Landscape theory: post-68 revolutionary cinema in Japan

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the "landscape theory" (Fukei-ron), which has given rise to much debate. This theory was proposed by the anarchist film critic Matsuda Masao at the end of 1969 and developed by the director Adachi Masao, the screenwriter Sasaki Mamoru and the photographer Nakahira Takuma, among others. She wishes to re-study this theory of landscape not only to re-evaluate it from an artistic point of view or within the framework of the history of cinema, but also to bring out its political and revolutionary value. The "landscape theory" was born following the film A.K.A. Serial Killer (1969), co-directed by Matsuda, Adachi and Sasaki. This work is a documentary about Nagayama Norio, a nineteen year old man who never appears in the film although he was the author of a series of indiscriminate shootings in the cities of Tokyo, Kyoto, Hakodate and Nagoya between October 1968 and April 1969. This documentary is entirely composed of all the landscapes that Nagayama is said to have seen during his wanderings from his birth to his arrest. This thesis attempts to demonstrate the context in which the term and concept of "landscape" (fukei) was introduced into Japan to translate the Western word "landscape" into Japanese during the modernization process of the Meiji Restoration in the late 19th century, as well as the peculiarity of the "landscape theory" developed by Matsuda and Adachi in a totally different approach from the existing one.Asian Studie

Exceeding classical capacity limit in quantum optical channel

The amount of information transmissible through a communications channel is determined by the noise characteristics of the channel and by the quantities of available transmission resources. In classical information theory, the amount of transmissible information can be increased twice at most when the transmission resource (e.g. the code length, the bandwidth, the signal power) is doubled for fixed noise characteristics. In quantum information theory, however, the amount of information transmitted can increase even more than twice. We present a proof-of-principle demonstration of this super-additivity of classical capacity of a quantum channel by using the ternary symmetric states of a single photon, and by event selection from a weak coherent light source. We also show how the super-additive coding gain, even in a small code length, can boost the communication performance of conventional coding technique.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

The PBPK LeiCNS-PK3.0 framework predicts Nirmatrelvir (but not Remdesivir or Molnupiravir) to achieve effective concentrations against SARS-CoV-2 in human brain cells

SARS-CoV-2 was shown to infect and persist in the human brain cells up to 230 days, highlighting the need to treat the brain viral load. The CNS disposition of antiCOVID-19 drugs: Remdesivir, Molnupiravir, and Nirmatrelvir, remains, however, unexplored. Here, we assessed the human brain pharmacokinetic profile (PK) against the EC90 values of antiCOVID-19 drugs to predict drugs with favorable brain PK against the delta and omicron variants. We also evaluated the intracellular PK of GS443902 and EIDD2061, the active metabolites of Remdesivir and Molnupiravir. Towards this, we applied LeiCNS-PK3.0, the physiologically based pharmacokinetic framework with demonstrated adequate predictions of human CNS PK. Under the recommended dosing regimens, the predicted brain extracellular fluid PK of only Nirmatrelvir was above the variants' EC90. The intracellular levels of GS443902 and EIDD2061 were below the intracellular EC90. Summarizing, our model recommends Nirmatrelvir as the promising candidate for (pre)clinical studies investigating the CNS efficacy of antiCOVID-19 drugs.Pharmacolog

Reciprocal Roles for CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein (C/EBP) and PU.1 Transcription Factors in Langerhans Cell Commitment

Myeloid progenitor cells give rise to a variety of progenies including dendritic cells. However, the mechanism controlling the diversification of myeloid progenitors into each progeny is largely unknown. PU.1 and CCAAT/enhancing binding protein (C/EBP) family transcription factors have been characterized as key regulators for the development and function of the myeloid system. However, the roles of C/EBP transcription factors have not been fully identified because of functional redundancy among family members. Using high titer–retroviral infection, we demonstrate that a dominant-negative C/EBP completely blocked the granulocyte–macrophage commitment of human myeloid progenitors. Alternatively, Langerhans cell (LC) commitment was markedly facilitated in the absence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, a strong inducer of LC development, whereas expression of wild-type C/EBP in myeloid progenitors promoted granulocytic differentiation, and completely inhibited TNFα-dependent LC development. On the other hand, expression of wild-type PU.1 in myeloid progenitors triggered LC development in the absence of TNFα, and its instructive effect was canceled by coexpressed C/EBP. Our findings establish reciprocal roles for C/EBP and PU.1 in LC development, and provide new insight into the molecular mechanism of LC development, which has not yet been well characterized

Large mass dileptons from the passage of jets through quark gluon plasma

We calculate the emission of large mass dileptons originating from the annihilation of quark jets passing through quark gluon plasma. Considering central collisions of heavy nuclei at SPS, RHIC and LHC energies, we find that the yield due to the jet-plasma interaction gets progressively larger as the collision energy increases. We find it to be negligible at SPS energies, of the order of the Drell-Yan contribution and much larger than the normal thermal yield at RHIC energies and up to a factor of ten larger than the Drell-Yan contribution at LHC energies. An observation of this new dilepton source would confirm the occurrence of jet-plasma interactions and of conditions suitable for jet-quenching to take place.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures; references added, improved calculation, conclusions unchange

Atomistic origins of high-performance in hybrid halide perovskite solar cells

The performance of organometallic perovskite solar cells has rapidly surpassed that of both conventional dye-sensitised and organic photovoltaics. High power conversion efficiency can be realised in both mesoporous and thin-film device architectures. We address the origin of this success in the context of the materials chemistry and physics of the bulk perovskite as described by electronic structure calculations. In addition to the basic optoelectronic properties essential for an efficient photovoltaic device (spectrally suitable band gap, high optical absorption, low carrier effective masses), the materials are structurally and compositionally flexible. As we show, hybrid perovskites exhibit spontaneous electric polarisation; we also suggest ways in which this can be tuned through judicious choice of the organic cation. The presence of ferroelectric domains will result in internal junctions that may aid separation of photoexcited electron and hole pairs, and reduction of recombination through segregation of charge carriers. The combination of high dielectric constant and low effective mass promotes both Wannier-Mott exciton separation and effective ionisation of donor and acceptor defects. The photoferroic effect could be exploited in nanostructured films to generate a higher open circuit voltage and may contribute to the current-voltage hysteresis observed in perovskite solar cells.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Simulations of Pregalactic Structure Formation with Radiative Feedback

We present results from three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the high redshift collapse of pregalactic clouds including feedback effects from a soft H2 photodissociating UV radiation field. The simulations use an Eulerian adaptive mesh refinement technique to follow the nonequilibrium chemistry of nine chemical species with cosmological initial conditions drawn from a popular Lambda-dominated cold dark matter model. The results confirm that the soft UV background can delay the cooling and collapse of small halos (~10^6 Msun). For reasonable values of the photo-dissociating flux, the H2 fraction is in equilibrium throughout most of the objects we simulate. We determine the mass threshold for collapse for a range of soft-UV fluxes and also derive a simple analytic expression. Continuing the simulations beyond the point of initial collapse demonstrates that the fraction of gas which can cool depends mostly on the virial mass of the halo and the amount of soft-UV flux, with remarkably little scatter. We parameterize this relation, for use in semi-analytic models.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Ap

The mineralocorticoid receptor: insights into its molecular and (patho)physiological biology

The last decade has witnessed tremendous progress in the understanding of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), its molecular mechanism of action, and its implications for physiology and pathophysiology. After the initial cloning of MR, and identification of its gene structure and promoters, it now appears as a major actor in protein-protein interaction networks. The role of transcriptional coregulators and the determinants of mineralocorticoid selectivity have been elucidated. Targeted oncogenesis and transgenic mouse models have identified unexpected sites of MR expression and novel roles for MR in non-epithelial tissues. These experimental approaches have contributed to the generation of new cell lines for the characterization of aldosterone signaling pathways, and have also facilitated a better understanding of MR physiology in the heart, vasculature, brain and adipose tissues. This review describes the structure, molecular mechanism of action and transcriptional regulation mediated by MR, emphasizing the most recent developments at the cellular and molecular level. Finally, through insights obtained from mouse models and human disease, its role in physiology and pathophysiology will be reviewed. Future investigations of MR biology should lead to new therapeutic strategies, modulating cell-specific actions in the management of cardiovascular disease, neuroprotection, mineralocorticoid resistance, and metabolic disorders

Information coding in vasopressin neurons-The role of asynchronous bistable burst firing

AbstractThe task of the vasopressin system is homeostasis, a type of process which is fundamental to the brain's regulation of the body, exists in many different systems, and is vital to health and survival. Many illnesses are related to the dysfunction of homeostatic systems, including high blood pressure, obesity and diabetes. Beyond the vasopressin system's own importance, in regulating osmotic pressure, it presents an accessible model where we can learn how the features of homeostatic systems generally relate to their function, and potentially develop treatments. The vasopressin system is an important model system in neuroscience because it presents an accessible system in which to investigate the function and importance of, for example, dendritic release and burst firing, both of which are found in many systems of the brain. We have only recently begun to understand the contribution of dendritic release to neuronal function and information processing. Burst firing has most commonly been associated with rhythm generation; in this system it clearly plays a different role, still to be understood fully

Perlecan Maintains microvessel integrity in vivo and modulates their formation in vitro

Perlecan is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan assembled into the vascular basement membranes (BMs) during vasculogenesis. In the present study we have investigated vessel formation in mice, teratomas and embryoid bodies (EBs) in the absence of perlecan. We found that perlecan was dispensable for blood vessel formation and maturation until embryonic day (E) 12.5. At later stages of development 40% of mutant embryos showed dilated microvessels in brain and skin, which ruptured and led to severe bleedings. Surprisingly, teratomas derived from perlecan-null ES cells showed efficient contribution of perlecan-deficient endothelial cells to an apparently normal tumor vasculature. However, in perlecan-deficient EBs the area occupied by an endothelial network and the number of vessel branches were significantly diminished. Addition of FGF-2 but not VEGF165 rescued the in vitro deficiency of the mutant ES cells. Furthermore, in the absence of perlecan in the EB matrix lower levels of FGFs are bound, stored and available for cell surface presentation. Altogether these findings suggest that perlecan supports the maintenance of brain and skin subendothelial BMs and promotes vasculo- and angiogenesis by modulating FGF-2 function