Many paths to skilled employment : a reverse tracer study of eight occupations in Colombia

The authors use the reverse tracer study technique to identify alternative training paths for selected skilled and semi-skilled occupations in Colombia. The study, confirming earlier research for the United States, shows that workers pursue many different training paths to acquire the skills they need in a given occupation. The authors provide an occupational training map format to analyze these training paths. They conclude that strong public intervention that narrows the effective range of available training should be discouraged; such intervention will not only reduce choices but will also lead to a less flexible and efficient training system. A reduction in training alternatives is the result of the manpower requirements forecasting approach to planning for the provision of national vocational education and training - yet that approach is still popular in the planning ministries in developing countries. The more training options available to workers, the better they can arrange their own training packages.Tertiary Education,Teaching and Learning,Primary Education,Labor Standards,ICT Policy and Strategies

Determining Income Eligibility in Children's Health Coverage Programs: How States Use Disregards in Children's Medicaid and SCHIP

Outlines how and why states disregard or deduct certain earnings and expenses in determining eligibility for Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program to help cover low-income working families. Summarizes a survey of state policies

Investigation on chromatic aberrations and its potential for application in depth measurement

Chromatic aberrations are mostly supressed in typical industrial lenses to ensure a well-defined colour image. Beside the main wavelengths which are recognizable for the human eye, multispectral cameras can sample with a more detailed chromatic (spectral) resolution. This leads to a partial wavelength depended unsharpness in the images. If the imaging system can be well defined out of these imperfections, a depth information can be calculated. In this paper the theoretical model as well as a method for the 3D-reconstruction out of different colour (spectral) channels will be discussed

Investigations on the potential application of machine vision lenses for depth measurement by exploiting chromatic aberrations

Chromatic (spectral) aberrations are image imperfections that are disadvantageous for standard image processing tasks and are typically compensated through the application of different types of glass during lens design. The longitudinal chromatic aberration causes a relative unsharpness over different spectral channels. Since this error is corrected in most multi-chromatic lenses, this paper investigates to which extent the shift of the focal planes in a standard lens can be used specifically for image processing applications. Theoretical investigations of the longitudinal chromatic aberration are carried out. Based on this, conditions and a method to generate a 3D depth reconstruction out of different spectral channels are presented

The Lantern Vol. 33, No. 2, May 1967

• The Plea • Arrival • Nouvelle • Poem on Theme by Leroi Jones • Night Thoughts • Finals • Caught in the Act • Tomorrow • The Rail • The Price • Lost • It\u27s a Svaden Spring • No Thanks to City Hall • Grinding Them to Dust • Four • Five • Nine • Ten • Twelve • Thirty-Six • Psyched Up and Out • Gutted Gloryhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1091/thumbnail.jp

Homology-Dependent Silencing by an Exogenous Sequence in the Drosophila Germline

The study of P transposable element repression in Drosophila melanogaster led to the discovery of the trans-silencing effect (TSE), a homology-dependent repression mechanism by which a P-transgene inserted in subtelomeric heterochromatin (Telomeric Associated Sequences) represses in trans, in the female germline, a homologous P-lacZ transgene inserted in euchromatin. TSE shows variegation in ovaries and displays a maternal effect as well as epigenetic transmission through meiosis. In addition, TSE is highly sensitive to mutations affecting heterochromatin components (including HP1) and the Piwi-interacting RNA silencing pathway (piRNA), a homology-dependent silencing mechanism that functions in the germline. TSE appears thus to involve the piRNA-based silencing proposed to play a major role in P repression. Under this hypothesis, TSE may also be established when homology between the telomeric and target loci involves sequences other than P elements, including sequences exogenous to the D. melanogaster genome. We have tested whether TSE can be induced via lacZ sequence homology. We generated a piggyBac-otu-lacZ transgene in which lacZ is under the control of the germline ovarian tumor promoter, resulting in strong expression in nurse cells and the oocyte. We show that all piggyBac-otu-lacZ transgene insertions are strongly repressed by maternally inherited telomeric P-lacZ transgenes. This repression shows variegation between egg chambers when it is incomplete and presents a maternal effect, two of the signatures of TSE. Finally, this repression is sensitive to mutations affecting aubergine, a key player of the piRNA pathway. These data show that TSE can occur when silencer and target loci share solely a sequence exogenous to the D. melanogaster genome. This functionally supports the hypothesis that TSE represents a general repression mechanism which can be co-opted by new transposable elements to regulate their activity after a transfer to the D. melanogaster genome

The role of a trauma-sensitive football group in the recovery of survivors of torture

Introduction: Whilst there is some preliminary evidence for the benefits of sports-related interventions for survivors of torture, there remains a need to understand better how sport and exercise can contribute to the rehabilitation of torture survivors. Specifically, this paper aims to: 1) explore the ways in which a football group contributed to the wellbeing of participants; and 2) suggest characteristics of the football group which could potentially contribute to its effectiveness. Method: We undertook an exploratory mixed methods study with participants and trainers of a joint programme delivered by Arsenal Football Club (London) and Freedom from Torture. We conducted individual and group discussions plus participatory ranking activities which led to the development of an initial programme model. This model was subsequently further developed through a variety of data collection methods . Results: Six potential outcomes of involvement in the football group were identified, some of which were inter-related: relationships; sense of belonging; hope for the future; emotion management; enjoyment; and improved physical health. In addition, the process highlighted factors contributing to the effectiveness of the football group: sense of safety; therapeutic aims; similar participants; partnership approach; staff characteristics; other opportunities; consistency. Conclusions: Our exploratory study suggests potential benefits from the programme that would require validation through a case-control study plus follow-up of participants. Nevertheless, we offer a model of understanding and some recommendations that can be a starting point for similar programmes and academic research in the area.http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v29i1.10661329pubpub

Methodology and reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies of automated perimetry in glaucoma: evaluation using a standardised approach

Purpose: To evaluate methodological and reporting quality of diagnostic accuracy studies of perimetry in glaucoma and to determine whether there had been any improvement since the publication of the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) guidelines. Methods: A systematic review of English language articles published between 1993 and 2013 reporting the diagnostic accuracy of perimetry in glaucoma. Articles were appraised for methodological quality using the 14-item Quality assessment tool for diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS) and evaluated for quality of reporting by applying the STARD checklist. Results: Fifty-eight articles were appraised. Overall methodological quality of these studies was moderate with a median number of QUADAS items rated as ‘yes’ equal to 9 (out of a maximum of 14) (IQR 7-10). The studies were often poorly reported; median score of STARD items fully reported was 11 out of 25 (IQR 10-14). A comparison of the studies published in 10-year periods before and after the publication of the STARD checklist in 2003 found quality of reporting had not substantially improved. Conclusions: Methodological and reporting quality of diagnostic accuracy studies of perimetry is sub-optimal and appears not to have improved substantially following the development of the STARD reporting guidance. This observation is consistent with previous studies in ophthalmology and in other medical specialities