¿La adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea está asociada con el Comportamiento Alimentario y el Apetito Emocional en Mujeres Jóvenes?

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) on eating attitudes and emotional appetite in young females aged 18-24. Methodology: A cross-sectional study (n=306) was conducted on young females. A questionnaire including demographic characteristics, Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), Emotional Eating Questionnaire (EMAQ), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was applied. Daily food consumption was obtained from the 24-hour- food records and used to calculate the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (MAI). The researchers measured the body weight (kg) and height (cm). Results: Half of the participants (50.7%) have low adherence to the MD, moderate in 25.2%, and high in 24.2%. There is no statistical difference in MAI scores between EAT-26 groups (p>0.05). The dieting status was higher (28.2%) in the disordered eating tendencies group compared to the group without disordered eating tendencies (11.1%) (χ2 =12.490, p<0.001). The scores of the negative total scores were higher in the group with disordered eating risk (p=0.004). Conclusions: Young females’ low adherence to Mediterranean Diet might be associated with future health problems. No effect of MAI on disordered eating behavior was determined but EMAQ-negative sub and total scores were determined as a component of EAT-26. Early detection of diet quality and conditions associated with emotional eating disorders is thought to be important in preventing future health problems.Introducción: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos de la adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea (DM) sobre las actitudes alimentarias y el apetito emocional en mujeres jóvenes de 18 a 24 años. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal (n=306) en mujeres jóvenes. Se aplicó un cuestionario que preguntaba sobre características demográficas, Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), Emotional Eating Questionnaire (EMAQ) y el International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). El consumo diario de alimentos se obtuvo de la encuesta de 24 horas. método de registro de alimentos, y se utiliza para calcular el Índice de Calidad de la Dieta Mediterránea (MAI). Los investigadores midieron el peso corporal (kg) y la altura (cm). Resultados: La mitad de las participantes (50,7%) tiene baja adherencia a la DM, moderada en 25,2% y alta en 24,2%. No existe diferencia estadística en el Índice de Calidad de la Dieta Mediterránea entre los grupos del EAT-26 (p>0,05). El estado de dieta fue mayor (28,2%) en el grupo de tendencias alimentarias desordenadas en comparación con el grupo sin tendencias alimentarias desordenadas (11,1%) (χ2 =12,490, p<0,001). Las puntuaciones del total negativo fueron mayores en el grupo con riesgo a trastornos alimentarios (p=0,004). Conclusiones: La baja adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea en mujeres jóvenes podría estar asociada a futuros problemas de salud. No se determinó ningún efecto de MAI sobre el comportamiento alimentario desordenado, pero se determinaron puntuaciones parciales y totales negativas de EMAQ como un componente de EAT-26. La detección temprana de la calidad de la dieta y las condiciones asociadas con los trastornos alimentarios emocionales son importante para prevenir futuros problemas de salud

Evaluation of dietary quality of adolescents using Healthy Eating Index

The aim of this study was to use the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) to assess diet quality and determine the relationship between the HEI-2005 and the energy and nutrient intakes of adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,104 healthy adolescents, mean age of 15.8 ± 1.24 years. Dietary intake was measured with the 24-hour dietary recall method, and dietary quality was assessed by means of the HEI-2005. Diet quality scores ranged from 23.7 to 77.5. The mean score was found to be 51.5 ± 9.07 according to the HEI-2005. There were no differences according to gender; 42.8% had a poor diet and 57.2% had a diet that needs improvement. No subjects had a "good diet". Lower mean subgroup scores were found for whole grains, total vegetables, total fruits, dairy products, and meat and beans. Fruits and vegetables scores were significantly high in girls, whereas sodium, oil, and meat and beans scores were significantly high in boys. Total HEI-2005 scores were increasingly associated with parental education level when age and gender were adjusted. There was a negative correlation between HEI-2005 scores and age, total energy intake, and fat intake. Positive correlation was only observed in the HEI-2005 scores for protein and dietary fibre intakes. Consequently, the overall diet quality and nutritional habits of Turkish adolescents need modification and improvement. In the family, measures should be initiated by the government, including advertisements and campaigns

Examination of vocational competency perceptions of pre-service primary school teachers

Bu çalışmada, sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının mesleki yeterlik algılarının bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma, nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden genel tarama türünde betimsel çalışma ile hazırlanmıştır. Çalışma grubunun belirlenmesinde amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolay ulaşabilirlik ilkesi ve gönüllü katılım esas alınmıştır. Araştırmaya 48 erkek ve 257 kadın olmak üzere toplam 305 öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan veri toplama aracı Koçyiğit, Erdem ve Eğmir (2020) tarafından geliştirilmiş "Öğretmenlik Mesleği Genel Yeterlik Ölçeği"dir. Çalışmada kullanılan demografik bilgiler formu araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanmıştır. Ölçek, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığının 2017 yılında yenilenerek yayımlanan 3 yeterlik alanı, 11 yeterlik ve bu yeterliklere ilişkin 65 göstergeden oluşmaktadır. Beşli Likert tipi olan bu ölçme aracının her bir ifadesi 1-5 arasında 1 asla yapamam, 2 yapamam, 3 kararsızım, 4 yapabilirim, 5 kesinlikle yapabilirim şeklinde olmak üzere derecelendirilmiştir. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin mesleki yeterlik düzeyleri, cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, mezun oldukları lise türü, bölümün tercih sırası, ailede öğretmen olma durumları değişkenleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada verilerin analizinde bağımsız örneklem t testi, One Way ANOVA, Post Hoc, Bonferroni, Tamhane, Welch testleri uygulanmıştır. Mevcut çalışmada ölçeğin güvenirlik katsayısı .98 olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının öğretmenlik mesleği genel yeterliklerine ilişkin puan ortalamalarında cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, ailede öğretmen olma durumu, meslek tercih sırasına göre anlamlı fark ortaya çıkmazken; mezun olunan lise türü bakımından anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Mevzuat bilgisi yeterlik alanında erkek öğretmen adaylarının kendilerini daha yeterli algıladıkları görülmüştür. Ayrıca yine mevzuat bilgisi yeterlik alanında ailesinde öğretmen olan öğretmen adaylarının olmayanlara göre kendilerini daha yeterli gördükleri sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır.This study aims to examine the vocational competence perceptions of pre-service primary school teachers in terms of some variables. The research was prepared with a descriptive study in the general survey type, one of the quantitative research methods. Convenient sampling, which is one of the purposeful sampling methods, and voluntary participation was used as sampling strategy. A total of 305 teacher candidates, 48 male and 257 female, participated in the research. The data collection instrument developed by Koçyiğit, Erdem and Eğmir ( date) "Teaching Profession General Competence Scale" was used in the research Demographic information form was prepared by the researcher. The scale consists of 65 items. The scale items covers 3 competence areas, 11 competences and 65 indicators mentioned in Teacher Competencies published by Ministry of Education (2017). Each statement of this measurement tool, which was created in the form of a five-point Likert-type scale, was graded as 1 (I never can), 2 (I can't), 3 (I'm undecided), 4 (I can), 5 (I can definitely do). Gender, class level, type of graduated high school, preference order of their profession and whether there is a teacher in their family were used as demographic information. Independent sample t-test, One Way ANOVA, Post Hoc, Bonferroni, Tamhane, Welch tests were used in the analysis of the data. The reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be .98 in the current study. As the result it was found that there was no significant difference in the mean scores of the teacher candidates regarding the general competencies of the teaching profession, according to gender, class level, being a teacher in the family, and the order of preference of the profession; while a significant difference was found according to the type of high school they graduated from. It has been observed that male teachers perceive themselves more competent in the field of legislative knowledge competency. In addition, it has been seen that those who have a teacher in their family perceive themselves more competent in the field of legislative knowledge competency compared to those who do not

The effects of bariatric surgery on gut microbiota in patients with obesity: a review of the literature

Obesity is a disease with a rapidly increasing prevalence all over the world in recent years. Genetic and environmental factors are involved in the etiology of obesity, and the effect of microbiota on obesity is becoming increasingly clear. Obesity treatment has various treatment modalities such as behavior modification, medical nutrition therapy, physical activity enhancement, and surgical intervention. When other treatment methods are not successful, bariatric surgery is usually resorted to as the treatment method. Some changes such as food choices, the level of hormones and enzymes due to anatomical changes, pH of the stomach, and microbiota are observed after bariatric surgery. Alteration in the microbiota composition after bariatric surgery has also been reported to be important in achieving body weight loss and preserving body weight loss

Does increasing meal frequency improve weight loss and some biochemical parameters in overweight/obese females?

Introduction: despite the positive effects of frequent meals on obesity treatment, there have been no definite conclusions on the matter. Objective: the aim of this study is to determine the effects of different meal frequencies on weight loss, body composition and some biochemical parameters of overweight or obese females. Methods: sixty-five adult overweight or obese females were recruited from the Endocrine Department of Ankara Gülhane Education and Research Hospital. Individualistic weight-loss diet programs were implemented (three meals/day for one group and six meals/day for the other group) with a three-month follow-up. Anthropometric measurements and 24-hour dietary records were taken for each week during the study period. Some biochemical parameters (lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin) were analyzed at the beginning and at the end of the study. Results: forty-three participants finished the study period. Body weight, body mass index, fat mass (kg), fat mass percentage (%), and waist circumference (cm) decreased significantly in both groups (p 0.05). Only serum fasting insulin levels decreased significantly in the six meals/day group (p 0.05). Only the decrease in fasting insulin levels in the six-meal group was found higher than that of the three-meal group. Conclusion: in conclusion, body weight, body composition, and lipid profiling are not affected by the number of meals when weight-loss diets are prepared with adequate energy restrictions and sufficient and balanced nutrition

A nutritional approach to microbiota in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor impairment and the accumulation of alpha-synucleinopathy (alpha-syn), which can affect different levels of the brain-gut axis. There is a two-way communication between the gastrointestinal tract, and brain that includes the gut microbiota. This bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the brain includes many pathways, such as immune mechanisms, the vagus nerve, and microbial neurometabolite production. The common cause of constipation in PD is thought to be the accumulation of alpha-syn proteins in the enteric nervous system. Recent studies have focused on changes in microbial metabolites and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Microbiota dysbiosis is associated with increased intestinal permeability, intestinal inflammation, and neuroinflammation. Many factors, such as unbalanced nutrition, antibiotic use, age, and infection, result in alteration of microbial metabolites, triggering alpha-syn accumulation in the intestinal mucosa cells. Increased evidence indicates that the amount, type, and balance of dietary macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats); high consumption of vegetables, fruits, and omega-3 fatty acids; and healthy diet patterns such as the Mediterranean diet may have a great protective impact on PD. This review focuses on the potential benefits of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics to regulate microbiota dysbiosis along with the effect of diet on the gut microbiota in PD

Does increasing meal frequency improve weight loss and some biochemical parameters in overweight/obese females?

Introduction: despite the positive effects of frequent meals on obesity treatment, there have been no definite conclusions on the matter. Objective: the aim of this study is to determine the effects of different meal frequencies on weight loss, body composition and some biochemical parameters of overweight or obese females. Methods: sixty-five adult overweight or obese females were recruited from the Endocrine Department of Ankara Gulhane Education and Research Hospital. Individualistic weight-loss diet programs were implemented (three meals/day for one group and six meals/day for the other group) with a three-month follow-up. Anthropometric measurements and 24-hour dietary records were taken for each week during the study period. Some biochemical parameters (lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin) were analyzed at the beginning and at the end of the study. Results: forty-three participants finished the study period. Body weight, body mass index, fat mass (kg), fat mass percentage (\%), and waist circumference (cm) decreased significantly in both groups (p < 0.05), while fat free mass (kg) and body water (l) did not change significantly (p > 0.05). Only serum fasting insulin levels decreased significantly in the six meals/day group (p < 0.05). Whatever the differences between the initial and final values of body weight, body composition, and biochemical parameters, they were similar between the groups (p > 0.05). Only the decrease in fasting insulin levels in the six-meal group was found higher than that of the three-meal group. Conclusion: in conclusion, body weight, body composition, and lipid profiling are not affected by the number of meals when weight-loss diets are prepared with adequate energy restrictions and sufficient and balanced nutrition

The association of anthropometric measurements and lipid profiles in Turkish hypertensive adults

Background: Few studies have associated anthropometric measurements and lipid profile with hypertension in adult populations and to the best of our knowledge none has been done in Turkey Objectives: To relate anthropometric derivatives of overweight/obesity with hyperlipidemia status in a group of Turkish hypertensive adults. Methods: Six hundred forty nine (307 male, 342 female) hypertensive adults aged between 20 and 64 yearswere included in the study. Results: The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) of participants were measured as 147.6±17.2 and 91.4±10.4 mmHg for males and 149.9±16.3 and 91.1±9.4 mmHg for females, respectively. With respect to BMI classification systolic BP was significantly higher in obese males and females, and diastolic BP was only higher in obese females (p<0.05). According to BMIs for lipid profile, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) levels were found to be lower in normal females than other BMI groups. Age and waist circumference (WC) in particular was the most related factor for systolic and diastolic BP in both genders (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study indicates most hypertensive adults surveyed were overweight and obese. Furthermore, age and WC were the important factors that affects the systolic and diastolic BP in both genders