Education for public service - Challenge to the universities

University programs for public service educatio

An estimation of long endurance power supply system for a rotary wing unmanned aerial vehicle

The vast applications of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) have made it versatile. However, this battery powered vehicle has a short flight time thereby limiting its performance. Therefore, this paper represents the analysis of two power systems to obtain a better performing system with longer duration. Thus, to obtain a long endurance power system, the regular battery was compared to the tethering mechanism power supplier. The power utilized by the two systems differed, hence, the performance parameters were compared to obtain feasibility of the system. Both the theoretical and experimental parameters were evaluated to estimate the accuracy. The comparative experiments would help to implement better device for the tethering mechanism to increase its efficiency and comprehend its durability

Elaboration of a model of Pavlovian learning and performance: HeiDI

The model elaborated here adapts the influential pooled error term, first described by Allan R. Wagner and his colleague Robert A. Rescorla, to govern the formation of reciprocal associations between any pair of stimuli that are presented on a given trial. In the context of Pavlovian conditioning, these stimuli include various conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. This elaboration enables the model to deal with cue competition phenomena, including the relative validity effect, and evidence implicating separate error terms and attentional processes in association formation. The model also includes a performance rule, which provides a natural basis for (individual) variation in the strength and nature of conditioned behaviors that are observed in Pavlovian conditioning procedures. The new model thereby begins to address theoretical and empirical issues that were apparent when the Rescorla-Wagner model was first described, together with research inspired by the model over ensuing 50 years

Ultrastructural Assessment of Lesion Development in the Collared Rabbit Carotid Artery Model

Cellular reactions associated with the formation of lesions generated in the carotid artery of rabbits fed either normal or high cholesterol diets by the placement of a flexible, silastic collar around the artery, were studied by electron microscopy. Endothelial cells remained as a monolayer throughout lesion development. The endothelial cell surface in both experimental and sham operated carotids, 4 hours and 8 hours after the initiation of the experiments, were covered with platelets and leukocytes. Neutrophils were present until 7 days in the arteries from within the collar of animals maintained on a normal diet, but only to 1 day in the cholesterol-fed animals. Neutrophils were observed within the medial layer. Few monocytes were identified. An intimal lesion had formed after 7 days in both groups of animals. Macrophage-like cells and foam cells were identified in the cholesterol-fed animals. The size of the lesion increased up to 56 days in animals maintained on a high cholesterol diet, but regression occurred after the 14-days sample in those animals on a normal diet. Concurrently a proportion of the smooth muscle cells changed from contractile to synthetic phenotype within the intimal and medial region of the collared artery of both high cholesterol and normocholesterolaemic animals. Lesions did not form in the contralateral, sham operated arteries

Individual differences in the nature of conditioned behavior across a conditioned stimulus: adaptation and application of a model

Pavlovian conditioning procedures produce marked individual differences in the form of conditioned behavior. For example, when rats are given conditioning trials in which the temporary insertion of a lever into an operant chamber (the conditioned stimulus, CS) is paired with the delivery of food (the unconditioned stimulus, US), they exhibit knowledge of the leverfood relationship in different ways. For some rats (known as sign-trackers) interactions with the lever dominate, while for others (goal-trackers) approaching the food well dominates. A formal model of Pavlovian conditioning (HeiDI) attributes such individual differences in behavior to variations in the perceived salience of the CS and US. An application of the model in which the perceived salience of the CS declines (i.e., adapts) across its duration, predicts changes in these individual differences within the presentation of the CS: The sign-tracking bias is predicted to decline and goal-tracking bias is predicted to increase across the presentation of a lever. The accuracy of these predictions was confirmed though analysis of archival data from female and male rats

Analysis of Differences in Knowledge and Attitudes of Bagan Apung Fishermen About Work Safety Before and After Participating in K3 Promoting

Peluang kecelakaan juga dapat ditimbulkan oleh sikap, kemampuan, dan rendahnya informasi Nelayan Bagan Apung tentang keselamatan kerja di laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah ada perbedaan pengetahuan dan sikap Nelayan Bagan Apung tentang keselamatan kerja sebelum dan sesudah mengikuti promosi K3. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi experimental, menggunakan analisis data kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian one group pretest posttest design. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan program komputer SPSS yaitu uji Wilcoxon Signed Test, pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% dan batas kemaknaan P<0,05. Sampel berjumlah 32 yang diambil menggunakan teknik convenience sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan p-value = 0,000 pada pengetahuan nelayan bagan apung dan p-value = 0,00 pada sikap nelayan bagan apung. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat perbedaan pengetahuan dan sikap nelayan bagan apung yang dapat dilihat dari hasil pengetahuan terdapat peningkatan dari perlakuan 1 – perlakuan ke 4 sebanyak 68,75% dan hasil sikap terdapat peningkatan dari perlakuan 1 – perlakuan ke 4 sebanyak 75%. Kesimpulan yang dapat diperoleh yaitu terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada pengetahuan dan sikap nelayan bagan apung. Saran dari penelitian ini yaitu nelayan bagan apung di Kecamatan Kelapa Lima Kota Kupang perlu menerapkan keselamatan kerja dalam proses kerja, khususnya pada penggunaan alat pelindung diri seperti pelampung dan sarung tangan

Recovery Assessment Scale - Domains and Stages (RAS-DS) Manual - Version 2

Manual to guide administration of the Recovery Assessment Scale - Domains and Stages (RAS-DS). The RAS-DS has 38 items or statements for the consumer to rate. It is a Likert scale with 4 rating categories for consumers to select from: “untrue”; “a bit true”; “mostly true” and “completely true”. The items have been divided into 4 recovery domains: Doing Things I Value (functional recovery); Looking Forward (personal recovery); Mastering My Illness (clinical recovery) and Connecting and Belonging (social recovery)

Mobile measurements of black carbon and PM: optimization of techniques and data analysis for pedestrian exposure

The health effects of particulate air pollution and the evaluation of mitigation efforts to address them have been focused in the past on measurements of bulk mass concentrations of aerosol particles (particulate matter or PM) at fixed locations instead of more traffic-related PM such as black carbon (BC). A more appropriate investigation of the spatial and temporal variabilities of these pollutants is necessary to effectively estimate realistic pedestrian exposure. In this work, three novel scientific contributions are presented with an overarching goal of quantifying the influence of environmental factors on the spatial and temporal distributions of BC and PM2.5 (all particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers) in urban areas. Mass concentrations of BC and PM2.5 were obtained with a mobile platform called the “aerosol backpack”. With this tool, strategic mobile measurement field campaigns were conducted at multiple sites in four countries to achieve the scientific objectives of this work. First, a concept was developed to optimize the mobile measurement strategy for obtaining high-quality data for scientific analyses including a traceable way to reconstruct and calculate PM2.5 mass concentrations from an optical particle size spectrometer. Second, an entire investigation was done on the field performance of the most widely-used portable absorption photometer for measuring BC mass concentrations, the AE51. Results show that these instruments are robust and reliable across different environments. Third, a statistical approach based on a Bayesian distributional model was developed and refined to suitably analyze mobile measurement datasets and extract reliable information. Through this model, the differences between the effects of human activities and other environmental factors on BC and PM2.5 have been quantified. These results quantitatively confirm that spatial and temporal characteristics related to human activities have stronger effects on the variability of the BC mass concentration than on the regulated PM2.5 – consequently, having more influence on pedestrian exposure. This study highlights the importance of high data quality for mobile measurements to make them useful in exposure assessment, particularly to pollutants that are highly variable in space. Finally, this study contributes to the growing evidence of the importance of including more traffic-related pollutants to monitor air quality in urban areas and create appropriate mitigation strategies to combat the adverse health effects of air pollution.:Table of Contents Bibliographic Description .................................................................................................. i Bibliografische Beschreibung ........................................................................................... ii 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Black carbon ....................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Mobile measurements ........................................................................................ 5 1.3 Objectives ............................................................................................................... 6 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................. 9 2.1 TROPOS Aerosol backpack ................................................................................... 9 2.1.1 Instrumentation .............................................................................................. 10 2.2 Mobile measurement strategy ........................................................................... 12 2.3 Phase 1 – Pilot studies .......................................................................................... 12 2.3.1 MACE-2015, Manila Philippines (Master thesis) ......................................... 13 2.3.2 Saxony Soot Project 2016, Leipzig and Dresden, Germany .......................... 15 2.4 Phase 2 – Optimization of MM and quality assurance ......................................... 18 2.4.1 CARE-2017, Rome, Italy .............................................................................. 18 2.4.2 Other datasets ................................................................................................. 19 2.5 Phase 3 – Data analysis ......................................................................................... 20 2.5.1 Statistical model: lognormal distributional regression .................................. 21 3. Results and Discussion ............................................................................................... 27 3.1 First publication .................................................................................................... 27 3.1.1 Methodology for high-quality mobile measurement with focus on black carbon and particle mass concentrations ............................................................................ 27 3.2 Second publication ................................................................................................ 45 3.2.1 Performance of microAethalometers: Real-world field intercomparisons from multiple mobile measurement campaigns in different atmospheric environments 45 3.3 Third Publication .................................................................................................. 73 iv 3.3.1 Pedestrian exposure to black carbon and PM2.5 emissions in urban hotspots: New findings using mobile measurement techniques and flexible Bayesian regression models .................................................................................................... 73 4. Summary and Conclusions ....................................................................................... 101 5. Outlook ..................................................................................................................... 107 Appendix ....................................................................................................................... 109 A.1 Publications included in the Doctoral Thesis and Author’s contributions ......... 109 A.2 Other Publications as First Author and Co-author during PhD ......................... 111 A.3 PhD Committee .................................................................................................. 113 A.4 Supervision Committee ...................................................................................... 114 List of Figures ............................................................................................................... 115 List of Tables ................................................................................................................ 116 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................ 117 Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 119 Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................ 129Die gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen der Luftverschmutzung durch Feinstaub und die Bewertung von Maßnahmen zu ihrer Eindämmung konzentrierten sich bisher auf Messungen der Massenkonzentration von Aerosolpartikeln (PM; Particulate Matter) an festen Standorten und nicht auf verkehrsbedingte Aerosolpartikel wie z. B. Ruß (BC; Black Carbon). Eine zielgerichtete Untersuchung der räumlichen und zeitlichen Variabilität dieser Schadstoffe ist notwendig, um die realistische Exposition von Fußgängern effektiv abzuschätzen. In dieser Arbeit werden drei neue wissenschaftliche Ansätze mit dem übergreifenden Ziel vorgestellt, den Einfluss von Umweltfaktoren auf die räumliche und zeitliche Verteilung von BC und PM2,5 in städtischen Gebieten zu quantifizieren. Die Massenkonzentrationen von BC und PM2,5 (alle Partikel kleiner 2,5 Mikrometer) wurden mit einer mobilen Plattform, dem Aerosol-Rucksack, gemessen. Damit wurden strategische mobile Messkampagnen an mehreren Standorten in verschiedenen Ländern durchgeführt, um die wissenschaftlichen Ziele dieser Arbeit zu erreichen. Dazu wurde zunächst ein Konzept zur Optimierung der mobilen Messstrategie entwickelt, um qualitativ hochwertige Daten für wissenschaftliche Analysen zu erhalten, einschließlich einer nachvollziehbaren Methode zur Rekonstruktion und Berechnung von PM2.5-Massekonzentrationen aus Messungen mit einem optischen Partikelgrößenspektrometer. Zweitens wurde die Leistungsfähigkeit der am häufigsten verwendeten tragbaren Absorptionsphotometers zur Messung der BCMassekonzentration unter realistischen Bedingungen untersucht. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die verwendeten Geräte in den unterschiedlichsten Umgebungen robust und zuverlässig einsetzbar sind. Drittens wurde ein statistischer Ansatz entwickelt und angepasst, um mobile Messdatensätze in geeigneter Weise zu analysieren und weitere nützliche Informationen zu gewinnen. Mithilfe dieses Modells wurden die Unterschiede zwischen den Auswirkungen menschlicher Aktivitäten und anderer Umweltfaktoren auf BC und PM2,5 quantifiziert. Diese Ergebnisse bestätigen quantitativ, dass räumliche und zeitliche Merkmale im Zusammenhang mit menschlichen Aktivitäten stärkere Auswirkungen auf die Variabilität der BC-Massekonzentration haben als auf die regulierte PM2,5-Konzentration - und folglich auch einen größeren Einfluss auf die Exposition von Fußgängern. Diese Studie unterstreicht die Bedeutung hoher Datenqualität bei mobilen Messungen zur Expositionsabschätzung, insbesondere bei Schadstoffen, die räumlich sehr variabel sind. Insbesondere trägt diese Studie dazu bei, die Notwendigkeit hervorzuheben, in städtischen Gebieten mehr verkehrsbedingte Luftschadstoffe in die Überwachung der Luftqualität einzubeziehen. Darüber hinaus sollen geeignete Strategien, zur Bekämpfung der gesundheitsschädlichen Auswirkungen der Luftverschmutzung, entwickelt werden.:Table of Contents Bibliographic Description .................................................................................................. i Bibliografische Beschreibung ........................................................................................... ii 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Black carbon ....................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Mobile measurements ........................................................................................ 5 1.3 Objectives ............................................................................................................... 6 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................. 9 2.1 TROPOS Aerosol backpack ................................................................................... 9 2.1.1 Instrumentation .............................................................................................. 10 2.2 Mobile measurement strategy ........................................................................... 12 2.3 Phase 1 – Pilot studies .......................................................................................... 12 2.3.1 MACE-2015, Manila Philippines (Master thesis) ......................................... 13 2.3.2 Saxony Soot Project 2016, Leipzig and Dresden, Germany .......................... 15 2.4 Phase 2 – Optimization of MM and quality assurance ......................................... 18 2.4.1 CARE-2017, Rome, Italy .............................................................................. 18 2.4.2 Other datasets ................................................................................................. 19 2.5 Phase 3 – Data analysis ......................................................................................... 20 2.5.1 Statistical model: lognormal distributional regression .................................. 21 3. Results and Discussion ............................................................................................... 27 3.1 First publication .................................................................................................... 27 3.1.1 Methodology for high-quality mobile measurement with focus on black carbon and particle mass concentrations ............................................................................ 27 3.2 Second publication ................................................................................................ 45 3.2.1 Performance of microAethalometers: Real-world field intercomparisons from multiple mobile measurement campaigns in different atmospheric environments 45 3.3 Third Publication .................................................................................................. 73 iv 3.3.1 Pedestrian exposure to black carbon and PM2.5 emissions in urban hotspots: New findings using mobile measurement techniques and flexible Bayesian regression models .................................................................................................... 73 4. Summary and Conclusions ....................................................................................... 101 5. Outlook ..................................................................................................................... 107 Appendix ....................................................................................................................... 109 A.1 Publications included in the Doctoral Thesis and Author’s contributions ......... 109 A.2 Other Publications as First Author and Co-author during PhD ......................... 111 A.3 PhD Committee .................................................................................................. 113 A.4 Supervision Committee ...................................................................................... 114 List of Figures ............................................................................................................... 115 List of Tables ................................................................................................................ 116 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................ 117 Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 119 Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................ 12

Conditioning with spatio-temporal patterns: Constraining the contribution of the hippocampus to configural learning

The conditions under which the hippocampus contributes to learning about spatio-temporal configural patterns are not fully established. The aim of Experiments 1–4 was to investigate the impact of hippocampal lesions on learning about where or when a reinforcer would be delivered. In each experiment, the rats received exposure to an identical set of patterns (i.e., spotted + morning, checked + morning, spotted + afternoon and checked + afternoon); and the contexts (Experiment 1), times of day (Experiment 2), or their configuration (Experiments 3 and 4) signalled whether or not a reinforcer would be delivered. The fact that hippocampal damage did not disrupt the formation of simple or configural associations involving spatio-temporal patterns is surprising, and suggests that the contribution of the hippocampus is restricted to mediated learning (or updating) involving spatio-temporal configurations