Endotoxin: A Twofold Effect on Bone Marrow Ultrastructure

Ultrastructural studies of mouse bone marrow reveal that reduction of the marrow-blood barrier precedes the two waves of leukocytosis which follow endotoxin administration. These ultrastructural changes include a decrease in adventitial cover of the marrow sinus wall, an increase in sinus circumference, and a decrease in endothelial cell overlap. The marrow-blood barrier changes which precede the first wave of leukocytosis are transient and are associated with depletion of marrow granulocytes. The changes that precede the second wave of leukocytosis 5 to 6 days later are more sustained and are associated with marked granulocyte hyperplasia. We suggest that endotoxin has two effects on marrow ultrastructure: (1) an early, direct effect on the sinus wall and (2) a later, indirect effect associated with granulocyte proliferation. The late effect may be mediated through endotoxin induced release of colony stimulating factor. Both effects diminish the normal marrow-blood barrier and appear to facilitate cell release from the marrow

Uso da imagem termográfica para avaliação do tratamento das otites externas em cães

A otite externa é uma doença de caráter inflamatório, que cursa com prurido, otalgia, inflamação, produção excessiva de cerúmen e odor fétido. Seu diagnóstico é baseado principalmente no histórico clínico e em exames de citologia auricular e otoscopia, e as mesmas ferramentas costumam ser utilizadas no monitoramento da resposta clínica após a instituição da terapia. Na busca por novos métodos que objetivem o acompanhamento terapêutico, a termografia, técnica não invasiva de mapeamento térmico a partir da radiação infravermelha normalmente emitida pela superfície corporal, se mostra promissora, uma vez que passou a ser explorada nas diversas áreas das medicinas humana e veterinária devido ao seu potencial para o diagnóstico e monitoramento de processos inflamatórios. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a viabilidade do uso da imagem termográfica como ferramenta para avaliar a resposta à terapia da otite externa canina. Foram analisadas 48 orelhas de 25 cães que foram incluídos no estudo após serem submetidos aos exames clínico, citológico do conduto auditivo e otoscópico. Os condutos auditivos foram avaliados quanto a presença de eritema, edema, erosão/ulceração e exsudato, e cada alteração foi pontuda de 0 a 3, de acordo com o Índice de Pontuação de Otite (OTIS3). De acordo com o tempo de evolução, as otites foram classificadas em agudas (<3 meses) ou crônicas (≥3 meses). As orelhas com pontuação total ≥4 foram incluídas no estudo. Os pacientes tiveram suas orelhas fotografadas por câmera termográfica na região da face côncava do pavilhão auricular e do poro acústico no dia da inclusão e após o término da instituição da terapia, quando a pontuação do OTIS3 atingiu valor total ≤3. Ao final do tratamento, observou-se diferença significativa na temperatura média da face côncava do pavilhão auricular quando comparada com a temperatura antes de iniciar o tratamento (p<0,001). Ao avaliar individualmente as 48 orelhas, verificou-se que no poro acústico houve redução em 27, aumento em 16 e cinco permaneceram sem alteração. Na face côncava do pavilhão auricular, 36 reduziram as temperaturas médias, 10 aumentaram a temperatura e duas permaneceram sem alteração. Quando classificadas pelo tempo de evolução, houve redução dos valores médios das temperaturas médias do poro acústico e face côncava do pavilhão auricular, porém só as otites crônicas apresentaram significância estatística. As médias dos deltas das temperaturas mostraram que na face côncava do pavilhão auricular dos casos crônicos houve maior amplitude de variação entre as temperaturas antes e após o tratamento. Não houve correlação entre as reduções de temperatura e o OTIS3. A termografia se mostrou promissora principalmente empregando a face côncava do pavilhão auricular como local de avaliação, e nas otites com tempo de evolução crônica, ainda que não tenha se correlacionado com o OTIS3, de modo que a técnica precisa ser aprimorada e padronizada para ser fidedigna e reproduzível.Otitis externa is an inflammatory disease that causes itching, otalgia, inflammation, excessive production of cerumen and a foul odor. Its diagnosis is mainly based on clinical history and on auricular cytology and otoscopy exams, and the same tools are usually used to monitor the clinical response after the institution of therapy. In the search for new methods aimed at therapeutic monitoring, thermography, a non-invasive technique of thermal mapping from infrared radiation normally emitted by the body surface, shows promise, since it has been explored in the various areas of human and veterinary medicine. due to its potential for the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory processes. This study aimed to verify the feasibility of using thermographic imaging as a tool to assess the response to canine otitis externa therapy. We analyzed 48 ears of 25 dogs that were included in the study after being submitted to clinical, cytological and otoscopic exams. The ear canals were evaluated for the presence of erythema, edema, erosion/ulceration and exudate, and each alteration was scored from 0 to 3, according to the Otitis Index Score (OTIS3). According to the time of evolution, otitis were classified as acute (<3 months) or chronic (≥3 months). Ears with a total score ≥4 were included in the study. Patients had their ears photographed by a thermographic camera in the region of the concave face of the auricle and the acoustic pore on the day of inclusion and after the end of the therapy institution, when the OTIS3 score reached a total value ≤3. At the end of the treatment, there was a significant difference in the mean temperature of the concave surface of the auricle when compared to the temperature before starting the treatment (p<0.001). When individually evaluating the 48 ears, it was found that in the acoustic pore there was a reduction in 27, an increase in 16 and five remained unchanged. On the concave surface of the auricle, 36 reduced mean temperatures, 10 increased their temperature and two remained unchanged. When classified by the time of evolution, there was a reduction in the mean values of the mean temperatures of the acoustic pore and concave face of the ear, but only chronic otitis media showed statistical significance. The averages of the temperature deltas showed that in the concave face of the auricle of the chronic cases there was a greater amplitude of variation between the temperatures before and after the treatment. There was no correlation between temperature reductions and OTIS3. Thermography proved to be promising, mainly using the concave face of the auricle as the evaluation site, and in otitis with chronic evolution, although it has not been correlated with OTIS3, so the technique needs to be improved and standardized to be reliable. and reproducible

アジアニ オケル ボゴワシャニホンゴキョウシノ アラタナ ヤクワリ -ボゴワシャセイト ニホンジンセイノ シテンカラ-

日本と日本語教育にとって、アジア地域の重要性はますます高まりつつあるが、この地域では、非母語話者教師による高いレベルの日本語教育が行なわれていることが特徴である。本稿の狙いは、そうしたアジア地域において、母語話者教師は今後どのような役割を果たすべきかを検討することにあり、そのために中国・韓国・台湾・ウズベキスタン・ロシアの中心的な日本語教育機関の有識者に半構造化インタビューを行ない、記述資料にグラウンデッド・セオリーを応用して分析を行なった。その結果、当該地域において母語話者教師には、教育能力、人間性、国際性が、ほぼ等価に期待されていることが判明したが、その背景には「母語話者性（nativeness）」と「日本人性（Japaneseness）」の存在が考えられる。「母語話者性」は、言語規範の象徴として、一般的には肯定的価値を伴うものである。「日本人性」は、「白人性」、すなわち特定マジョリティグループの構造的優位性を表す概念を、転用して使われ始めた用語である。どちらの性質も、母語話者教師が選択的に身につけたものではないが、日本との関係が複雑なアジアでは、絶対的正当性を伴いがちな「母語話者性」が、「日本人性」と結びつき、非母語話者教師に圧迫感を与える場合がある。記述資料の中には、「現地への理解・適応」「謙虚さ」「現地における日本語教育の意義づけ」を求めるものが多かったが、それは発展したアジアの日本語教育が、母語話者に依存し、指導的役割を期待する（森田1983）ものから、母語話者と共存し、母語話者にパートナーシップを期待するものへと変化しつつあることへの表れであろう。従ってアジアにおける母語話者日本語教師の新たな役割とは、「母語話者性」と「日本人性」のもたらす葛藤を越え、しかし、その価値は失うことなく、国際社会の一員として、日本と現地を結び付けていくことだと結論づけられる。Asia is of growing importance for Japan and Japanese language education. A feature of this is the high level of Japanese language education conducted by non―native teachers. The goal of this study is to examine how future native speaking teacher roles should be fulfilled. Semi―structured interviews were conducted with experts from Japanese language education institutions in China, South Korea, Taiwan, Uzbekistan and Russia and were analyzed utilizing Grounded Theory. It was established through this that expectations regarding teaching ability, humanity and internationality among native speaking teachers are almost equal and that“Nativeness” and “Japaneseness” can be considered as background to this. Native speakers are generally associated with positive value as the personification of language standards. “Japaneseness” was incorporated from the term“Whiteness”and is a concept that comprises structural privileges for groups not included in these. This disposition is not something that native speaking teachers have acquired through choice but in an Asia where relations with Japan are complex, “Nativeness” tends to be associated with categorical correctness and bound together with “Japaneseness.” In some cases, this causes feelings of oppression for non―native speaking teachers. In the interviews, there were many requests for “local understanding and adaptation,” “humility” and “placing significance on Japanese education.” It is possible that this arose because the development of Japanese language education in Asia relied on native speakers who were expected to take on instructive roles(Morita 1983)and that there is now an ongoing change toward coexistence and the expectation of a partnership with native speakers. Hence, it can be concluded that the new role of native speaking teachers in Asia is not only to provide their predominant “Nativeness” and “Japaneseness,” and while still maintaining these attributes, to also connect Japan and the country in which they teach as a member of the international community

Genome Information Broker for Viruses (GIB-V): database for comparative analysis of virus genomes

Genome Information Broker for Viruses (GIB-V) is a comprehensive virus genome/segment database. We extracted 18 418 complete virus genomes/segments from the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC, ) by DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ), EMBL and GenBank and stored them in our system. The list of registered viruses is arranged hierarchically according to taxonomy. Keyword searches can be performed for genome/segment data or biological features of any virus stored in GIB-V. GIB-V is equipped with a BLAST search function, and search results are displayed graphically or in list form. Moreover, the BLAST results can be used online with the ClustalW feature of the DDBJ. All available virus genome/segment data can be collected by the GIB-V download function. GIB-V can be accessed at no charge at

ペトリネットを用いた車載ネットワーク通信プロトコル「MOST」のモデル化と解析に関する研究

2022年度修士論文要旨, 情報科学研究科システム科学専攻othe

Doença de Parkinon: revisão de literatura / Parkinson’s Disease: literature review

Introdução: A humanidade passa por um processo de envelhecimento que ocorre devido ao aumento da expectativa de vida, cenário que propicia o aumento do número de pacientes com doenças crônicas e degenerativas, como por exemplo a Doença de Parkinson (DP). Objetivo: Compreender as manifestações clínicas, os critérios diagnósticos e os possíveis tratamentos para a Doença de Parkinson. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica a partir de análise e seleção de artigos e publicações sobre o tema, encontrados nas plataformas: SciELO, Pub Med, LILACS, UpToDate e EBSCO. Foram selecionados 36 artigos da língua portuguesa e inglesa superiores ao ano de 2011. Desenvolvimento: Devido a mudança no perfil epidemiológico no Brasil e no mundo, onde a população tem envelhecido, amplia-se também o número de doenças crônicas como a DP, que e? definida como uma doença degenerativa primária, localizada na substância negra compacta na qual e? sintetizada a dopamina. Apesar de vários avanços relacionados ao tratamento da DP, sua cura ainda não foi encontrada, portanto todos os tratamentos existentes visam o controle dos sintomas com o objetivo de manter o portador com o máximo de autonomia e independência funcional possível, proporcionando assim uma melhor qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Diante disso, é primordial diagnosticar a DP o mais precocemente possível, para iniciar a implementação de terapias e medicações que retardem a evolução da doença e prolonguem o início das limitações, as quais diminuem a qualidade de vida do paciente. 

Effect of processing parameters on the morphology development during extrusion of polyethylene tape: an in-line Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) study

The in-line development of crystalline morphology and orientation during melt extrusion of low density polyethylene (LDPE) tape at nil and low haul-off speeds has been investigated using Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS). The processing parameters, namely haul-off speed and distance down the tape-line have been varied and the resulting crystalline morphology is described from detailed analysis of the SAXS data. Increasing haul-off speed increased orientation in the polymer tape and the resulting morphology could be described in terms of regular lamellar stacking perpendicular to the elongation direction. In contrast, under nil haul-off conditions the tape still showed some orientation down the tape-line, but a shish-kebab structure prevails. The final lamellae thickness (~50 Å) and bulk crystallinity (~20%), were low for all processing conditions investigated, which is attributed to the significant short-chain branching in the polymer acting as point defects limiting lamellae crystal growth