Las llamadas sucesiones vacantes en el Reglamento (UE) 650-2012 del Parlamento europeo y del Consejo de 4 de julio de 2012

El presente trabajo trata de presentar los problemas que en relación con las llamadas sucesiones vacantes plantea el Reglamento (UE)  650/2012 del Parlamento europeo y del Consejo de 4 de julio de 2012 relativo a la competencia, la ley aplicable, el reconocimiento y la ejecución de las resoluciones, a la aceptación y la ejecución de los documentos públicos en materia de sucesiones mortis causa y a la creación de un certificado sucesorio europeo. El cambio de criterio de la nacionalidad por el de la residencia habitual a los efectos de determinar la ley aplicable a la sucesión, la referencia a la vinculación más estrecha, la professio iuris o elección de la ley aplicable a la sucesión por el propio causante y los problemas de derecho interregional que son particularmente intensos en el caso español sobre todo si se tiene en cuenta que en las legislaciones territoriales se sustituye el llamamiento al Estado por la correspondiente Comunidad autónoma, plantean nuevas situaciones a las que no siempre da adecuada respuesta la nueva normativa europea

Theoretical study of mechanisms for the hydrolytic deamination of cytosine via steered molecular dynamic simulations

Se obtuvieron perfiles de energía libre de Gibbs de la deaminación de la citosina asistida por una molécula de agua en un medio acuoso discreto mediante la aplicación de simulaciones de la dinámica molecular dirigida (SMD). Se consideraron dos vías para explicar el mecanismo de este proceso, en el que la molécula de agua ataca el enlace C-N para dar un intermedio (una estructura amino-hidroxi-oxo en la vía A, y una hidroxi-oxo en la vía B) como paso determinante de la reacción. Las estructuras estacionarias a lo largo de ambos perfiles de energía se analizaron a nivel de la dinámica molecular, obteniendo estados con energías libres más altas que las de los cálculos electrónicos en la fase gaseosa y en la solución descrita como medio continuo. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, la vía A más compleja, con cinco pasos, fue cinéticamente la más favorable (con una energía de reacción endergónica de 7,41 kcal mol-1, una barrera alta de 67,53 kcal mol-1, y una pequeña constante de velocidad k2 = 1,80 × 10-37 s-1), concluyendo que la base uracilo puede participar en una mutación genética espontánea ya que el complejo uracilo-amónico tiene una larga vida útil de 6. 10 × 1027 s. Este proceso resulta exergónico y más rápido cuando se lleva a cabo en simulación de la fase gaseosa o en cálculo electrónico con un medio continuo, debido a la desaparición de las moléculas de agua explícitas que pueden competir con la molécula auxiliar.Gibbs free energy profiles of the cytosine deamination assisted by a water molecule in a discrete aqueous medium were obtained by the application of Steered Molecular Dynamic (SMD) simulations. Two pathways were considered to explain the mechanism of this process, where the water molecule attacks the C–N bond to give an intermediate (an amino–hydroxy–oxo structure in the A-path, and a hydroxy–oxo in the B-path) as the determinant step of reaction. Stationary structures along both energy profiles were analyzed at molecular dynamics level, obtaining states with higher free energies than those from electronic calculations in the gas phase and in solution described as a continuous medium. From the results obtained, the more complex A-pathway, with five steps, was kinetically the most favorable (with an endergonic reaction energy of 7.41 kcal mol−1, a high barrier of 67.53 kcal mol−1, and a small velocity constant k2 = 1.80 × 10−37 s−1), concluding that the uracil base can participate in a spontaneous genetic mutation since the uracil–ammonia complex has a long lifetime of 6.10 × 1027 s. This process turns out exergonic and faster when carried out in gas phase simulation or electronic calculation with a continuous medium, due to the disappearance of explicit water molecules that can compete with the assistant molecule.peerReviewe

High Performance Algorithms and Implementations Using Sparse and Parallelization Techniques on MBS

In this paper we will see how the efficiency of the MBS simulations can be improved in two different ways, by considering both an explicit and implicit semi-recursive formulation. The explicit method is based on a double velocity transformation that involves the solution of a redundant but compatible system of equations. The high computational cost of this operation has been drastically reduced by taking into account the sparsity pattern of the system. Regarding this, the goal of this method is the introduction of MA48, a high performance mathematical library provided by Harwell Subroutine Library. The second method proposed in this paper has the particularity that, depending on the case, between 70 and 85% of the computation time is devoted to the evaluation of forces derivatives with respect to the relative position and velocity vectors. Keeping in mind that evaluating these derivatives can be decomposed into concurrent tasks, the main goal of this paper lies on a successful and straightforward parallel implementation that have led to a substantial improvement with a speedup of 3.2 by keeping all the cores busy in a quad-core processor and distributing the workload between them, achieving on this way a huge time reduction by doing an ideal CPU usag

Use of patent databases as a tool for technology watch

Given the importance of innovation and technology development in a country’s economy, there has been an increasing need for selecting indicators to measure the degree of innovation of its companies. The indicators related to patents offer an excellent measure of this capability and can be used as an important source of information by innovative organizations, although the studies assessing this utility are scarce. This study, conducted throughout 2007, proposes a technology watch oriented analysis of the level of use of patent databases from more than 500 Spanish companies that have issued at least one patent in the period 1988-1998, followed by discussion of the study results. The analysis took into account global data, company size and sector of activit

Elaboration of a Feasibility Analysis of the Husipi Tabruna Project for the Creation of Hydroponic Gardens in the City of Quito Elaboración de

The emergence of new social problems has brought about a proliferation of alternative issues that must be solved and mitigated immediately. One such issue is the complication faced by the inhabitants of larger cities in acquiring healthy agricultural produce at an affordable price. Thus, the present investigation seeks to demonstrate the feasibility of offering hydroponic orchards in the city of Quito – the city with the second largest urban agglomerations in Ecuador according to the VII Population Census and VI Housing Census carried out on November 28, 2010. The objective of this research was to develop a feasibility project for the supply of customized hydroponic gardens in the city of Quito through related studies and analyses, and thereby being able to satisfy the need for organic and healthy produce. A field and documentary research was conducted and data were extracted directly from the inhabitants of Quito. Additional information was collected through the main national databases. The results obtained through comparative analysis showed that offering hydroponic gardens in the city of Quito is feasible. Keywords: social problem, feasibility study, hydroponic gardens, Quito, organic products. Resumen Con la presencia de nuevas problemáticas sociales, se ha visto la proliferación de alternativas que han buscado la solución o mitigación de las mismas. De ello, se ha podido desatacar en las grandes urbes la complejidad para que sus habitantes adquieran productos agrícolas saludables y a un precio asequible, lo cual ocupó a la siguiente investigación para evidenciar la factibilidad de la oferta de huertos hidropónicos en la ciudad de Quito, siendo la urbe la segunda con mayores aglomeraciones urbanas del Ecuador según el VII Censo de Población y VI de Vivienda, realizado el 28 de noviembre de 2010. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo desarrollar un proyecto de factibilidad de la oferta de huertos hidropónicos personalizados en la ciudad de Quito mediante estudios y análisis que coadyuvaron a la determinación de la factibilidad, con ello poder satisfacer la necesidad de cultivos de productos orgánicos y saludables. El presente documento se ha desarrollado a través de la investigación de campo y documental, debido a que se han extraído datos directamente de la realidad de los habitantes de Quito y, por otra parte, se recabó información en bases en las principales bases de datos del país. Los resultados obtenidos de los estudios realizados permitieron determinar, a través del análisis comparativo, que el ofertar huertos hidropónicos en la ciudad de Quito es factible. Palabras Clave: problema social, estudio de factibilidad, huertos hidropónicos, Quito, productos orgánicos

Análisis de tres metodologías en la enseñanza del urbanismo

En los últimos años se han producido múltiples avances en relación a la implantación de nuevas metodologías docentes dedicada a la impartición de asignaturas en el campo de la arquitectura y el urbanismo. Estas metodologías se encuentran avaladas por especialistas del ámbito de la pedagogía y la psicología, y su número de adeptos aumenta de forma considerable con el paso del tiempo. No obstante, dentro de estos campos es difícil encontrar estudios que consideren en profundidad la opinión de los agentes que intervienen en dichas metodologías, es decir: alumnado y profesorado. El objetivo de este artículo es conocer la opinión de estos agentes en la asignatura Proyecto de Desarrollo Urbano, impartida en la E.T.S. de Ingeniería de Edificación de la Universidad de Granada, tras la utilización de las tres metodologías más usadas en la docencia universitaria, y posteriormente, relacionar dichos datos con la mejora de sus competencias a través de los resultados obtenidos en su evaluación.Teaching methodologies of the subjects of architecture and urbanism have evolved in the late years along with the advances endorsed by specialists in pedagogy and psychology. The number of their followers is increasing. However, it is difficult to find, within these fields, studies that deepen taking into account the opinion of the agents that means the main role in these methodologies, i.e.: students and lecturers. The objective of this article is to know the opinion about the subject of Urban Development Project, lectured in the H.T.S. of Building Engineering of the University of Granada, using the three most important methodologies of university teaching: masterly lesson, flipped classroom and project-based learning. Later it should be related these data with the improvement of their competences through the results obtained through its evaluation

Parallel urban developments: Leonardo Da Vinci - Étienne Cabet

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) encarna el ideal humanista del saber universal y es considerado como uno de los artistas y genios del Renacimiento. Es más conocido como pintor aunque realizó excelentes aportaciones a la arquitectura, a la morfología urbana y a la restauración. Su estudio de mayor importancia, en el campo de los estudios urbanos, es Cittá idéale donde expone la organización de una nueva ciudad que rompe con los sistemas urbanos tradicionales; esta obra presenta grandes similitudes con la ciudad utópica de Icara, descrita por Étienne Cabet (1788-1856) en su novela Voyage en Icarie publicada en París en 1840. Muestra las similitudes entre ambas propuestas publicadas en distintos ámbitos geográficos, con una diferencia de 355 años y cuyo único nexo es la ciudad de París.Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) personifies the ideal humanist of the universal knowledge. He is also considered to be as one of the Renaissance geniuses and artists. His most known dimension is that of a painter, although to a lesser extent he contributed excellently to the fields of architecture, urban morphology and rehabilitation. His greatest study within the urban studies is his cittá idéale where he exposes his idea of a new city breaking with the traditional urban models. This one presents similarities with that of the utopic city of Icaria, described by the writer Étienne Cabet (1788-1856), in his novel titled Voyage en Icarie and published in Paris in1840. The current article describes the actual resemblances between both proposals, published in different worlds with a difference of 355 years and with only a connection which is the city of Pari

A Discussion about the Methodology to Validate the Correlations of Heat Transfer Coefficients and Pressure Drop during the Condensation in a Finned-Tube Heat Exchanger

As already demonstrated by others authors, when the performance of a heat exchanger is analyzed, a semi-empirical model allows getting good prediction of the experimental results provided that it is accompanied by the application of the suitable correlations for calculating heat transfer coefficients (HTC) and pressure drop (PD) in both refrigerant and air side. Many correlations for calculating these coefficients are available in literature, therefore choose the more suitable of them turns out to be not an easy task. This paper presents a discussion about the methodology to perform a comparison aimed to define the criterion for choosing the most suitable correlation to be used in a simulation model for prediction of heat exchangers performance in refrigeration systems. Differently from others works, where the results of each correlation are compared with those obtained by means specific experiments focused on the local phenomenon visualization, in this work the correlations are compared against the measurements of a complete finned-tube condenser integrated in a traditional air-to-water heat pump. The comparison has been carried out using a model able to discretize the heat exchanger through a finite volume method (FVM). The discussion is supported with a case study which was experimentally tested and numerically modeled. The condenser is a finned tube coil that characterized by two asymmetric circuits. The tube diameter is 7 mm and the fin pitch is 2.6 mm. The experimental test bench includes a single-speed 34.3 cm3 reciprocating-hermetic compressor, a plate evaporator and an electronic valve as expansion device. An accumulator allow adjusting the condenser sub-cooling. A specific test campaign has been designed in order to cover a wide range operating points of the condenser: different air velocities (from 1.5 m/s to 4 m/s), inlet temperatures (20-46°C) and sub-cooling (0-5-10°C) have been taken into account. All the correlations considered were programmed and simulated with the software IMST-ART. In order to avoid the overlapping of the effects of the different correlations, during the analysis of the two-phase flow, the heat transferred in the one-phase section of the exchanger and the air-side heat transfer coefficient were maintained constant. The analysis of air-side heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop was carried out in the same way but keeping constant the coefficients of the refrigerant side. Different accuracy parameters were defined in order to assist the final decision about which correlation is able to provide the best agreement with experimental data. The paper aims to present a discussion about the validation methodology, the analysis of the correlations impact on the model results rather than define the parameters to choose the best correlation

Indicadores de innovación y productividad en unidades de producción agrícola familiar: sur de México

Innovation is an opportunity to improve productivity and to achieve the development of marginalized communities. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of innovation and productivity factors on the development of family farms (FFs) from marginalized localities in southern Mexico, under the systems approach. The study was non-experimental trans-sectional with a mixed approach and random stratified sampling. The indicator that interacted most with others was the farmer’s profile, defined by the type of crop in the FF that was independent of the locality, through the Kruskal-Wallis test (c2, 0.05) and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results show that FFs with greenhouse tomato innovate the most and generate greater economic satisfaction to the human factor, because of the productive system they implement. The interaction of factors implies the inexistence of knowledge that is strictly from the communities, since innovating and improving production requires a combination of influences, a type of crop and its aim, with the active participation of the farmer.La innovación es una oportunidad para mejorar la productividad y lograr el desarrollo de comunidades margi­nadas. El objetivo fue analizar el efecto de factores de innovación y productividad en el desarrollo de unidades de producción agrícola familiar (UPAF) de localidades marginadas del sur de México, bajo el enfoque de sistemas. La investigación fue de tipo no experimental trans-seccional con enfoque mixto, y muestreo estratificado aleatorio. El indicador que más interactuó con otros, fue el perfil del productor, definido por el tipo de cultivo de la UPAF que resultó independiente de la localidad, por medio de la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis (c2, 0.05) y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultando las UPAF con jitomate en invernadero, las que más inno­van y generan mayor satisfacción económica al factor humano, por el sistema productivo que implementan. La interacción de factores implica la inexistencia de conocimiento que sea estrictamente de las comunidades. Ya que innovar y mejorar productivamente requiere una combinación de influencias, un tipo de cultivo y el fin del mismo, con la participación activa del productor

Tree-ring distinctness, dating potential and climatic sensitivity of laurel forest tree species in Tenerife Island

Producción CientíficaMacaronesian laurel forests are the only remnants of a subtropical palaeoecosystem dominant during the Tertiary in Europe and northern Africa. These biodiverse ecosystems are restricted to cloudy and temperate insular environments in the North Atlantic Ocean. Due to their reduced distribution area, these forests are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances and changes in climatic conditions. The assessment of laurel forest trees’ response to climate variation by dendrochronological methods is limited because it was assumed that the lack of marked seasonality would prevent the formation of distinct annual tree rings. The aims of this study were to identify the presence of annual growth rings and to assess the dendrochronological potential of the most representative tree species from laurel forests in Tenerife, Canary Islands. We sampled increment cores from 498 trees of 12 species in two well-preserved forests in Tenerife Island. We evaluated tree-ring boundary distinctness, dating potential, and sensitivity of tree-ring growth to climate and, particularly, to drought occurrence. Eight species showed clear tree-ring boundaries, but synchronic annual tree rings and robust tree-ring chronologies were only obtained for Laurus novocanariensis, Ilex perado subsp. platyphylla, Persea indica and Picconia excelsa, a third of the studied species. Tree-ring width depended on water balance and drought occurrence, showing sharp reductions in growth in the face of decreased water availability, a response that was consistent among species and sites. Inter-annual tree-ring width variation was directly dependent on rainfall input in the humid period, from previous October to current April. The four negative pointer years 1995, 1999, 2008 and 2012 corresponded to severe drought events in the study area. This study gives the first assessment of dendrochronological potential and tree-ring climate sensitivity of tree species from the Tenerife laurel forest, which opens new research avenues for dendroecological studies in Macaronesian laurel forests.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (projects PID2019-109906RA-I00, PID2020-118444GA-100 and PID2019-106908RA-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (predoctoral contract PRE2018-084106)Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (project CGL2017-87309-P and postdoctoral grant IJC2019-040571-I)Junta de Castilla y León (projects VA113G19 and IR2020-1-UVA08)Universidad de Valladolid (predoctoral contract 113-2019PREUVA22)Comunidad de Madrid (project S2018/EMT-4338