Standardization and harmonization of methodologies for the needs of expert in forensic ecotechnique: forest and trees – a general view and introduction of the example

Cílem příspěvku je vysvětlit základní principy v tvorbě znalecké metodiky ve Forenzní ekotechnice: les a dřeviny z hlediska standardizace a harmonizace. Výsledkem procesu takovéto standardizace by měl být standard (standardizované postupy) použitelný pro získání podkladů pro jednotné postupy posouzení a možnosti zodpovězení na otázky zadavatele posudku. Tyto standardy by měly v rámci soudně znalecké činnosti, vyhovovat legislativním podmínkám ČR.Aim of this paper is to explain basic principles in the creation of an expert methodology in Forensic ecotechnique: forest and trees in terms of standardization and harmonization. The result of such a standardization process should be the standard (standard practice) to use for 7777standard for the uniform assessment procedures and the possibility of answering questions on the task. These standards should be within a forensic activities meet legislative requirements Czech Republic

STANDARDISATION AND HARMONISATION OF EXPERT VALUATION METHODOLOGY FOR THE NEEDS OF FORENSIC ECOTECHNIQUE: FOREST AND TREES

V předložené disertační práci je uveden přehled současného stavu řešené problematiky s upřesněním zařazení Forenzní ekotechniky: les a dřeviny do systému forenzních věd ve světě a její popis jako součást speciálních metod soudního inženýrství. Výsledky se zaměřují na návrh standardizovaných a harmonizovaných postupů podle typů znaleckých posudků. Jako další ze stěžejních výsledků práce jsou uvedeny navržené funkční biometrické parametry pro ohodnocování dřevin v rámci Funkční diagnostiky Metody kontaktního ohodnocování rostlinstva (Contact Flora Assessment – „CFA“). Aplikace některých způsobů měření a vybraných funkčních biometrických parametrů jsou uvedeny na příkladech vlastního měření ve vybraných porostech buku lesního v Národní přírodní rezervaci Voděradské bučiny a v Chřibech. Jako obecný doplněk využitelný ve Forenzní ekotechnice: les a dřeviny jsou uvedeny limity Funkční diagnostiky. V další řadě práce obsahuje diskuzi k navrženým standardům a výsledkům vlastního měření. Práce je uzavřena shrnutím výsledků a jejím přínosem.In the presented thesis is an overview of the current state solved the problem, specifying the inclusion of Forensic Ecotechnique: forest and trees into the forensic sciences in the world and its description as part of special methods of forensic engineering. The results focus on the design of standardized and harmonized processes according to the type of expert opinions. As another of the key results of the work are designed functional biometric parameters for evaluating trees in the functional diagnosis of Methods of contact flora assessment (“CFA”). Application of some methods of measurement and selected functional biometric parameters are listed in the examples in the measurement of selected forest stands of beech in the National Nature Reserve Voděradské bučiny and in Chřiby hills. As a general supplement usable in Forensic ecotechnique: forest and trees are given the limits for functional diagnostics. In another series of work includes a discussion on the proposed standards and the measurement results. The work is concluded by summarizing the results and the benefits.

Shifting the limits in wheat research and breeding using a fully annotated reference genome

Introduction: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely cultivated crop on Earth, contributing about a fifth of the total calories consumed by humans. Consequently, wheat yields and production affect the global economy, and failed harvests can lead to social unrest. Breeders continuously strive to develop improved varieties by fine-tuning genetically complex yield and end-use quality parameters while maintaining stable yields and adapting the crop to regionally specific biotic and abiotic stresses. Rationale: Breeding efforts are limited by insufficient knowledge and understanding of wheat biology and the molecular basis of central agronomic traits. To meet the demands of human population growth, there is an urgent need for wheat research and breeding to accelerate genetic gain as well as to increase and protect wheat yield and quality traits. In other plant and animal species, access to a fully annotated and ordered genome sequence, including regulatory sequences and genome-diversity information, has promoted the development of systematic and more time-efficient approaches for the selection and understanding of important traits. Wheat has lagged behind, primarily owing to the challenges of assembling a genome that is more than five times as large as the human genome, polyploid, and complex, containing more than 85% repetitive DNA. To provide a foundation for improvement through molecular breeding, in 2005, the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium set out to deliver a high-quality annotated reference genome sequence of bread wheat. Results: An annotated reference sequence representing the hexaploid bread wheat genome in the form of 21 chromosome-like sequence assemblies has now been delivered, giving access to 107,891 high-confidence genes, including their genomic context of regulatory sequences. This assembly enabled the discovery of tissue- and developmental stage–related gene coexpression networks using a transcriptome atlas representing all stages of wheat development. The dynamics of change in complex gene families involved in environmental adaptation and end-use quality were revealed at subgenome resolution and contextualized to known agronomic single-gene or quantitative trait loci. Aspects of the future value of the annotated assembly for molecular breeding and research were exemplarily illustrated by resolving the genetic basis of a quantitative trait locus conferring resistance to abiotic stress and insect damage as well as by serving as the basis for genome editing of the flowering-time trait. Conclusion: This annotated reference sequence of wheat is a resource that can now drive disruptive innovation in wheat improvement, as this community resource establishes the foundation for accelerating wheat research and application through improved understanding of wheat biology and genomics-assisted breeding. Importantly, the bioinformatics capacity developed for model-organism genomes will facilitate a better understanding of the wheat genome as a result of the high-quality chromosome-based genome assembly. By necessity, breeders work with the genome at the whole chromosome level, as each new cross involves the modification of genome-wide gene networks that control the expression of complex traits such as yield. With the annotated and ordered reference genome sequence in place, researchers and breeders can now easily access sequence-level information to precisely define the necessary changes in the genomes for breeding programs. This will be realized through the implementation of new DNA marker platforms and targeted breeding technologies, including genome editing

Organizace firmy Autocentrála, s.r.o.

Import 20/04/2006Prezenční výpůjčkaVŠB - Technická univerzita Ostrava. Ekonomická fakulta. Katedra (115) podnikatelství a management

Standardization and harmonization of methodologies for the needs of expert in forensic ecotechnique: forest and trees – a general view and introduction of the example

Aim of this paper is to explain basic principles in the creation of an expert methodology in Forensic ecotechnique: forest and trees in terms of standardization and harmonization. The result of such a standardization process should be the standard (standard practice) to use for 7777standard for the uniform assessment procedures and the possibility of answering questions on the task. These standards should be within a forensic activities meet legislative requirements Czech Republic

Occurrence and Population Density of the Endemic Species <i>Cordulegaster buchholzi</i> (Anisoptera: Cordulegastridae) on the Cyclades Islands in Greece

Our research was focused on determining the geomorphological characteristics of streams, characteristics of sediment in streams, habitat, emergence sites and flight period. Larvae were recorded in 19 streams (altitude of 35–680 m a.s.l.), with an average minimum width of 44.2 cm, an average maximum width of 352.9 cm, an average minimum depth of 9 cm and an average maximum depth (in pools) of 55 cm, with an average stream gradient of 12 grades (range 0.6–45 grades). In terms of grain size, the sediment in these biotopes can be characterized as sandy gravel, medium-grained gravel with an admixture of fine sand and an admixture of coarse-grained gravel prevails (with dominancy of fraction 2–5 mm with a representation of 47%). The larval density reached 0.1–62.2 larvae per 1 m2 of suitable sediment. Exuviae (100 exuviae found in total) occurred at an average of 66 cm horizontal distance from the shore and an average vertical height of 124 cm above the ground. The average total distance of larval movement was 190 cm. The emergence site was categorized as larvae-dominated tree trunks (57% of cases), rocks (51%) and overhanging rocks (11%). The flight period was recorded from 17th May to 15th July (literary record—to 15th August) with peak flight activity noted in the third quarter of June. Considering the size of the area—extent of occurrence, the population of C. buchholzi is strongly threatened; according to the IUCN categories it should be classified as endangered (EN)

Carbon Storage in Beech Stands on the Chřiby Uplands

The submitted scientific statement is a contribution to solutions of monitoring the storage of carbon in the woods and its emissions. Four permanent research plots were established in the area of the Chřiby uplands in the Czech Republic. The plots are made of forest stands with nearly 100% of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). The stands form simple spatial structures of about the same age (about 180 years). They represent, however, varying site conditions (dwarf acid beech stands, herb-rich beech stands and transitions between them). For quantification of carbon storage, standard dendrometric methods and the Field-Map technology were used. The total amount of carbon was established as the sum of further documented carbon storages in the aboveground biomass, the belowground biomass, woody debris and the forest soil. Determination of total amount of carbon was addressed in a version manner. In the first version, the estimate of the total amount of carbon was established based on Wutzler et al. (2008) equations for the aboveground biomass (AGB) and the belowground biomass (BB). In the second version, the AGB was calculated according to Joosten et al. (2004), the BB according to Wirth et al. (2003), the values of storages were consistent with Mund (2004) for woody debris, and with Mackù in Kolektiv (2007) for forest soil. Total carbon storage per hectare of stand is in average 370.2 t. Obtained outcomes support the quantitative results of latest research related to carbon in the woods