Ein Softwarepaket zur Lösung von statisch-diskreten Standortallokationsproblemen

Series: Research Reports of the Institute for Economic Geography and GIScienc

Namen und Informationsmodellierung in frühneuhochdeutschen Bergbaudokumenten

Names perform a key function in texts: through their direct reference to extra-linguistic objects, they provide immediate information about who is doing what, who is affected by what, and about the places involved. Thus, names also play a key role in the computer-based processing of texts. For the use of semantic technologies, names and definite descriptions must be marked up in texts. This set of references to extra-linguistic objects is largely subsumed beneath the term ‚named entities‘ (NE) in information technology. This paper discusses, first, the technical processes, methods and possible ways of representing the contexts of large sets of names/named entities and, second, the challenges posed by allonymic and orthographic variants of names in text processing. Third, the substantive focus is on the differentiation between name and definite description in the Early High German mining documents „Schwazer Berglehenbuch“ and „Verleihbuch der Rattenberger Bergrichter“, which provide information on individuals, places, mines and dates linked by the legal act of lending

Information Integration in a Mining Landscape

The integration of information sources is a fundamental step to advance research and knowledge about the ancient mining landscape of Schwaz/Brixlegg in the Tyrol / Austria. The approach is applied for the localization, identification and interpretation of mining structures within the area. We want to show the use of the CIDOC CRM ontology with extensions in combination with a thesaurus to integrate data on a conceptual level. To implement this integration, we applied semantic web technologies to create a knowledge graph in RDF (Resource Description Framework) that currently represents the available information of seven different information sources in a network structure. More sources will be integrated using the same methodology. These are geochemical analysis of artefacts, onomastic research on names related to mining and archaeological information of other mining areas to research the spread of prehistoric mining activities and technologies. The RDF network can be queried for research, cultural or emergency response questions and the results can be displayed using Geoinformation systems. An exemplary archaeological research question is the location of mining, settlement and burial sites in the Bronze Age, differentiating between ore extraction, ore processing and smelting activities. For emergency forces the names and exact locations of mines are essential in case of an accident within an old mine. Different questions require a subset of the created knowledge graph. The results of queries to retrieve specific information can be visualised using appropriate tools

Miners and mining in the Late Bronze Age: a multidisciplinary study from Austria

The extraction and processing of metal ores, particularly those of copper and tin, are regarded as among the principal motors of Bronze Age society. The skills and risks of mining lie behind the weapons, tools and symbols that drove political and ideological change. But we hear much less about the miners themselves and their position in society. Who were these people? Were they rich and special, or expendable members of a hard-pressed workforce? In this study the spotlight moves from the adits, slags and furnaces to the bones and seeds, providing a sketch of dedicated prehistoric labourers in their habitat. The Mauken miners were largely dependent on imported meat and cereals, and scarcely hunted or foraged the resources of the local forest. They seem to be the servants of a command economy, encouraged to keep their minds on the jo

CIDOC CRM E92 Spacetime Volume Relations

This diagram illustrates the relations of the E92 Spacetime Volume entity of the CIDOC CRM ontology (http://www.cidoc-crm.org/) for Cultural Heritage Documentation

RDF creation pipeline

<p>This is a step-by-sep instruction to create a RDF knowlege graph. Starting from the organized data in spreadsheets to the RDF files and visualization of the KG.</p><p>The steps can be followed using your own data, or provided sample data.</p><p>The installation of the necesary (free) software is explained and the links provided.</p><p>Sample data can be found in a complementary Google Drive folder (links and acces provided) </p&gt

Namen und Informationsmodellierung in frühneuhochdeutschen Bergbaudokumenten

Names perform a key function in texts: through their direct reference to extra-linguistic objects, they provide immediate information about who is doing what, who is affected by what, and about the places involved. Thus, names also play a key role in the computer-based processing of texts. For the use of semantic technologies, names and definite descriptions must be marked up in texts. This set of references to extra-linguistic objects is largely subsumed beneath the term ‚named entities‘ (NE) in information technology. This paper discusses, first, the technical processes, methods and possible ways of representing the contexts of large sets of names/named entities and, second, the challenges posed by allonymic and orthographic variants of names in text processing. Third, the substantive focus is on the differentiation between name and definite description in the Early High German mining documents „Schwazer Berglehenbuch“ and „Verleihbuch der Rattenberger Bergrichter“, which provide information on individuals, places, mines and dates linked by the legal act of lending

Namen und Informationsmodellierung in frühneuhochdeutschen Bergbaudokumenten

Names perform a key function in texts: through their direct reference to extra-linguistic objects, they provide immediate information about who is doing what, who is affected by what, and about the places involved. Thus, names also play a key role in the computer-based processing of texts. For the use of semantic technologies, names and definite descriptions must be marked up in texts. This set of references to extra-linguistic objects is largely subsumed beneath the term ‚named entities‘ (NE) in information technology. This paper discusses, first, the technical processes, methods and possible ways of representing the contexts of large sets of names/named entities and, second, the challenges posed by allonymic and orthographic variants of names in text processing. Third, the substantive focus is on the differentiation between name and definite description in the Early High German mining documents „Schwazer Berglehenbuch“ and „Verleihbuch der Rattenberger Bergrichter“, which provide information on individuals, places, mines and dates linked by the legal act of lending

Comparing and mapping archaeological excavation data from different recording systems for integration using ontologies

Sharing archaeological data across national borders and between previously unconnected systems is a topic of increasing importance. Infrastructures such as ARIADNE aim to provide services that support sharing of archaeological research data. Ontologies such as the CIDOC CRM are an appropriate instrument to harmonize different data structures and thereby support data exchange. Before integrating data by mapping to ontologies it is crucial to establish where the shared meaning of the data lies and to understand the methodology used to record the data. As the largest proportion of archaeological data are derived from excavations or field investigations the initial focus falls on the documentation of these “raw data”. But documentation often varies depending on country-specific guidelines, different excavation methods and technologies, project management requirements, budget, etc. Therefore an analysis of the different recording forms should prove helpful to identify the common meanings of concepts and terms used in archaeological fieldwork. This paper will show first results of research based on the collection of excavation report forms and manuals from different countries which cover a range of fieldwork methodologies (e.g. single context recording, palaeolithic excavations, etc.). The aim is to analyse and compare the different methodologies, the archaeological concepts involved and the data records, perhaps for the first time on an international level. We want to discuss the challenges of integrating different concepts, terms and vocabularies, often in different languages, and whether problems with integrating such archaeological data could be addressed by additional archaeological extensions to the CIDOC CRM