乳児期における知覚-行為発達への生態学的アプローチ : リーチングとつかまり立ちの縦断的分析

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : (主査)東京大学教授 佐々木 正人, 東京大学教授 遠藤 利彦, 東京大学教授 多賀 厳太郎, 東京大学教授 秋田 喜代美, 東京大学准教授 針生 悦子University of Tokyo(東京大学

3D cut-cell modelling for high-resolution atmospheric simulations

Owing to the recent, rapid development of computer technology, the resolution of atmospheric numerical models has increased substantially. With the use of next-generation supercomputers, atmospheric simulations using horizontal grid intervals of O(100) m or less will gain popularity. At such high resolution more of the steep gradients in mountainous terrain will be resolved, which may result in large truncation errors in those models using terrain-following coordinates. In this study, a new 3D Cartesian coordinate non-hydrostatic atmospheric model is developed. A cut-cell representation of topography based on finite-volume discretization is combined with a cell-merging approach, in which small cut-cells are merged with neighboring cells either vertically or horizontally. In addition, a block-structured mesh-refinement technique is introduced to achieve a variable resolution on the model grid with the finest resolution occurring close to the terrain surface. The model successfully reproduces a flow over a 3D bell-shaped hill that shows a good agreement with the flow predicted by the linear theory. The ability of the model to simulate flows over steep terrain is demonstrated using a hemisphere-shaped hill where the maximum slope angle is resolved at 71 degrees. The advantage of a locally refined grid around a 3D hill, with cut-cells at the terrain surface, is also demonstrated using the hemisphere-shaped hill. The model reproduces smooth mountain waves propagating over varying grid resolution without introducing large errors associated with the change of mesh resolution. At the same time, the model shows a good scalability on a locally refined grid with the use of OpenMP.Comment: 19 pages, 16 figures. Revised version, accepted for publication in QJRM

Conservation with moving meshes over orography

Adaptive meshes have the potential to improve the accuracy and efficiency of atmospheric modelling by increasing resolution where it is most needed. Mesh re-distribution, or r-adaptivity, adapts by moving the mesh without changing the connectivity. This avoids some of the challenges with h-adaptivity (adding and removing points): the solution does not need to be mapped between meshes, which can be expensive and introduces errors, and there are no load balancing problems on parallel computers. A long standing problem with both forms of adaptivity has been changes in volume of the domain as resolution changes at an uneven boundary. We propose a solution which achieves exact local conservation and maintains a uniform scalar field while the mesh changes volume as it moves over orography. This is achieved by introducing a volume correction parameter which tracks the cell volumes without using expensive conservative mapping. A finite volume solution of the advection equation over orography on moving meshes is described and results are presented demonstrating improved accuracy for cost using moving meshes. Exact local conservation and maintenance of uniform scalar fields is demonstrated and the correct mesh volume is preserved. We use optimal transport to generate meshes which are guaranteed not to tangle and are equidistributed with respect to a monitor function. This leads to a Monge-Ampère equation which is solved with a Newton solver. The superiority of the Newton solver over other techniques is demonstrated in the appendix. However the Newton solver is only efficient if it is applied to the left hand side of the Monge-Ampère equation with fixed point iterations for the right hand side

microRNA-345の過剰発現は、MUC1およびTJP2の発現を抑制することにより、膵管腺癌細胞株の浸潤能に影響を及ぼす

The majority of pancreatic carcinomas are pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), and the presence of non-invasive pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia or intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, as an associated lesion, is considered important. These microscopic hyperplastic or grossly papillomatous lesions exhibit varying degrees of morphological atypia and may develop into invasive carcinomas. In this study, we investigated whether mucin-1 (MUC1) is involved in the progression of pancreatic carcinoma and examined the mechanisms by which microRNAs regulate MUC1 expression in vitro. In PDAC cell lines, suppression of MUC1 expression reduced cell proliferation and invasion; PDAC cell lines transfected with an miR-345 precursor suppressed the expression of MUC1, and reduced cell proliferation and invasion. Tight junction protein 2 (TJP2), a putative target of miR-345, is regulated by MUC1. The suppression of TJP2 expression reduced cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis. These results suggest that MUC1 and TJP2, the putative target molecules of miR-345, are critical in maintaining the invasive potential of pancreatic carcinoma cells, and regulating their expression may prevent the progression of non-invasive pancreatic intraductal lesions to invasive carcinomas. This study provides new insights for the development of novel molecular targeted therapies for pancreatic carcinomas.博士（医学）・甲第866号・令和5年3月15

Cognitive behavioral therapy with interoceptive exposure and complementary video materials for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan

BackgroundThere is growing evidence of the treatment efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). CBT is recommended by several practice guidelines for patients with IBS if lifestyle advice or pharmacotherapy has been ineffective. Manual-based CBT using interoceptive exposure (IE), which focuses on the anxiety response to abdominal symptoms, has been reported to be more effective than other types of CBT. One flaw of CBT use in general practice is that it is time and effort consuming for therapists. Therefore, we developed a set of complementary video materials that include psycho-education and homework instructions for CBT patients, reducing time spent in face-to-face sessions while maintaining treatment effects. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of CBT-IE with complementary video materials (CBT-IE-w/vid) in a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT).MethodsThis study will be a multicenter, parallel-design RCT. Participants diagnosed with IBS according to the Rome IV diagnostic criteria will be randomized to either the treatment as usual (TAU) group or the CBT-IE-w/vid + TAU group. CBT-IE-w/vid consists of 10 sessions (approximately 30 min face-to-face therapy + viewing a video prior to each session). Patients in the CBT-IE-w/vid group will be instructed to pre- view 3- to 13-min videos at home prior to each face-to-face therapy visit at a hospital. The primary outcome is the severity of IBS symptoms. All participants will be assessed at baseline, mid-treatment, post-treatment, and follow-up (3 months after post assessment). The sample will include 60 participants in each group.DiscussionTo our knowledge, this study will be the first RCT of manual-based CBT for IBS in Japan. By using psycho-educational video materials, the time and cost of therapy will be reduced. Manual based CBTs for IBS have not been widely adopted in Japan to date. If our CBT-IE-w/vid program is confirmed to be more effective than TAU, it will facilitate dissemination of cost-effective manual-based CBT in clinical settings

Anesthetic Management of a Surgical Patient with Chronic Renal Tubular Acidosis Complicated by Subclinical Hypothyroidism

A 53-year-old man with chronic renal tubular acidosis and subclinical hypothyroidism underwent lower leg amputation surgery under general anesthesia. Perioperative acid-base management in such patients poses many difficulties because both pathophysiologies have the potential to complicate the interpretation of capnometry and arterial blood gas analysis data; inappropriate correction of chronic metabolic acidosis may lead to postoperative respiratory deterioration. We discuss the management of perioperative acidosis in order to achieve successful weaning from mechanical ventilation and promise a complete recovery from anesthesia

Supporting software for "Vertical slice modelling of nonlinear Eady waves using a compatible finite element method"

<p>Modelling code supporting the paper "Vertical slice modelling of nonlinear Eady waves using a compatible finite element method".</p