Comunidades de aprendizaje con inclusión en personas con NEE

En el presente estudio se ha abordado contenidos, observaciones, actividades, etc., a través de una investigación cualitativa, de la cual se extrae bastantes conocimientos sobre el caso a estudiar, focalizando la información más relevante a seleccionar. Se centra en el estudio de casos dentro de un contexto escolar que se trabaja con comunidades de aprendizaje, el cual está empezando a funcionar en muchos centros educativos. Los centros educativos con comunidades de aprendizaje destacan entre otros por la participación activa durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, así pueden ser, los familiares, voluntarios, profesionales…, en el que se hace evidente la importancia y utilización del aprendizaje dialógico. Además de adentrarnos en el progreso que ha presenciado la educación actual, en el presente trabajo se aborda la inclusión de personas con necesidades educativas específicas dentro del aula ordinaria, dónde son los mismos compañeros de colegio los que propician a dar un paso más para llegar a una inclusión sostenida y efectiva sobre las personas que necesitan un mayor apoyo educativo. En concreto se realiza una metodología de estudio de casos, a través de una investigación en profundidad sobre los diferentes contextos que interfieren en la vida diaria, y en determinados aspectos a cumplir. Se puede mencionar que en el presente estudio de casos a abordar, se estudia en concreto, el caso de una niña escolarizada en primero de primaria que presenta autismo y su inclusión en el centro educativo.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Educación Primari

The use of non-animal alternatives in the safety evaluations of cosmetics ingredients by the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS)

In Europe, the safety evaluation of cosmetics is based on the safety evaluation of each individual ingredient. Article 3 of the Cosmetics Regulation specifies that a cosmetic product made available on the market is to be safe for human health when used normally or under reasonably foreseeable conditions. For substances that cause some concern with respect to human health (e.g. colorants, preservatives, UV-filters), safety is evaluated at the Commission level by a scientific committee, presently called the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). According to the Cosmetics Regulations, in the EU, the marketing of cosmetics products and their ingredients that have been tested on animals for most of their human health effects, including acute toxicity, is prohibited. Nevertheless, any study dating from before this prohibition took effect is accepted for the safety assessment of cosmetics ingredients. The in vitro methods reported in the dossiers summited to the SCCS are here evaluated from the published reports issued by the scientific committee of the Directorate General of Health and Consumers (DG SANCO); responsible for the safety of cosmetics ingredients. The number of studies submitted to the SCCS that do not involve animals is still low and in general the safety of cosmetics ingredients is based on in vivo studies performed before the prohibition

First record of Prociphilus (Meliarhizophagus) fraxinifolii (Riley) [Hemiptera: Aphididae] in the Iberian Peninsula

P. 142-145Prociphilus (Meliarhizophagus) fraxinifolii is recorded for the first time on Fraxinus pennsylvanica in Spain. The species, which is of Nearctic origin, is also present in Europe in Hungary (from 2003), Serbia (from 2006) and Bulgaria (from 2007).S

Productividad total de los factores y sus componentes para explotaciones de ovinos y caprinos en 37 regiones del sur de Europa (2004-2012)

[EN] The decline of Southern Europe’s traditional sheep- and goat-farming systems creates a need for studies on the economic determinants that underlie their production processes. Using data from the FADN, we built a panel of 37 regions from 5 countries over an 8-year period (2004–2012). A Cobb-Douglas was specified and a stochastic frontier production was estimated. Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and its components were calculated. The farms have had sustained, positive development of TFP since 2008, with a significant correlation with the labour factor of production. We detected moderate technical progress change, which was accompanied by decreasing efficiency.[ES] El declive del ovino y caprino del sur de Europa determina la necesidad de estudios sobre su proceso productivo. Con los datos de la FADN se ha elaborado un panel de 37 regiones de 5 países para 2004-2012. A partir de una función Cobb-Douglas, se ha estimado una frontera de producción estocástica; calculando la evolución de la Productividad Total de los Factores (TFP) y sus componentes. Las explotaciones analizadas presentan una evolución sostenida y positiva de la TFP desde 2008 y una correlación con el factor trabajo. Existe un mínimo y creciente progreso técnico y una eficiencia decreciente.Hidalgo González, C.; Rodríguez Fernández, MP. (2018). Total factor productivity and its components for sheep and goat farms in 37 Southern European regions (2004-2012). Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics. 17(2):5-27. doi:10.7201/earn.2017.02.01SWORD52717

La ansiedad matemática en alumnos de grados en estadística

En este trabajo se realiza un estudio sobre los niveles de ansiedad matemática que presentan alumnos universitarios de primer curso matriculados en Grados en Estadística. Analizamos la relación entre este constructo y otros factores como son el género, el perfil del Grado (empresa, matemáticas ó general) y la asignatura de matemáticas cursada en Bachillerato. Los resultados muestran que las alumnas tienen mayor nivel de ansiedad matemática que los alumnos sobre todo en los grupos, determinados por los dos factores anteriores, que presentan mayor nivel de ansiedad. Estos grupos corresponden al perfil Empresa y a alumnos que cursaron en Bachillerato la asignatura “Matemáticas aplicadas a las CCSS”

Antitumor activities of metal oxide nanoparticles

Nanoparticles have received much attention recently due to their use in cancer therapy. Studies have shown that different metal oxide nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity in cancer cells, but not in normal cells. In some cases, such anticancer activity has been demonstrated to hold for the nanoparticle alone or in combination with different therapies, such as photocatalytic therapy or some anticancer drugs. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have been shown to have this activity alone or when loaded with an anticancer drug, such as doxorubicin. Other nanoparticles that show cytotoxic effects on cancer cells include cobalt oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide. The antitumor mechanism could work through the generation of reactive oxygen species or apoptosis and necrosis, among other possibilities. Here, we review the most significant antitumor results obtained with different metal oxide nanoparticles

Conformational stability of the NH2-Terminal propeptide of the precursor of pulmonary surfactant protein SP-B

Assembly of pulmonary surfactant lipid-protein complexes depends on conformational changes coupled with proteolytic maturation of proSP-B, the precursor of pulmonary surfactant protein B (SP-B), along the surfactant biogenesis pathway in pneumocytes. Conformational destabilization of the N-terminal propeptide of proSP-B (SP-BN) triggers exposure of the mature SP-B domain for insertion into surfactant lipids. We have studied the conformational stability during GdmCl- or urea-promoted unfolding of SP-BN with trp fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopies. Binding of the intermediate states to bis-ANS suggests their molten globule-like character. ΔG0 H2O was ~ 12.7 kJ mol-1 either with urea or GdmCl. None of the thermal transitions of SP-BN detected by CD correspond to protein unfolding. Differential scanning calorimetry of SP-BN evidenced two endothermic peaks involved in oligomer dissociation as confirmed with 2 M urea. Ionic strength was relevant since at 150 mM NaCl, the process originating the endotherm at the highest temperature was irreversible (Tm2 = 108.5°C) with an activation energy of 703.8 kJ mol-1. At 500 mM NaCl the process became reversible (Tm2 = 114.4°C) and data were fitted to the Non-two States model with two subpeaks. No free thiols in the propeptide could be titrated by DTNB with or without 5.7 M GdmCl, indicating disulfide bonds establishment

Nanocarriers for Delivery of Antioxidants on the Skin

Skin is protected from the harmful effects of free radicals by the presence of an endogenous antioxidant system. However, when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, there is an imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants, leading to oxidative stress and photoaging of the skin. It has been described that free radicals and other reactive species can cause severe damage to cells and cell components of the skin, which results in skin aging and cancer. To prevent these actions on skin, the use of topical antioxidant supplementation is a strategy used in the cosmetics industry and these antioxidants act on quenching free radicals. There are many studies that demonstrated the antioxidant activity of many phytochemicals or bioactive compounds by free radical scavenging. However, many bioactive substances are unstable when exposed to light or lose activity during storage. The potential sensitivity of these substances to light exposure is of importance in cosmetic formulations applied to skin because photo-degradation might occur, reducing their activity. One strategy to reduce this effect on the skin is the preparation of different types of nanomaterials that allow the encapsulation of the antioxidant substances. Another problem related to some antioxidants is their inefficient percutaneous penetration, which limits the amount of the active ingredient able to reach the site of action in viable epidermis and dermis. In this sense, the encapsulation in polymeric nanoparticles could enhance the permeation of these substances. Nanocarriers offers several advantages over conventional passive delivery, such as increased surface area, higher solubility, improved stability, controlled release, reduced skin irritancy, and protection from degradation. The different nanocarrier systems used in cosmetics include nanolipid delivery systems such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), nanoemulsions (NEs), nanoparticles (NP) suspension, and polymer NPs, among others. In this review, we present the different types of nanomaterials use

Alternative Methods to Animal Testing for the Safety Evaluation of Cosmetic Ingredients: An Overview

The safety of cosmetics sold in Europe is based on the safety evaluation of each individual ingredient conducted by those responsible for putting the product on the market. However, those substances for which some concern exists with respect to human health (e.g., colorants, preservatives, UV-filters, nanomaterials) are evaluated at the European Commission level by a scientific committee, currently called the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). According to the Cosmetics Regulation (European Commission, 2009), it is prohibited in the European Union (EU) to market cosmetic products and ingredients that have been tested on animals. However, the results of studies performed before the ban continue to be accepted. In the current study, we evaluated the use of in vitro methods in the dossiers submitted to the SCCS in the period between 2013 and 2016 based on the published reports issued by the scientific committee, which provides a scientific opinion on these dossiers. The results of this evaluation were compared with those of an evaluation conducted four years previously. We found that, despite a slight increase in the number of studies performed in vitro, the majority of studies submitted to the SCCS is still done principally in vivo and correspond to studies performed before the ban