430 research outputs found
Can Birds Perceive Rhythmic Patterns? A Review and Experiments on a Songbird and a Parrot Species
Article / Letter to editorInstituut Biologie Leide
Haptics for the development of fundamental rhythm skills, including multi-limb coordination
This chapter considers the use of haptics for learning fundamental rhythm skills, including skills that depend on multi-limb coordination. Different sensory modalities have different strengths and weaknesses for the development of skills related to rhythm. For example, vision has low temporal resolution and performs poorly for tracking rhythms in real-time, whereas hearing is highly accurate. However, in the case of multi-limbed rhythms, neither hearing nor sight are particularly well suited to communicating exactly which limb does what and when, or how the limbs coordinate. By contrast, haptics can work especially well in this area, by applying haptic signals independently to each limb. We review relevant theories, including embodied interaction and biological entrainment. We present a range of applications of the Haptic Bracelets, which are computer-controlled wireless vibrotactile devices, one attached to each wrist and ankle. Haptic pulses are used to guide users in playing rhythmic patterns that require multi-limb coordination. One immediate aim of the system is to support the development of practical rhythm skills and multi-limb coordination. A longer-term goal is to aid the development of a wider range of fundamental rhythm skills including recognising, identifying, memorising, retaining, analysing, reproducing, coordinating, modifying and creating rhythms – particularly multi-stream (i.e. polyphonic) rhythmic sequences. Empirical results are presented. We reflect on related work, and discuss design issues for using haptics to support rhythm skills. Skills of this kind are essential not just to drummers and percussionists but also to keyboards players, and more generally to all musicians who need a firm grasp of rhythm
Probing Attentive and Preattentive Emergent Meter in Adult Listeners without Extensive Music Training
Designing Games with a Purpose for Data Collection in Music Research. Emotify and Hooked:Two Case Studies
Comprehensive lipidomic analysis of human plasma using multidimensional liquid- and gas-phase separations: Two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry <i>vs</i>. liquid chromatography-trapped-ion-mobility-mass spectrometry
Microtiming patterns and interactions with musical properties in Samba music
In this study, we focus on the interaction between microtiming patterns and several musical properties: intensity, meter and spectral characteristics. The data-set of 106 musical audio excerpts is processed by means of an auditory model and then divided into several spectral regions and metric levels. The resulting segments are described in terms of their musical properties, over which patterns of peak positions and their intensities are sought. A clustering algorithm is used to systematize the process of pattern detection. The results confirm previously reported anticipations of the third and fourth semiquavers in a beat. We also argue that these patterns of microtiming deviations interact with different profiles of intensities that change according to the metrical structure and spectral characteristics. In particular, we suggest two new findings: (i) a small delay of microtiming positions at the lower end of the spectrum on the first semiquaver of each beat and (ii) systematic forms of accelerando and ritardando at a microtiming level covering two-beat and four-beat phrases. The results demonstrate the importance of multidimensional interactions with timing aspects of music. However, more research is needed in order to find proper representations for rhythm and microtiming aspects in such contexts
The long-term evolution of the atmosphere of Venus: processes and feedback mechanisms
In this chapter, we focus on the long-term evolution of the atmosphere of
Venus, and how it has been affected by interior/exterior cycles. The formation
and evolution of Venus's atmosphere, leading to the present-day surface
conditions, remain hotly debated and involve questions that tie into many
disciplines. Here, we explore the mechanisms that shaped the evolution of the
atmosphere, starting with the volatile sources and sinks. Going from the deep
interior to the top of the atmosphere, we describe fundamental processes such
as volcanic outgassing, surface-atmosphere interactions, and atmosphere escape.
Furthermore, we address more complex aspects of the history of Venus, including
the role of meteoritic impacts, how magnetic field generation is tied into
long-term evolution, and the implications of feedback cycles for atmospheric
evolution. Finally, we highlight three plausible end-member evolutionary
pathways that Venus might have followed, from the accretion to its present-day
state, based on current modeling and observations. In a first scenario, the
planet was desiccated early-on, during the magma ocean phase, by atmospheric
escape. In a second scenario, Venus could have harbored surface liquid water
for long periods of time, until its temperate climate was destabilized and it
entered a runaway greenhouse phase. In a third scenario, Venus's inefficient
outgassing could have kept water inside the planet, where hydrogen was trapped
in the core and the mantle was oxidized. We discuss existing evidence and
future observations/missions needed to refine our understanding of the planet's
history and of the complex feedback cycles between the interior, surface, and
atmosphere that operate in the past, present or future of Venus
Clinical and Pathological Findings in SARS-CoV-2 Disease Outbreaks in Farmed Mink (Neovison vison)
SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, caused respiratory disease outbreaks with increased mortality in 4 mink farms in the Netherlands. The most striking postmortem finding was an acute interstitial pneumonia, which was found in nearly all examined mink that died at the peak of the outbreaks. Acute alveolar damage was a consistent histopathological finding in mink that died with pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 infections were confirmed by detection of viral RNA in throat swabs and by immunohistochemical detection of viral antigen in nasal conchae, trachea, and lung. Clinically, the outbreaks lasted for about 4 weeks but some animals were still polymerase chain reaction–positive for SARS-CoV-2 in throat swabs after clinical signs had disappeared. This is the first report of the clinical and pathological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in mink farms
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