Explorando el potencial alimenticio y nutricional de tres artrópodos amazónicos comestibles

Ensuring food supply and availability, and consequently food safety, on a global scale represents one of the most important challenges of this century. The exploitation of local resources such as invertebrates has been extremely relevant to contribute to food security. However, most research has focused on evaluating the nutritional potential of insects, with very few studies approaching other invertebrate groups. Three types of edible arthropods, the palm weevil larva (Rhynchophorus palmarum), the leaf-cutter ant (Atta laevigata), and the Goliath bird-eating spider (Theraphosa blondi) were studied in the Northern Amazon basin. Eight composite samples of each arthropod were collected and chemically analyzed following the procedures of the Associations of Official Analytical Chemists. Proximate composition analysis was performed to quantify moisture, crude fiber, protein, crude fat, and ash. The energy content was calculated by multiplying the mean values of crude protein by the Atwater factors. All three analyzed arthropod species have high nutritional potential compared with different types of insects and other invertebrates worldwide. Results of nutritional analysis on the three arthropods selected for this study revealed statistically significant differences in their chemical composition. Such values are similar to those of insects from orders Coleoptera and Hymenoptera, with variations of 1377% in protein amounts, 1066% in lipid amounts, and 90500 kcal/100 g in energy content per unit dry weight. We recommend that future research not only demonstrates the nutritional potential of edible arthropods, but also assesses the impact they have on food security.La disponibilidad de alimentos para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria a escala global, representa uno de los desafíos más importantes del presente siglo. Los recursos locales, como el aprovechamiento de invertebrados, han sido de mucha relevancia para contribuir con la seguridad alimentaria. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios ha sido para evaluar el potencial alimentario de los insectos, y muy poco sobre otros grupos de invertebrados. Se estudiaron tres tipos de artrópodos comestibles, larvas de picudo de palma (Rhynchophorus palmarum), hormigas cortadoras de hojas (Atta laevigata) y arañas Goliat come pájaros (Theraphosa blondi) en el norte de la Amazonía. Se colectaron ocho muestras compuestas de cada tipo de artrópodo, y cada muestra se analizó químicamente de acuerdo con los procedimientos de la Associations of Official Analytical Chemists. En el análisis nutricional se determinó el contenido de agua, fibra bruta, proteína, grasa bruta y cenizas. El contenido energético se calculó multiplicando los valores medios de la proteína bruta. Las tres especies de artrópodos analizadas en este estudio tienen un alto potencial nutricional, en comparación con diferentes tipos de insectos y otros invertebrados en todo el mundo. Los resultados de los análisis nutricionales de los tres artrópodos seleccionados para este estudio revelaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en su composición química. Tales valores son similares a los de los insectos de los órdenes Coleoptera e Hymenoptera, con variaciones de 13-77% en las cantidades de proteínas, 10-66% en las cantidades de lípidos, y 90-500 kcal / 100 g en el contenido de energía por unidad de peso seco. Recomendamos que las investigaciones futuras no sólo demuestren el potencial nutricional de los artrópodos comestibles, sino que también evalúen el impacto que tienen en la seguridad alimentaria.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A tentativa de suicídio na população pediátrica, uma alarmante realidade

Este artículo presenta el proceso investigativo que permitió la caracterización clínica de los casos de intento de suicidio, en la población pediátrica atendida en el Hospital Infantil Los Ángeles de Pasto, entre los meses de junio de 2005 y junio de 2011. Se estudiaron 242 historias, a partir de una mirada que incluyó aspectos generales, clínicos y legales, que permitieron conceptualizar el término suicidio. Fue indispensable la descripción de los principales signos y síntomas característicos de aquellas personas que han intentado suicidarse, esto contribuyó a identificar, a través de quince variables, algunas causas posibles para la comprensión del fenómeno. Los resultados evidencian el aumento progresivo de los casos de intento de suicidio en la población pediátrica, en especial en el género femenino, entre las edades de 13 a 16 años; esta situación se ha transformado en un problema muy difícil de tratar, por esta razón, es fundamental seguir investigando, así como también, conformar equipos interdisciplinarios de profesionales, que aborden la problemática, para generar tratamientos pertinentes e integrales para este fenómeno. Este artigo apresenta o processo investigativo que permitiu a caracterizacao clinica dos casos de tentativa de suicidio, na populacao pediatrica atendida no Hospital Infantil “Los Angeles” de Pasto, entre os meses de junho de 2005 e junho de 2011. Materiais e metodos: Estudaram-se 242 historias, a partir de uma olhada que incluiu aspectos gerais, clinicos e legais, que permitiram conceitualizar o termo suicidio. Foi indispensavel a descricao dos principais signos e sintomascaracteristicos de aquelas pessoas que tem tentado se suicidar, isto contribuiu a identificar, atraves de quinze variaveis, algumas causas possiveis para a compreensao do fenomeno. Resultados: Os resultados evidenciam o aumento progressivo dos casos de tentativa de suicidio na populacao pediatrica, especialmente no genero feminino, entre as idades de 13 a 16 anos. Conclusões: esta situacao tem se transformado em um problema muito dificil de tratar, por esta razao e fundamental seguir investigando, assim como tambem conformar equipes interdisciplinares de profissionais, que abordem a problematica para gerar tratamentos pertinentes e integrais para este fenomeno.This article presents the research process that led to the clinical characterization of cases of attempted suicide in the pediatric population treated at the Hospital Infantil Los Angeles in Pasto, between June 2005 and June 2011. Materials and Methods: 242 records were studied, from a perspective of the general — including clinical and legal — aspects, thus allowing a conceptualization of the term suicide. The description of certain signs and symptoms characteristic of those who have attempted suicide was essential in contributing to identify some possible causes for further understanding this phenomenon, based on the study of 15 variables. Results: The results evidence a progressive increase in the cases of attempted suicide in the pedriatic population, particularly in females, and between 13 and 16 years of age. Conclusion: This situation has developed to a problem that is very difficult to treat; for this reason, it is essential to continue researching, as well as to establish interdisciplinary groups of professionals who can address the problem and create relevant and comprehensive treatments regarding this phenomenon

Efectos del entrenamiento de la musculatura inspiratoria sobre la capacidad de realizar ejercicio y la independencia funcional en pacientes con ACV isquémico crónico

88 p.Introducción: El accidente cerebro vascular isquémico (ACV) presenta una alta prevalencia en Chile, genera discapacidad y consecuencias funcionales en toda la musculatura del lado afectado. Los músculos inspiratorios se ven comprometidos disminuyendo su fuerza y resistencia. El entrenamiento de la musculatura inspiratoria ha demostrado ser efectiva en este tipo de pacientes, aumentando la fuerza y resistencia de éstos. Sin embargo, aún no está claro si estas mejorías se traducen en mejoras funcionales y de capacidad de ejercicio. Objetivo: Describir los efectos del entrenamiento de la musculatura inspiratoria (EMI) sobre la capacidad de realizar ejercicio y la independencia funcional en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico crónico. Metodología: diseño descriptivo aplicado a una muestra por conveniencia de 4 pacientes secuelados de ACV isquémico crónico con terapia convencional, MMSE abreviado mayor a 14 puntos y que aceptase libremente en participar en el estudio. Se realizó una intervención de 4 semanas de un EMI con válvula Threshold® IMT al 30% de la presión inspiratoria máxima (PIMAX) 3 veces por semana. Se evaluó pre y post entrenamiento, Presión inspiratoria máxima (PIMAX), Presión inspiratoria máxima sostenida (Pims), Tiempo límite (TL), medida de independencia funcional (FIM) y capacidad de realizar ejercicio (TCI). Resultados: el 75% de los pacientes aumentó la PIMAX, el 100% de los pacientes aumentó el puntaje de la independencia funcional FIM y un 75% aumentó los kilopodios sostenidos en el TCI. Conclusión: EMI, utilizado en este estudio fue capaz de aumentar la independencia funcional y capacidad de realizar ejercicio en pacientes ACV isquémico crónico, participantes en éste estudio. // ABSTRACT: Introduction: Ischemic Stroke (CVA) has a high prevalence in Chile, generates disability and functional consequences in all the muscles of the affected side. Inspiratory muscles are compromised by decreasing their strength and endurance. The training of inspiratory muscles has proven effective in this type of patients, increases the strength and endurance of patients. However, it is still unclear whether these best practices translate into functional improvements and exercise capacity. Objective: To describe the effects of inspiratory musculature training (IMT) on the ability to perform exercise and functional independence in patients with chronic ischemic stroke. Methodology: descriptive design applied to a sample for the convenience of 4 sequenced patients with chronic ischemic stroke with conventional therapy, abbreviated MMSE greater than 14 points and freely accepted to participate in the study. A 4-week intervention of an EMI with Threshold® IMT valve at 30% of maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) was performed 3 times per week. Before and after training, Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), Maximum sustained inspiratory pressure (MSIP), Time limit (TL), measurement of functional independence (FIM) and ability to exercise (IET) were evaluated. Results: 75% of patients affected MIP, 100% of patients affected the FIM functional independence score and 75% of patients affected the kilopods sustained in the IET. Conclusion: IMT, used in this study was able to increase the functional independence and ability to exercise in chronic ischemic stroke patients, participants in this study

Una nueva generación de investigadores valora la obra del historiador

UNA MANERA DE rememorar el legado de un intelectual —en este caso, el del historiador Elías Serra Ràfols— es reflexionar sobre la huella de su contribución y sondear su presencia en la actualidad, cuando ya han transcurrido cinco décadas desde su fallecimiento. Hay muchas formas de verificar su impacto como investigador en la historiografía y la validez de bastantes de sus postulados, aportaciones, metodología, valores humanos… Hemos optado por un cuestionario sometido a la opinión de una variada nómina de jóvenes historiadores e historiadoras, porque son quienes tienen en sus manos el presente y el futuro a medio plazo del quehacer historiográfico sobre Canaria

Protagonismo del mentor en una actividad tutorial de carácter multidisciplinar en Ingeniería

XIX Congreso Universitario de Innovación Educativa en las Enseñanzas Técnicas : Barcelona, 6 a 8 de julio de 2011En la Escuela Politécnica Superior (EPS) de la Universidad de Sevilla se ha trabajado, por tercer curso consecutivo, en un Plan de Acción Tutorial desarrollado por 16 profesores tutores y 20 alumnos mentores de 5 titulaciones de Ingeniería Técnica. El objetivo perseguido en este curso ha sido potenciar actividades que han surgido del propio albedrío de los alumnos mentores, lo que ha dado como resultado la realización de una serie de actividades de mentoría motivadas y dirigidas desde el principio por los alumnos mentores. La actividad conjunta de todos ellos ha llevado a organizar unos subgrupos de mentorías en función de determinadas características del alumnado de primer curso (deportistas, trabajadores, becarios de otras universidades…), a realizar reuniones presenciales de mentores para puesta a punto de estas actividades así como de puesta al día de los resultados que se iban consiguiendo, además de organizar una segunda captación de mentorizados tras las notas del primer cuatrimestre, y la protagonización de una Jornada de Mentoría al final del curso.A third edition with 16 tutorial lecturers and 20 tutorial students from five different degrees (Technical Engineering of the Polytechnical School, EPS, at University of Seville) in a Tutorial Plan development, has been prepared. During the present year, the main characteristic has been a serial of mentoring actions motivated and directed by these mentors. This activity has been organized considering several subgroups of mentoring depending on special characteristics in first year students (sportsplayers, workers, grant holders from other universities…), moreover the organization of a second recruiting of new students after the first term marks, updating meetings for mentors only, and to be main figures in a Congress on Mentoring at the end of the academic year

Tocilizumab in refractory Caucasian Takayasu's arteritis: a multicenter study of 54 patients and literature review

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab (TCZ) in Caucasian patients with refractory Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) in clinical practice. Methods: A multicenter study of Caucasian patients with refractory TAK who received TCZ. The outcome variables were remission, glucocorticoid-sparing effect, improvement in imaging techniques, and adverse events. A comparative study between patients who received TCZ as monotherapy (TCZMONO) and combined with conventional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (cDMARDs) (TCZCOMBO) was performed. Results: The study comprised 54 patients (46 women/8 men) with a median [interquartile range (IQR)] age of 42.0 (32.5-50.5) years. TCZ was started after a median (IQR) of 12.0 (3.0-31.5) months since TAK diagnosis. Remission was achieved in 12/54 (22.2%), 19/49 (38.8%), 23/44 (52.3%), and 27/36 (75%) patients at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. The prednisone dose was reduced from 30.0 mg/day (12.5-50.0) to 5.0 (0.0-5.6) mg/day at 12 months. An improvement in imaging findings was reported in 28 (73.7%) patients after a median (IQR) of 9.0 (6.0-14.0) months. Twenty-three (42.6%) patients were on TCZMONO and 31 (57.4%) on TCZCOMBO: MTX (n = 28), cyclosporine A (n = 2), azathioprine (n = 1). Patients on TCZCOMBO were younger [38.0 (27.0-46.0) versus 45.0 (38.0-57.0)] years; difference (diff) [95% confidence interval (CI) = -7.0 (-17.9, -0.56] with a trend to longer TAK duration [21.0 (6.0-38.0) versus 6.0 (1.0-23.0)] months; diff 95% CI = 15 (-8.9, 35.5), and higher c-reactive protein [2.4 (0.7-5.6) versus 1.3 (0.3-3.3)] mg/dl; diff 95% CI = 1.1 (-0.26, 2.99). Despite these differences, similar outcomes were observed in both groups (log rank p = 0.862). Relevant adverse events were reported in six (11.1%) patients, but only three developed severe events that required TCZ withdrawal. Conclusion: TCZ in monotherapy, or combined with cDMARDs, is effective and safe in patients with refractory TAK of Caucasian origin.Funding: This work was partially supported by RETICS Programs, RD08/0075 (RIER), RD12/0009/0013 and RD16/0012 from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII) (Spain)

The urban project. The end of degree project

Ésta es una publicación que explica nuestra experien¬cia docente en la invención de estrategias para el territorio urbano, basadas en el proyecto como instrumento de in¬tervención; un método que presenta características de los planes a la vez que de los proyectos arquitectónicos, con ideas que van más allá del artefacto que proponen y del lugar estricto en que se implantan. Comoquiera que este libro se dedica a presentar los pro¬yectos fin de carrera de los estudiantes de Arquitectura que han elegido elaborar propuestas que siguen esta línea arquitectónico-urbanística. Desde nuestra joven Escuela de Arquitectura de Granada, quisiéramos ver arraigar y desarrollar algunos de los atributos que se presentanen el prólogo de Joan Busquets, destacado urbanista y pro¬fesor. Obviamente, la generosa autoriza-ción para publicar este texto, quiere significar para noso¬tros, y así lo sugerimos a nuestros alumnos y lectores, una referencia de calidad para seguir profundizando y mejoran¬do en el camino emprendido. Que no es otro que el empeño de contribuir al bienestar más igualitario de los ciudadanos en los territorios en que transcurren sus vidas. The implication of the University in the problems of the so¬ciety and the territory of its environment and of its time, constitutes a major exigency more the university institution spreads toal most all the cities of our country, all more cons¬cience is of that the knowledge is an essential vector of our time and major they are the requirements of innovation to face the emergent problems of extensive urbanization and environmental deterioration. Thisuniversitycommitmentwithitsenviromentissufficientlyrecognizedwhenonespeaksaboutinvestigation but is re comforting also to recognize it in educational efforts like that here we preface. The teaching is formation of human resources and frame of possible confluence of universal concepts with the local conditions. To the margin of this confrontation of generic values with a few historical - social precise and local needs, those resources would not conform as share capital, as so¬lidary with a collective project. In these publications of the a Area of Urban development and Land management of one of its years in the Technical Top School of Architecture, it is necessary to admit this effort of commitment between the global thing and the lo¬cal thing, between the knowledge and the practice, between culture and society. It is necessary to recognize, to support its continuity and contagious diffusion it and it be grateful to all by those, teachers and pupils, who have collaborated both in the curses and in the publications.Junta de Andalucía y Universidad de Granad

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group