedure law was established under the contribution of the leading researcher of this project. The leading researcher of the project is co-author of the textbook of six hundred pages entitled "European civil procedure law", that will be published by the Osiris Publisher in 2006 and also of the commentary in three volumes, that is planned to start in 2007. Both works are directed to the comprehensive elaboration of the literature from abroad of this topic and the presentation of the sentencing on the European Court of Justice