Modernization of theoretical and practical aspects of the development of higher medical education in Ukraine

The coronavirus pandemic has become a challenge for national health care systems, a global problem that has accelerated the processes of reforming medical education in many countries. The purpose of the article is to analyze the modernization of theoretical and practical aspects of the development of higher medical education in Ukraine. The research uses general scientific (analysis, synthesis, deduction and induction) and specialized methods (prognostic, axiological). The results trace the transformation of the state regulation of higher medical education, the use of research methods in education, the use of modern teaching methods aimed at making the medical education sector in Ukraine more efficient. It has been proven that transformations in higher medical education were hampered due to a lack of funding. During 2015–2017, the first changes occurred: the "KROK" testing system, based on American samples was implemented. The latest teaching methods, updated in recent years, are also actively implemented in teaching practice. In the conclusions, it is noted that in the future, employers should play a more active role in the formation of educational programs, as is customary in the leading countries of the world. In Ukraine, due to the aggression of Russian troops and the destruction caused by them, the further commercialization of medical education may become an important trend for further development

Ex-vivo confocal Raman microspectroscopy of porcine skin with 633/785-NM laser excitation and optical clearing with glycerol/water/DMSO solution

Confocal Raman microspectroscopy (CRM) with 633- and 785-nm excitation wavelengths combined with optical clearing (OC) technique was used for ex-vivo study of porcine skin in the Raman ¯ngerprint region. The optical clearing has been performed on the skin samples by applying a mixture of glycerol and distilled water and a mixture of glycerol, distilled water and chemical penetration enhancer dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) during 30 min and 60 min of treatment. It was shown that the combined use of the optical clearing technique and CRM at 633nm allowed one to preserve the high probing depth, signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution simultaneously. Comparing the e®ect of di®erent optical clearing agents on porcine skin showed that an optical clearing agent containing chemical penetration enhancer provides higher optical clearing e±ciency. Also, an increase in treatment time allows to improve the optical clearing e±ciency of both optical clearing agents. As a result of optical clearing, the detection of the amide-III spectral region indicating well-distinguishable structural di®erences between the type-I and type-IV collagens has been improved

New experimental research stand SVICKA neutron field analysis using neutron activation detector technique

Knowledge of neutron energy spectra is very important because neutrons with various energies have a different material impact or a biological tissue impact. This paper presents basic results of the neutron flux distribution inside the new experimental research stand SVICKA which is located at Brno University of Technology in Brno, Czech Republic. The experiment also focused on the investigation of the sandwich biological shielding quality that protects staff against radiation effects. The set of indium activation detectors was used to the investigation of neutron flux distribution. The results of the measurement provide basic information about the neutron flux distribution inside all irradiation channels and no damage or cracks are present in the experimental research stand biological shielding

Characterisation of Channel Waveguides Fabricated in an Er3+-Doped Tellurite Glass Using Two Ion Beam Techniques

Two methods were proposed and implemented for the fabrication of channel waveguides in an Er-doped Tellurite glass. In the first method, channel waveguides were fabricated by implanting 1.5 MeV and 3.5 MeV energy N+ ions through a special silicon mask to the glass sample at various fluences. Those waveguides implanted at a fluence of 1.0 × 1016 ions/cm2 operated up to 980 nm, and showed green upconversion of the Erbium ions. In the second method, channel waveguides were directly written in the Er3+: TeO2W2O3 glass using an 11 MeV C4+ ion microbeam with fluences in the range of 1 · 1014–5 · 1016 ions/cm2. The waveguides worked in single mode regime up to the 1540 nm telecom wavelength. Propagation losses were reduced from the 14 dB/cm of the as-irradiated waveguides by stepwise thermal annealing to 1.5 dB/cm at λ = 1400 nm

Using Hydrophilic Ionic Liquid, [bmim]BF4 – Ethylene Glycol System as a Novel Media for the Rapid Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles

In this work, we present a novel method for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles. We utilize the charge compensatory effect of ionic liquid [bmim]BF4 in conjunction with ethylene glycol for providing electro-steric stabilization to copper nanoparticles prepared from copper sulphate using hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent. The formed copper nanoparticles showed extended stability over a period of one year. Copper nanoparticles thus prepared were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction measurements (pXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and quasi elastic light scattering (QELS) techniques. Powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD) analysis revealed relevant Bragg's reflection for crystal structure of copper. Powder X-ray diffraction plots also revealed no oxidized material of copper nanoparticles. TEM showed nearly uniform distribution of the particles in methanol and confirmed by QELS. Typical applications of copper nanoparticles include uses in conductive films, lubrication and nanofluids. Currently efforts are under way in our laboratory for using these nanoparticles as catalysts for a variety of organic reactions

Insights on the mixtures of imidazolium based ionic liquids with molecular solvents

The properties of ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium BF4 and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium BF4) + solvents (water, ethylene glycol or dimethylformamide) mixtures are studied in the full composition range as a function of mixture composition and temperature. These mixed fluids are characterized by selected physical properties and microscopic studies using density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations. The reported results showed large non-ideal mixtures, which are caused by strong anion (BF4) – molecular solvent hydrogen bonding. Likewise, the interaction of ions, evolves from anion-cation pairs solvated by molecular solvents, for mixtures rich in molecular solvent, to large ionic aggregates for ionic liquid rich mixtures separated by a transitional composition regime. The large non-linearity of the evolution of microscopic properties with mixture composition is the origin of macroscopic thermodynamic deviations from ideality.Junta de Castilla y León (Spain, project BU324U14