A STUDY ON STUDENTS’ READING HABIT AT STATE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 6 PEKANBARU

ABSTRACT Ika Lisna Hidayati, (2020): A Study on Student’s Reading Habit at The Eleventh Grade of Senior High School 6 Pekanbaru. The aim of this study is to find out the habits of English reading among the students of Senior High School 6 Pekanbaru. The method used in this research is quantitative research and the design is survey study. A questionnaire was used as the instrument of this research. The questionnaire involved six indicators of reading habits: reading frequency, reading materials read, time spend on academic reading, time spend on non-academic reading, motivation in the family environment, and motivation out of the family environment. SPSS Statistics 23 version program was used to analyse the data. The data analysis displayed only a few number of students who have a habit toward English reading. The finding also proved that the frequency of students in reading English materials was less than 25% and students’ reading habit was categorized into less level. Conducting research to gain a broad overview of the reading habits of students, the researcher made suggestions to promote English reading habits among university students, especially the students of Senior High School 6 Pekanbaru. Keywords: Reading, Reading Habits, Survey Stud

In silico Vaccine Design against Dengue Virus Type 2 Envelope Glycoprotein

Dengue fever is caused by the mosquito-borne virus termed (DENV). However, DENV-2 has been identified as the most prevalent amongst the Indonesian pediatric urban population, in contrast with the other four serotypes. Therefore, it is important to reduce severe infection risk by adopting preventive measures, including through vaccine development. The aim of this study, therefore is to use various in silico tools in the design of epitope-based peptide vaccines (T-cell and B-cell types), based on the DENV-2 envelope glycoprotein sequences available. Therefore, in silico methods were adopted in the analysis of the retrieved protein sequences. This technique was required to determine the most immunogenic protein, and is achieved through conservancy analysis, epitope identification, molecular simulation, and allergenicity assessment. Furthermore, B4XPM1, and KAWLVHRQW were identified from positions 204-212, while the 77 to 85 peptide region was considered the most potent T-cell and B-cell epitopes. The interaction between KAWLVHRQW and HLA-C*12:03 occurs with maximum population coverage, alongside high conservancy (96.98%) and binding affinity. These results indicated a potential for the designed epitopes to demonstrate high immunity against DENV-2

Secondary metabolite profiling of four host plants leaves of wild silk moth Attacus atlas L.

Secondary metabolites may affect insect herbivores’ host plant preferences. Attacus atlas L. larvae are known have a wider variety of host plants compared with other members of the Attacus genus. This research compared the metabolic profiles of four A. atlas host plants: keben (Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz), dadap (Erythrina lithosperma Miq.), gempol (Nauclea orientalis L.), and soursop (Annona muricata L.). Leaves were collected from Sawit Sari Research Station, Yogyakarta. Terpenoid was extracted by macerating the leaves in ethyl acetate and subjecting them to GC-MS analysis, while alkaloid, tannin, and flavonoid were extracted through percolation. Total alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids were measured using spectrophotometric analysis. Multivariate data analysis using PAST ver. 3.0 was performed on the GC-MS data. Based on the PCA scatter plot of the GC-MS data, keben leaves were clustered separately from the other three leaves by PC1. Dadap and gempol leaves were clustered together due to the phytol content while caryophyllene was detected only in soursop leaves. Neophytadiene was detected in all of the leaves, suggesting that this terpenoid may serve as a signal to locate the host plants. Keben leaves contained the lowest alkaloids and highest tannins and flavonoids compared with the other leaves. These secondary metabolites may determine the host plant suitability for culturing the A. atlas

Callus Induction from Cotyledon of Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke

Gyrinops versteegii is an endemic plant in eastern Indonesia that produced agarwood with high quality and economic value. This plant has been threatened by overexploitation which leads on decreasing in the natural population. This research aimed to induce in vitro callus formation to support the sustainable utilization of G. versteegii, which in the end, may support plant productivity. Callus induction was investigated using cotyledon and cultured on MS medium supplemented with several combination of plant growth regulators. The observations were done for the number of explants turned into callus and the duration for the first callus formation. The results showed that combination of 3 mg/L NAA + 0.5 mg/L BAP was recorded as the best combination for callus induction (63.63%). Callus with friable structure and bright color are obtained within nine days of incubation and showed the characteristic of embryonic callus. This result is expected to give a significant opportunity to conserve the natural population of G. versteegii

Metabolite profiling of agarwood (Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke) leaves from difference growth locations using Thin Layer Chromatography

Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg) Domke is an agarwood-producing plant originating from Eastern Indonesia. Leaves have antioxidant and anticancer activity due to their secondary metabolites. However, secondary metabolites are strongly influenced by the environment. This study aims to compare the terpenoid, phenolic, and flavonoid profiles of agarwood leaves grown in three locations, namely Bogor, Mataram, and Sambas using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), in order to obtain the most potential agarwood G. versteegii for further development as herbal medicine. Agarwood leaf powder was extracted using Soxhlet with 80% methanol as solvent, followed by liquid-liquid fractionation using chloroform and aquadest. The crude extract and the obtained fraction were subjected to metabolite profiling using TLC. Racing data factors from TLC were analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The results showed that the Mataram sample produced higher yields for both extracts and fractions. TLC detected that the chloroform fraction contained more terpenoids, followed by phenolics and flavonoids, while the aqueous fraction contained the same number of positive bands for terpenoids and phenolics. In terms of origin, the Bogor sample showed six terpenoid positive bands higher than the other samples. A similar pattern was observed in the phenolics, while the flavonoids were the same for all samples. HCA resulted in Mataram being clustered separately from the Bogor and Sambas samples. Agarwood leaves from Mataram cannot be used to replace agarwood leaves from Bogor and Sambas as herbal ingredients

PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA KELAS IV DI MADRASAH IBTIDAYAH AL-MUNAWWARRAH KOTA JAMBI

Skripsi ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang membahas tentang peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning pada pembelajaran matematika kelas IV di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-munawwarah Kota Jambi kecamatan Telanaipura Kota jambi provinsi jambi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning pada pembelajaran matematika materi Mengenal Pecahan kelas IV di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Munawwarah Kota Jambi Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV.1, sedangkan objek penelitian adalah penerapan pembelajaran matematika dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning. Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran matematika materi mengenal pecahan dapat dilihat pada hasil belajar siklus I dengan nilai rata-rata yang didapat siswa 68 dengan jumlah siswa yang berhasil 14 orang siswa (48%), yang belum berhasil 15 orang siswa (51%). Pada siklus II mendapat peningkatan dengan nilai rata-rata yang didapat siswa 77 dengan jumlah siswa yang berhasil 23 orang siswa (79%), yang belum berhasil 6 orang siswa (20%). dan nilai tersebut sudah mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimal (KKM). Dengan demikian dapat dilihat bahwa peningkatan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV.1 pada pembelajaran matematika materi Mengenal Pecahan di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Munawwarah Kota Jambi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Model pembelajaran problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Sukrosa terhadap Kadar Piperin pada Kalus Cabe Jawa (Piper retrofractum Vahl.)

Cabe jawa (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) merupakan tanaman herbal yang mengandung alkaloid utama piperin. Prospek cabe jawa sebagai bahan obat belum didukung oleh ketersediaan bahan baku yang cukup, karena rendahnya produktivitas tanaman. Salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan menerapkan kultur kalus. Kalus dapat memproduksi metabolit sekunder relatif cepat dan berkelanjutan. Efektivitas produksi metabolit sekunder seperti piperin pada kalus dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan konsentrasi sukrosa dalam medium kultur. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi sukrosa pada morfologi kalus, pertumbuhan kalus, dan produksi piperin pada kalus cabe jawa. Medium Murashige and Skoog (MS), dan zat pengatur tumbuh naphtalene asetic acid (NAA) dan benzyl aminopurin (BAP) 1:2 digunakan untuk menginduksi kalus dari daun cabe jawa. Kalus yang terbentuk berwarna hijau muda dan kompak. Kalus disubkultur selama 35 hari pada medium MS dengan konsentrasi sukrosa 30 g/L, 40 g/L, 50 g/L, dan 60 g/L. Setelah inkubasi warna kalus berubah dengan tekstur tetap kompak. Berat segar dan berat kering dari kalus menurun dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi sukrosa. Piperin pada kalus diekstraksi dengan etanol 96% dan diukur kadarnya dengan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT)-Densitometri. Peningkatan konsentrasi sukrosa pada medium kulur tidak berpengaruh pada kadar piperin dari kalus cabe jawa.

Effect of Growth Factor In Callus Induction and Bioactive Compounds In Seed Explant of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix DC.)

Our previous study showed that kaffir lime leaf extracts may have anti-cancer properties. However, production of  bioactive compounds is affected by environmental factors. Here, we present a method to control environmental conditions using in vitro culture techniques such as callus induction. Calluses were induced from seed embryo explants of kaffir lime on MS medium with combinations of 2,4-D and BAP at concentrations 1:0.5; 1:1; and 2:1, respectively. Fourty and 60 days-old calluses were extracted using chloroform and ethyl acetate and analyzed by GC-MS. Results showed all combinations of 2,4-D and BAP were able to induce callogenesis from seed embryo explants of kaffir lime with no significant differences of callus initiation time, biomass, morphology and growth rates. However differences were detected in the bioactive compound profiles. In kaffir lime callus, both fatty acids and secondary metabolites were detected. Specifically, in 40 days-old calluses (exponential growth phase) we detected α-pinene and 1.8–cineole in plants treated with 2,4-D: BAP at concentration 1:0.5 and 2:1. In 60 days-old calluses (stationary phase) we detected a number of compounds in plants treated with 2,4-D:BAP at concentrations of 1:0.5 and 2:1, including caryophyllene, linoleoyl chloride, thiogeraniol, stigmasterol, clianosterol, citronellal, neo-isopulegol, citronellol, geraniol, eugenol, cyclopropane, pristane, elemol and farneso

Anti-hypercholesterolemia, Anti-atherogenic, and Anti-hypertension Effects of Red Beetroot (<i>Beta vulgaris</i> L.) in Rats Induced by High Fat and Fructose Diet

Metabolic syndrome is associated with abnormalities of lipid levels in the blood such as hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia conditions can increase the risk of atherosclerosis and hypertension. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is a plant that contains high antioxidants. Beetroot has the potency to be used as a functional food that can reduce the potential for atherosclerosis and blood pressure. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of beetroot-enriched feed on the cholesterol level, atherogenic index and blood pressure of rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) induced by high fat and fructose diet. As many as 25 rats were divided into control, hyperlipidemia, and three treatment groups. The hyperlipidemia and treatment groups were induced to become hyperlipidemia using AIN93-M modified high fat and fructose feed for 8 weeks. The treatment groups were followed by intervention with 6, 9, and 12% beetroot enriched feed for 6 weeks. The feed was prepared by mixing beetroot flour in the pellets. Blood pressure, total cholesterol, and HDL level measurement was conducted after hyperlipidemia induction and after the intervention. The data analyzed with one-way ANOVA, DMRT, and T-Test. The results showed that 6% beetroot intervention have the highest increasing of HDL-cholesterol than other groups. The 9% beetroot intervention significantly decrease total cholesterol lower than normal baseline, and 12% beetroot intervention significantly decrease blood pressure than other groups. The atherogenic index of all treatment group was decreased. The 9% beetroot enriched feed was seen as an optimum dose to reduce total cholesterol, atherogenic index and blood pressure and increase HDL-cholesterol

Implementasi Inovasi Budidaya Stroberi di Agrowisata Banyuroto Kabupaten Magelang Melalui Education for Sustainable Development

The cultivation of strawberry needs of technological innovation to gain competitive advantage strawberry fruit quality and quantity. This is motivated because the decline in the production of strawberries in the area and quality of strawberry fruit is still low. Since 2012 until now, Laboratory of Genetics has identified and developed the character of phenotype and genotype of strawberry plants in Agro Banyuroto, Village Banyuroto Sawangan District of Magelang regency. Character genotypes studied through the identification of ploidy with cytogenetic approach and apply poliploidisasi technology that aims to double the number of sets of chromosomes in order to obtain a plant that has the character of superior phenotype compared with the control. The purpose of this activity was to awaken the capacity of communities that were able to develop and utilize natural resources to meet human needs while maintaining the environmental implementing action plans that lead to sustainable development in a sustainable manner. The method was executed in this activity was the cultivation of strawberries by exploiting natural resources Banyuroto village environment that was using bamboo, strawberry cultivation techniques with vertikultur systems. Moreover, the carrying capacity was also supported by the promotion of village tourism as central region Banyuroto strawberry cultivation of strawberries superior to tourists every week, promotion through Online system (in the network) by utilizing Information Technology and Computing and community empowerment with the diversification of food made from strawberries. The end result of this activity was obtained hallmarks of crops polyploidy were plant growth faster, the ability of the formation of stolons and nursery faster, leaf area and stem diameter was wider, the stem stout and roots were longer, the fruit produced was greater and a sweeter taste with more red fruit color. Innovation strawberry crop is expected to be followed by the cultivation of sustainable optimal as possible so that the results obtained are able to improve the welfare of farmers in Banyuroto strawberries