P. 142-145Prociphilus (Meliarhizophagus) fraxinifolii is recorded for the first time on Fraxinus pennsylvanica
in Spain. The species, which is of Nearctic origin, is also present in Europe in Hungary (from 2003),
Serbia (from 2006) and Bulgaria (from 2007).S

Mier Durante, Milagros Pilar

Pérez Hidalgo, Nicolás

English

Leon University (Spain)

Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin (2012) 42 (1), 142–145 ISSN 0250–8052. DOI: 10.1111/epp.2531First record of Prociphilus (Meliarhizophagus) fraxinifolii (Riley)[Hemiptera: Aphididae] in the Iberian PeninsulaN. Pérez Hidalgo and M. P. Mier DuranteDepartamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Universidad de León, 24071, León (Spain); e-mail: nperh@unileon.es;mpmied@unileon.es142Prociphilus (Meliarhizophagus) fraxinifolii is recorded for the first time on Fraxinus pennsylvanicain Spain. The species, which is of Nearctic origin, is also present in Europe in Hungary (from 2003),Serbia (from 2006) and Bulgaria (from 2007).On 17 June 2011, spectacular malformations and pseudogallswere observed at the base of a number of Fraxinus pennsylvanicaMarsh. plants (Figs 1A–D and 2A,B) in landscaped areas in twolocalities in León province [León (4236¢50¢¢N ⁄ 534¢1¢¢W) andValdeviejas [León (4227¢48¢¢N ⁄ 64¢39¢¢W)]. They had beencaused by apterae and alatae viviparae from a pemphigine spe-cies which, after being studied, were identified as belonging tothe Nearctic species Prociphilus (Meliarhizophagus) fraxinifolii(Riley, 1879). This is the first record of the species in the IberianPeninsula and the fourth in Europe (Coeur d’acier et al., 2010).The samples are deposited in the Zoological Collection (CZULE)of the University of León.In Europe, another two species of Prociphilus live on speciesof Fraxinus: Prociphilus (Prociphilus) bumeliae (Schrank, 1801)and Prociphilus (Prociphilus) fraxini (Fabricius, 1777). Their pri-mary host is F. excelsior and their secondary host species areAbies spp., on which they are radicolous. They can be identifiedusing the descriptions and keys by Smith (1974), Heie (1980)and Blackman & Eastop (1994). To date, only three species fromthe genus Prociphilus have been recorded in the Iberian Peninsula:P. (Prociphilus) fraxini, P. (Prociphilus) oleae (Leach) andP. (Stagona) pini (Burmeister), with morphological data and keys(Pérez Hidalgo & Nieto Nafrı́a, 2003) for their identification.The genus Prociphilus Koch contains around 50 speciesgrouped into six subgenera: Prociphilus, MeliarhizophagusSmith, Neoparacletus Strom, Paraprociphilus Mordvilko, PulviusSanborn and Stagona (Koch). These aphids vary considerablyin size, ranging from the rather small P. (Stagona) pini to thevery large P. (Prociphilus) fraxini, with fully developed waxyplates on the head, thorax and abdomen and with or withoutporifom siphunculi. The median vein of the anterior wings ofthe alatae is simple and the secondary sensoria ciliate. Althoughdetails of the biology of some species are not known, availabledata suggest that they are mostly dioecious, their primary hostbeing certain species of Oleaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Aceraceaeand Rosaceae, and the secondary host plants from various fami-lies on which they are radicolous (Pérez Hidalgo & NietoNafrı́a, 2003). The only species in the subgenus Meliarhiz-ophagus is P. (Meliarhizophagus) fraxinifolii which, accordingto Blackman & Eastop (1994), is holocyclic monoecious onª 2012 The authors. Journal comAmerican species of Fraxinus: F. nigra, F. pennsylvanica,F. quadrangulata, F. sambucifolia, F. uhdei and F. velutina.Prociphilus fraxinifolii apterae viviparae (Fig. 2C) are 2.3–3.0mm long and yellowish-green to pale green under the filamentouslayer of wax covering them. The fundatrices have five antennalsegments and eyes formed only by the triommatidium. Theapterous fundatrigenae have six antennal segments and severalommatidia, as well as the triommatidium (Fig. 2E). The alataeviviparae (Fig. 2D) are 1.4–2.8 mm long (3.3–5.20 in P. fraxini),with a greenish-orange abdomen in life due to the yellowish col-our of the embryos inside; they also have two pairs of cereousplates in the anterior region of the head and a well defined pair inthe posterior area (Fig. 2F) and 1–5 irregular secondary sensorialrhinaria at the base of antennal segment VI.Colonies are formed by apterae and alatae that curl terminalleaves (Figs 1A,–C and 2A,B). Little is known about the biologyof the species, but according to Smith (1974) the alatae viviparaereproduce continuously from April to October and the alate sexu-parae from October to November, though in the studied collec-tions, alatae did not occur from mid-August. During theunfavourable season they live in roots and are ant-attended(Smith, 1974).Despite the spectacular malformations and large quantity ofhoneydew excreted (Fig. 1E) by these aphids, they do not seemto cause any significant harm to trees, though the leaves they col-onize frequently dry prematurely (Fig. 1F). The species is notant-attended, at least in the aerial part of the plant, and is stronglypredated by Anthocoris nemoralis (Fabricius, 1794) (Hemiptera:Anthocoridae) and Chamaemyiidae larvae (Diptera).This is a common species, widely distributed in the UnitedStates, Canada and Mexico (Smith & Parron, 1978; Peña Martı́-nez, 1985; Maw et al., 2000) and introduced in Chile (Carrillo,1977), South Africa (Müller & Schöll, 1958; Blackman & Eastop,1994) and Europe (Coeur d’acier et al., 2010). Since it was dis-covered in Hungary (Remaudière & Ripka, 2003) it has beenrecorded in Serbia in 2006 (Petrović-Obradović et al., 2007) andin Bulgaria in 2007 (Trenchev & Trencheva, 2009), though it ispotentially more widely distributed in Europe due to the use of itshost plant (F. pennsylvanica) in gardening, which according toRemaudière & Ripka (2003) was introduced in 1783.pilation ª 2012 OEPP/EPPO, Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 42, 142–145ACEBDFFig. 1 Malformations or pseudogalls caused by Prociphilus (Meliarhyzophagus) fraxinifolii on Fraxinus pennsylvanica (A–D); honeydew excreted on a leaf (E);and prematurely dried shoots (F).First record of Prociphilus fraxinifolii in Iberian Peninsula 143ª 2012 The authors. Journal compilation ª 2012 OEPP/EPPO, Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 42, 142–145ACEBDFFig. 2 Malformations caused by Prociphilus (Meliarhyzophagus) fraxinifolii on a shoot (A) and a Fraxinus pennsylvanica leaf (B). Colony of apterae viviparae andnymphs with and without wing sketches (C); alate viviparous female (D); head of the apterous viviparous female (E); and head and thorax of the alate viviparousfemale (F). Photos C and D by Ángel Umaran.144 N. Pérez Hidalgo and M. P. Mier DuranteAcknowledgementsThe authors wish to thank M Baena (Departamento de Biologı́ay Geologı́a, I.E.S. Trassierra, Córdoba, Spain) for identifying thebug species associated with the colonies; C Favret (AphidNet,USA) for sending several references; and the Councils of Leónand Astorga for their cooperation during the sampling periods.This study was carried out in the context of the ‘Fauna IbéricaIX’ Project (CGL2007-66786-C08-03).Premier signalement de Prociphilus(Meliarhizophagus) fraxinifolii (Riley)[Hemiptera: Aphididae] dans lapéninsule IbériqueProciphilus (Meliarhizophagus) fraxinifolii est signalé pour lapremière fois sur Fraxinus pennsylvanica en Espagne. Cetteespèce, qui est d’origine néartique, est également présente enEurope en Hongrie (depuis 2003), Serbie (depuis 2006) etBulgarie (depuis 2007).ª 2012 The authors. Journal comReferencesBlackman RL & Eastop VF (1994) Aphids on the World’s Trees. AnIdentification and Information Guide, 8 + 987 pp. + 16 pl. CAB International,Wallingford (UK).Carrillo RL (1977) Aphidoidea de Chile II. Agro Sur 5, 109–114.Coeur d’acier A, Pérez Hidalgo N & Petrović-Obradović O (2010) Aphids(Hemiptera, Aphididae). Chapter 9.2. In Alien Terrestrial Arthropods ofpilation ª 2012 OEPP/EPPO, Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 42, 142–145First record of Prociphilus fraxinifolii in Iberian Peninsula 145Europe (Eds Roques A, Kenis M, Lees D, López-Vaamonde C, Rabitsch W,Rasplus J-Y & Roy D). BioRisk 4, 435–474. doi: 10.3897/biorisk.4.57.Heie OE (1980) The Aphidoidea (Hemiptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark.I General part. The families Mindaridae, Hormaphididae, Thelaxidae,Anoeciidae, and Pemphigidae. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 9,1–236.Maw HEL, Foottit RG, Hamilton KGA & Scudder GGE (2000) Checklist ofthe Hemiptera of Canada and Alaska, pp. 220. NRC Research Press, Ottawa(CN).Müller FP & Schöll SE (1958) Some notes on the aphid fauna of SouthAfrica. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 21,382–414.Peña Martı́nez R (1985) Ecological notes on aphids of the High Plateau ofMexico, with a check-list of species collected in 1980. in: Proceedings of theInternational Aphidological Symposium at Jablonna, 1981, pp. 425–430.Wydawnictwo. Wroclaw 510.Pérez Hidalgo N & Nieto Nafrı́a JM (2003) Subfamilia EriosomatinaeKirkaldy, 1905 (1843). En Hemiptera, Aphididae II. Nieto Nafrı́a JM, MierDurante MP, Binazzi A & Pérez Hidalgo N (ed. Ramos MA, Alba TercedorJ, Bellés i Ros X, Gosálbez i Noguera J, Guerra Sierra A, Macphersonª 2012 The authors. Journal compilation ª 2012 OEPP/EPPO, Bulletin OEPMayol E, Martı́n Piera F, Serrano Marino J & Templado González J) FaunaIbérica, Vol. 19, pp. 141–275. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturale, CSIC,Madrid (ES) [2002]. (in Spanish).Petrović-Obradović O, Tomanović Ž, Poljaković-Pajnik L & Vučetić A (2007)An invasive species of aphid, Prociphilus fraxinifolii (Hemiptera, Aphididae,Eriosomatinae), found in Serbia. Archives of Biological Sciences,Belgrade 59, 9–10.Remaudière G & Ripka G (2003) Arrival in Europe (Budapest, Hungary) ofAmerican ash aphid, Prociphilus (Meliarhizophagus) fraxinifolii (Hemiptera,Aphididae, Eriosomatinae, Pemphigini). Revue Francaise d’Entomologie(N.S.) 25, 152.Smith CF (1974) Keys and descriptions of the genera of Pemphigini in NorthAmerica (Homoptera: Aphididae: Pemphigini). North CarolinaExperiment Station, Technical Bulletin 226, vi + 61.Smith CF & Parron CS (1978) An annotated list of Aphididae (Homoptera) ofNorth America. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station,Technical Bulletin 255, 8 + 428.Trenchev G & Trencheva K (2009) Prociphilus fraxinifolii Riley (Hemiptera,Aphididae, Eriosomatinae) a species new to the Bulgarian fauna. Journal ofSustainable Forestry, 59–60, 79–82.P/EPPO Bulletin 42, 142–145

First record of Prociphilus (Meliarhizophagus) fraxinifolii (Riley) [Hemiptera: Aphididae] in the Iberian Peninsula

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First record of Prociphilus (Meliarhizophagus) fraxinifolii (Riley) [Hemiptera: Aphididae] in the Iberian Peninsula

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