X-ray diagnostics of dodecane jet in spray A conditions using the new one shot engine (NOSE)

[EN] Quantifying liquid mass distribution data in the dense near nozzle area to develop and optimize diesel spray by optical diagnostic is challenging. Optical methods, while providing valuable information, have intrinsic limitations due to the strong scattering of visible light at gas-liquid boundaries. Because of the high density of the droplets near the nozzle, most optical methods are ineffective in this area and prevent the acquisition of reliable quantitative data. X-ray diagnostics offer a solution to this issue, since the main interaction between the fuel and the X-rays is absorption, rather than scattering, thus X-ray technique offers an appealing alternative to optical techniques for studying fuel sprays. Over the last decade, x-ray radiography experiments have demonstrated the ability to perform quantitative measurements in complex sprays. In the present work, an X-ray technique based on X-ray absorption has been conducted to perform measurements in dodecane fuel spray injected from a single-hole nozzle at high injection pressure and high temperature. The working fluid has been doped with DPX 9 containing a Cerium additive, which acts as a contrast agent. The first step of this work was to address the effect of this dopant, which increases the sensitivity of X-ray diagnostics due its strong photon absorption, on the behavior and the physical characteristics of n-dodecane spray. Comparisons of the diffused back illumination images acquired from ndodecane spray with and without DPX 9 under similar operating conditions show several significant differences. The current data show clearly that the liquid penetration length is different when DPX 9 is mixed with dodecane. To address this problem, the dodecane was doped with a several quantities of DPX containing 25% ± 0.5 of Cerium. Experiments show that 1.25% of Ce doesn’t affect the behaviour of spray. Radiography and density measurements at ambient pressure and 60 bars are presented. Spray cone angle around 5° is obtained. The obtained data shows that the result is a compromise between the concentration of dopant for which the physical characteristics of the spray do not change and the visualization of the jet by X-ray for this concentration.This work is supported by ANR Research National Agency (ECN-France project). I.C. is supported by ANR PLANEX ANR-11-EQPX-0036-01.The authors would like to thank Thierry Seguelong for DPX9 supply and Gilles Bruneaux for scientific discussions.Chiboud, I.; Arjouche, H.; Nilaphai, O.; Dozias, S.; Moreau, B.; Hespel, C.; Foucher, F.... (2017). X-ray diagnostics of dodecane jet in spray A conditions using the new one shot engine (NOSE). En Ilass Europe. 28th european conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 755-762. https://doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4705OCS75576

The Open Brain Consent: Informing research participants and obtaining consent to share brain imaging data

Having the means to share research data openly is essential to modern science. For human research, a key aspect in this endeavor is obtaining consent from participants, not just to take part in a study, which is a basic ethical principle, but also to share their data with the scientific community. To ensure that the participants' privacy is respected, national and/or supranational regulations and laws are in place. It is, however, not always clear to researchers what the implications of those are, nor how to comply with them. The Open Brain Consent (https://open-brain-consent.readthedocs.io) is an international initiative that aims to provide researchers in the brain imaging community with information about data sharing options and tools. We present here a short history of this project and its latest developments, and share pointers to consent forms, including a template consent form that is compliant with the EU general data protection regulation. We also share pointers to an associated data user agreement that is not only useful in the EU context, but also for any researchers dealing with personal (clinical) data elsewhere

Extension de l'anémometrie phase Doppler à la mesure d'indice de réfraction et développement de la Vélocimétrie Laser par Corrélation

The aim of numerical and experimental study presented in this thesis is to improve optical diagnostics in order to understand the atomization and evaporation processes. The size-velocity correlation is diluted medium is given by Phase Doppler Anemometry.The objective of simultaions is to examine the possibilty to extend the PDA by refractive index measurement.The proposed extension called Glare Spot phase Doppler Anemometry is based on the analysis of glare points of reflection and refraction in image plane of droplet in PDA volume control. Another difficulty to study the atomization is the stong density of spry close to injector orifice. the Laser Correlation Velocimetry gives the axial velocity of structures, cross a focalised laser beam, by the measurement a flight time by coorelation.During my thesis this technique was validatd and established in laboratory.Les simulations et l'étude expérimentale présentée dans ce mémoire ont pour but d'améliorer les diagnostics optiques afin de comprendre la physique de la pulvérisation et l'évaporation des gouttes. L'anémométrie Phase Doppler permet déjà de connaître la corrélation taille-vitesse dans un milieu relativement dilué. L'objectif des simulations numériques expliquées dans ce mémoire est de présenter la faisabilité d'étendre les mesures PDA à la mesure de d'indice de réfraction des gouttes. L'extension proposée, appelée l'anémométrie Phase Doppler à point sde gloire est basée sur l'analyse de la lumière diffusée par les points de gloires de la réflexion et de la réfraction d'une goutte se séplaçant dans un volume de mesure type PDA. Une des autres difficulté concernant l'étude de l'atomisation est la forte densité des sprys à la sortie des injecteurs de types automobile. la vélocimétrie laser par corrélation permet de connaître la vitesse des structures par l amesure d'un temps de vol. Dans le cadre de ce travail de thèse, cette technique a été validée et implantée au laboratoire

Numerical stud of glare spot phase Doppler anemometry

International audienceThe phase Doppler anemometry has (PDA) been developed to measure simultaneously the velocity and the size of droplets. When the concentration of particles is high, tightly focused beams must be used, as in the dual burst PDA. The latter permits an access to the refractive index of the particle, but the effect of wave front curvature of the incident beams becomes evident. In this paper, we introduce a glare spot phase Doppler anemometry which uses two large beams. The images of the particle formed by the reflected and refracted light, known as glare spots, are separated in space. When a particle passes through the probe volume, the two parts in a signal obtained by a detector in forward direction are then separated in time. If two detectors are used the phase differences and the intensity ratios between two signals, the distance between the reflected and refracted spots can be obtained. These measured values provide information about the particle diameter and its refractive index, as well as its two velocity components. This paper is devoted to the numerical study of such a configuration with two theoretical models: geometrical optics and rigorous electromagnetism solution

L'imagerie au service de la santé : questions éthiques et sociétales

National audienc

L'imagerie au service de la santé : questions éthiques et sociétales

National audienc

L'imagerie au service de la santé : questions éthiques et sociétales

National audienc

Impact of nitric oxide on n-heptane and n-dodecane autoignition in a new high-pressure and high-temperature chamber

International audienc

Laser correlation velocimetry performance in diesel applications: spatial selectivity and velocity sensitivity

International audienceThe characterization of diesel jets in the near field of the nozzle exit still presents challenges for experimenters. Detailed velocity measurements are needed to characterize diesel injector performance and also to establish boundary conditions for CFD codes. The present article examines the efficiency of laser correlation velocimetry (LCV) applied to diesel spray characterization. A new optical configuration based on a longdistance microscope was tested, and special care was taken to examine the spatial selectivity of the technique. Results show that the depth of the measurement volume (along the laser beam) of LCV extends beyond the depth of field of the imaging setup. The LCV results were also found to be particularly sensitive to high-speed elements of a spray. Results from high-pressure diesel jets in a back-pressure environment indicate that this technique is particularly suited to the very near field of the nozzle exit, where the flow is the narrowest and where the velocity distribution is not too large. It is also shown that the performance of the LCV technique is controlled by the filtering and windowing parameters used in the processing of the raw signals