Pré-esforço em edifícios e obras de arte

O presente relatório de estágio encontra-se inserido no âmbito do Trabalho Final de Mestrado, da área de especialização de Edificações, relativo ao curso de Engenharia Civil, do Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, sobre a execução de Pré-esforço em Edifícios e Obras de Arte. O estágio foi desenvolvido na empresa VSL Sistemas Portugal S.A. - Préesforço, Equipamento e Montagens e teve como objectivo o acompanhamento da subempreitada de aplicação e execução de pré-esforço para três entidades: - Agrupamento complementar de empresas Teixeira Duarte / Zagope - Viaduto de Coina 1; - Lena Construções - Pontão de Coina; - BRITALAR - Hotel Tryp Aeroporto Lisboa. O estágio realizou-se junto do Departamento de Produção, ao nível do acompanhamento dos trabalhos em obra e trabalho administrativo inerente ao mesmo. O objectivo inicial do estágio foi o de interpretar as peças escritas e desenhadas relacionando-as com a aplicação do pré-esforço em obra, conhecer as técnicas e materiais a aplicar nas diferentes fases, relacionando assim, a sua utilização com a prevenção de eventuais patologias.The present report is the final assignment of the master degree in Civil Engineering, Buildings specialization, of ISEL - Lisbon Superior Engineering Institute, about prestressed concrete in bridges, viaducts and buildings. The curricular internship was developed in the company VSL Sistemas Portugal S.A. - Prestressing, Equipment and Assembly, and had as object, the provision of services to: - Teixeira Duarte / Zagope joint venture - Coina 1 Viaduct; - Lena Construções - Coina bridge; - BRITALAR - Tryp Airport Lisboa Hotel. The curricular internship was held in the Production Department, monitoring the work on site and paper work inherent to it. The original purpose of the internship was to interpret the written and drawn documents and survey its application on site, get acquainted with the techniques and materials to be used in the different phases, and correlating its application with the prevention of pathologies

Does harvest residue management influence biomass and nutrient accumulation in understory vegetation of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. plantations in a Mediterranean environment ?

The effect of harvest residue management options on biomass and nutrient accumulation in understory vegetation, as well as the contribution of understory to nutrient cycling, were assessed during the early rotation stage of a Eucalyptus globulus Labill. plantation in Central Portugal. The effects of residue management options on early tree growth were also evaluated. Treatments established at the time of plantation and replicated four times in a simple completely randomised design included removal of harvest residues (R), incorporation of residues into the soil by harrowing (I) andmaintenance of residues on the soil surface (S). Understory biomass was sampled in the spring between 2002 and 2006, and every 2 months between March 2006 and March 2007. The latter samples were stratified into biomass, standing dead mass and litter for net above ground primary production (NAPP) assessment. Samples were oven dried, weighed and analysed for nutrient contents. Results showed that understory standing biomass strongly increased from the first to the third year and that quantities of nutrients accumulated in ground vegetation followed similar patterns between the three treatments. Nutrient accumulation in ground vegetation was greater than in tree biomass until at least the second spring after plantation. Bimonthly sampling revealed treatment R to have the largest amounts of standing biomass, standing dead mass, litter and nutrient immobilisation, while treatment S exhibited the lowest values. NAPP (4th–5th year) was 639, 511 and 362 g m 2 year 1, respectively in R, I and S, corresponding the standing biomass increase to 277, 183 and 143 g m 2 year 1. These values are comparable to those observed for litter fall in similar stands (age and tree density) in the same area. The contribution of ground vegetation to nutrient accumulation in the system was unaffected by harvest residue management methods, but further research is necessary in order to establish whether slash management options influence long term tree growth and vegetation dynamics

Effects of harrowing and fertilisation on understory vegetation and timber production of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. plantation in central Portugal

Harrowing and fertilisation are common practices at middle rotation in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. plantations in Central Portugal. In order to clarify the effects of such practices on understory vegetation and timber production, a field trial was installed in a 5-year-old first rotation eucalyptus plantation, in a region with mixed oceanic and Mediterranean climatic influences. Four treatments that involved harrowing (H), fertilisation (F), harrowing and fertilisation (HF), and control (C) were tested in the study. The treatments were replicated four times and arranged in a simple completely randomised design. Vegetation surveys were performed by the quadrat method in the 3 years following treatments and by the line interception method in the 7th and 8th years. Samples of understory biomass were collected, oven dried and weighed. In treatments with harrowing, the understory vegetation consistently had lower number of species, less plant cover, species diversity, and biomass than the other treatments. The mean total number of species only once reached 10 in H or HF plots, and was always greater than 12 in C and F plots in the first 3 years, but decreased in the 7th and 8th years. In the first 3 years, the understory biomass averaged 30–60 g m 2 in the F and C plots, and never exceeded 13 g m 2 in treatments with harrowing, which corresponded with the proportion of soil coverage by understory vegetation (4–12% in H and HF, and 38–62% in F and C plots). In the 7th and 8th years, differences in the understory biomass were less important, but the control plots consistently had the largest understory biomass. The influence of treatments in timber production was not statistically significant at the end of rotation

Stress des étudiants gradués dans une Université Publique au Nord du Mozambique

O dia-a-dia do estudante no ensino superior é marcado por múltiplas exigências, próprias da vida académica, o que pode ocasionar o aparecimento de stress. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a sintomatologia de stress em estudantes de graduação de uma universidade pública da região norte de Moçambique. A pesquisa envolveu uma amostra de 176 estudantes, sendo 107 do sexo masculino e os restantes 69 do sexo feminino, com a faixa etária de 17 a 53 anos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário sociodemográfico e Inventário de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp e analisados através do pacote estatístico SPSS, versão 25. A análise de dados revelou a presença de stress nas fases de alerta e resistência, com sintomatologia predominantemente de natureza física e psicológica, sendo o perfil de estudantes com maior vulnerabilidade à doença o ser do sexo masculino, ser mais novo, estar no início do curso, ser solteiro, estudar no regime diurno e não possuir vínculo empregatício. Considera-se a necessidade de realização de mais estudos de modo a aprimorar a compreensão do fenómeno de stress nos estudantes e fatores associados, bem como o desenvolvimento de ações preventivas e interventivas.La vida diaria del estudiante en la educación superior está marcada por múltiples demandas, típicas de la vida académica, que pueden causar la aparición de estrés. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los síntomas del estrés en estudiantes universitarios de una universidad pública en el norte de Mozambique. La encuesta incluyó una muestra de 176 estudiantes, 107 hombres y las 69 mujeres restantes, de 17 a 53 años. Los datos se recogieron a través de un cuestionario sociodemográfico y un inventario de síntomas de estrés de Lipp y se analizaron utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 25. El análisis de datos reveló la presencia de estrés en las fases de alerta y resistencia, con síntomas predominantemente físicos y psicológicos, y el perfil de los estudiantes con mayor vulnerabilidad a la enfermedad es masculino, joven, al comienzo del curso. , ser soltero, estudiar en el régimen diurno y no tener relación laboral. Se necesitan más estudios para mejorar la comprensión de los estudiantes sobre el fenómeno del estrés y los factores asociados, así como el desarrollo de acciones preventivas e intervencionistas.The student's daily life in higher education is mark by multiple demands, typical of academic life, which can lead to the emergence of stress. This study aimed to evaluate the symptoms of stress in undergraduate students of a public university in northern Mozambique. The survey involved a sample of 176 students, 107 male and the remaining 69 female, aged 17 to 53 years. Data were collected through a sociodemographic questionnaire and Lipp Stress Symptom Inventory and analyzed using the SPSS version 25 statistical package. Data analysis revealed the presence of stress in the alert and resistance phases, with symptoms predominantly physical and psychological, with the profile of students with greater vulnerability to the disease being male, being younger, being at the beginning of the course, be single, study in the daytime regime and have no employment relationship. Further studies are need to improve students' understanding of stress phenomena and associated factors, as well as the development of preventive and interventional actionsLe quotidian de l’étudiant dans l’enseignament superier est marqué par beaucop d’exigences, propres de la vie académique, le stress. Cet étude a le but d’évaluer la symptomatologie de stress des étudiants gradués dans les universités publiques au nord du Mozambique. L’échantillon de notre recherche est composé de 176 étudiants dont dix du sexe masculin et les autres du sexe feminin, agés de 17 à 53 ans. Pour la collecte des données nous avons utilisé un questionnaire sociodemographique et l’inventaire de Symptomes de Stress de Lipp  analysé à travers l’instrument  statistique SPSS , version 25. Donc, l’analyse des données montre la presence de stress dans les phases d’alerte et resistence avec la symptomatologie de nature physique et psicologique. Cette maladie est plus frequente dans les étudiants du sexe masculin entre autres nous contactons les raisons suivantes÷ être le plus jeune, être en première année du cours, être celibataire, être dans le régime régulier et le problème du chomage. Nous pensons avoir besoin de realiser plus d’études de façon à faire comprendre le phènomene de stress chez les étudiants, les respectives facteurs du probleme aussi bien le développement des actions de prevenction et d’intervenction. &nbsp

Species richness and biomass of understory vegetation in a Eucalyptus globulus Labill. coppice as affected by slash management

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different slash management practices on understory biodiversity and biomass in Eucalyptus globulus coppices in Central Portugal. The experiment consisted of four treatments: (a) removal of slash (R), (b) broadcast over the soil (S), (c) as in S but concentrating woody residues between tree rows (W) and (d) incorporation of slash into soil by harrowing (I). Understory vegetation was surveyed during 1–6, 9, and 10 years, the proportion of soil cover by plant species estimated, and diversity and equitability indexes determined. Above ground understory biomass was sampled in years 2–6, 9, and 10. The highest number of species in most years occurred in plots where slash was removed. Differences between treatments in the proportion of plant soil cover were never significant, whereas differences in diversity index were only occasionally significant and apparently related to the number of species. Thus, differences in the equitability index were not significant. Understory biomass did not decrease during the rotation period, and was usually highest in R and I, and lowest in S, but not significantly different. At the end of the rotation period, understory biodiversity indices and biomass were apparently independent of slash treatment

A review of low-level air pollution and adverse effects on human health: implications for epidemiological studies and public policy

The aim of this study was to review original scientific articles describing the relationship between atmospheric pollution and damage to human health. We also aimed to determine which of these studies mentioned public policy issues

The relative importance of forest cover and patch-level drivers for phyllostomid bat communities in the Amazonian Savannas

Context: Analyze the multiple dimensions of biodiversity under a local and landscape lens in natural habitats, such as Amazonian savannas, is fundamental for the conservation of species and ecosystems. Objectives: We aim to explore how landscape forest cover and patch-level variables affect the patterns of species abundance, functional traits, and taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic α-diversity of Phyllostomid bats in forest patches of the Savannas of Amapá, in both the wet and dry seasons. Methods: We used mist nets to survey bats in 26 forest patches. We also quantified forest cover in buffers of 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 m around each patch, and tree height, basal area, canopy cover, and vegetation clutter in the understorey at the patch level. We used hierarchical partitioning to relate the different indices with our predictor variables. Results: Taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity in the wet season increased with the proportion of forest cover in the 2500 m buffer. Vegetation clutter was negatively related to taxonomic and functional diversity in the wet season. In the dry season, average tree height positively affected taxonomic and functional diversity. Patch-level variables were more important than forest cover in explaining the average functional traits in both seasons. Conclusion: We found seasonal variation in the relationships between components of bat diversity and different drivers. Since both forest cover in the landscape and patch-level variables are important for Phyllostomid bat diversity, conservation plans should consider forest conservation at the landscape level and maintenance of forest patch qualityOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Part of the data used in this study was supported by Neotropical Grassland Conservancy (01098803-5), National Geographic Society (EC59186R-19 and NGS-83254R-20), Bat Conservation International (2434131) and Ruford Foundation (25585-1

Poluição atmosférica e atendimentos por pneumonia e gripe em São Paulo, Brasil

OBJECTIVE: A time series was developed to investigate the effect of air pollution levels on morbidity due to respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and influenza among elderly people from 1996 to 1998. METHODS: Daily data on emergency room visits was collected at the university clinics hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Daily levels of CO, NO2, O3, SO2 and PM10 were obtained from the State Environmental Agency. Daily measures of temperature and relative humidity were obtained from the Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics of the University of São Paulo. Generalized additive Poisson regression models were used to assess the relationship between pneumonia and influenza and air pollution, using the number of emergency room visits as dependent variable and the average daily levels of each pollutant as independent variables. The models were estimated and adjusted by seasonality (non-parametric function), weather, weekdays, motor vehicle circulation curbs periods and daily numbers of non-respiratory hospital admissions. RESULTS: The pollutants O3 and SO2 showed a statistical association with pneumonia and influenza. These associations remained robust when control variables were included. An interquartile range for O3 (38.80 mug/m³) and SO2 (15.05 mu g/m³) increased in 8.07% and 14.5%, respectively, the number of emergency room visits due to pneumonia and influenza. CONCLUSION: The study results suggest that air pollution in the city of São Paulo may promote adverse health effects in elderly people.OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos causados pela poluição atmosférica na morbidade por pneumonia e por gripe em idosos entre 1996 e 1998. MÉTODOS: Foram obtidos dados diários de atendimentos por pneumonia e gripe para idosos em pronto-socorro médico de um hospital-escola de referência no Município de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Os níveis diários de CO, O3, SO2, NO2 e PM10 foram obtidos na Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental, e os dados diários de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar foram obtidos no Instituto Astronômico e Geofísico da USP. Para verificar a relação existente entre pneumonia e gripe e poluição atmosférica, utilizou-se o modelo aditivo generalizado de regressão de Poisson, tendo como variável dependente o número diário de atendimentos por pneumonia e gripe e como variáveis independentes as concentrações médias diárias dos poluentes atmosféricos. A análise foi ajustada para sazonalidade de longa duração (número de dias transcorridos), sazonalidade de curta duração (dias da semana), temperatura mínima, umidade média, períodos de rodízio e os atendimentos por doenças não-respiratórias em idosos. RESULTADOS: O3 e SO2 estão diretamente associados à pneumonia e à gripe, independentemente das variáveis de controle. Porém, na análise conjunta, eles perdem sua significância estatística. Pôde-se observar que um aumento interquartil (25%-75%) para o O3 (38,80 mig/m³) e SO2 (15,05 mig/m³) levaram a um acréscimo de 8,07% e 14,51%, respectivamente, no número de atendimentos por pneumonia e gripe em idosos. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que a poluição atmosférica promove efeitos adversos para a saúde de idosos