Age- and region-specific hepatitis B prevalence in Turkey estimated using generalized linear mixed models: a systematic review

Toy M, Önder FO, Wörmann T, et al. Age- and region-specific hepatitis B prevalence in Turkey estimated using generalized linear mixed models: a systematic review. BMC infectious diseases. 2011;11(1): 337.BACKGROUND: To provide a clear picture of the current hepatitis B situation, the authors performed a systematic review to estimate the age- and region-specific prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Turkey. METHODS: A total of 339 studies with original data on the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Turkey and published between 1999 and 2009 were identified through a search of electronic databases, by reviewing citations, and by writing to authors. After a critical assessment, the authors included 129 studies, divided into categories: 'age-specific'; 'region-specific'; and 'specific population group'. To account for the differences among the studies, a generalized linear mixed model was used to estimate the overall prevalence across all age groups and regions. For specific population groups, the authors calculated the weighted mean prevalence. RESULTS: The estimated overall population prevalence was 4.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.58, 5.76, and the estimated total number of CHB cases was about 3.3 million. The outcomes of the age-specific groups varied from 2.84, (95% CI: 2.60, 3.10) for the 0-14-year olds to 6.36 (95% CI: 5.83, 6.90) in the 25-34-year-old group. CONCLUSION: There are large age-group and regional differences in CHB prevalence in Turkey, where CHB remains a serious health problem

Resveratrol increases BRCA1 and BRCA2 mRNA expression in breast tumour cell lines

International audienceThe phytochemical resveratrol, found in grapes, berries and peanuts, has been found to possess cancer chemopreventive effects by inhibiting diverse cellular events associated with tumour initiation, promotion and progression. Resveratrol is also a phyto-oestrogen, binds to and activates oestrogen receptors that regulate the transcription of oestrogen-responsive target genes such as the breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. We investigated the effects of resveratrol on BRCA1 and BRCA2 expression in human breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, HBL 100 and MDA-MB 231) using quantitative real-time RT-PCR, and by perfusion chromatography of the proteins. All cell lines were treated with 30 microM resveratrol. The expressions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mRNAs were increased although no change in the expression of the proteins were found. These data indicate that resveratrol at 30 micro M can increase expression of genes involved in the aggressiveness of human breast tumour cell lines

Smoking, alcohol, and substance use among first year students in eight universities, Turkey, 2005

WOS: 000243008700389

Nocardiose pulmonar em paciente usuário crônico de corticóides Pulmonary nocardiosis in a patient who was a chronic corticosteroid user

Nocardiose pulmonar é uma infecção grave e incomum causada pela Nocardia ssp, microorganismos que podem se comportar tanto como oportunistas quanto patógenos primários e que pode se apresentar como desordem aguda ou crônica supurativa. Relata-se o caso de um paciente de 49 anos, portador de púrpura trombocitopênica idiopática em tratamento com corticóides que desenvolveu infecção pulmonar por Nocardia farcinica, isolada em hemocultura. Apesar de tratamento correto com sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim, o paciente morreu após três meses de instituída terapia.<br>Pulmonary nocardiosis is an infrequent and severe infection caused by Nocardia spp. These are microorganisms that may behave both as opportunists and as primary pathogens, and they may present as either acute or suppurative chronic disorders. We report on the case of a 49-year-old man with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura that was being treated with corticosteroids. He developed pulmonary infection due to Nocardia farcinica, which was isolated from blood cultures. Despite correct treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the patient died three months after this therapy was instituted

Polygenic risk scores predict diabetes complications and their response to intensive blood pressure and glucose control

Aims/hypothesis Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular and renal complications, but early risk prediction could lead to timely intervention and better outcomes. Genetic information can be used to enable early detection of risk. Methods We developed a multi-polygenic risk score (multiPRS) that combines ten weighted PRSs (10 wPRS) composed of 598 SNPs associated with main risk factors and outcomes of type 2 diabetes, derived from summary statistics data of genome-wide association studies. The 10 wPRS, first principal component of ethnicity, sex, age at onset and diabetes duration were included into one logistic regression model to predict micro- and macrovascular outcomes in 4098 participants in the ADVANCE study and 17,604 individuals with type 2 diabetes in the UK Biobank study. Results The model showed a similar predictive performance for cardiovascular and renal complications in different cohorts. It identified the top 30% of ADVANCE participants with a mean of 3.1-fold increased risk of major micro- and macrovascular events (p = 6.3 × 10−21 and p = 9.6 × 10−31, respectively) and a 4.4-fold (p = 6.8 × 10−33) higher risk of cardiovascular death. While in ADVANCE overall, combined intensive blood pressure and glucose control decreased cardiovascular death by 24%, the model identified a high-risk group in whom it decreased the mortality rate by 47%, and a low-risk group in whom it had no discernible effect. High-risk individuals had the greatest absolute risk reduction with a number needed to treat of 12 to prevent one cardiovascular death over 5 years. Conclusions/interpretation This novel multiPRS model stratified individuals with type 2 diabetes according to risk of complications and helped to target earlier those who would receive greater benefit from intensive therapy