EFEKTIVITAS WAKTU PENGAMBILAN DAN PENGUKURAN CONTOH GAS RUMAH KACA PADA PENGELOLAAN AIR DI LAHAN SAWAH

The agricultural sector is one of the greenhouse gases (GHG) sources and sinks. Inventory of GHG emis­ sionsintheagriculturalsectorisdonebyapplyingtheprincipleof  measurable,reportable,verifiableorMRV, thusGHGmeasurement resultsarenotbiasedorunder/overestimate, reliable,andcheaper.The researchaimedto assess the most effective retrieval sampling time and measurement of greenhouse gas at different water manage­ mentsinricefield.Thefirstfactortreatmentwasthemanagementofirrigationwaterintheformsofcontinuous andintermittentirrigationusingarandomizedblockdesignwhichwasreplicatedthreetimes.Thesecondfactor treatmentwasthegassamplingtimeat6–7,9–10,12–13,15–16,and18–19.ObserveddatawasCO andCH fluxes.TheresultsshowedthatintermittentirrigationcouldreduceCH emissionsmorethan27%comparedto continuousirrigation.BasedonPearsoncorrelationvalue,samplingtimeandmeasurementofCO andCH were the most effective at 15–16 with correlation values of 0.901 and 0.984, respectively

N2O Emission From Managed Soil Under Different Crops in Rainfed Area, Central Java

N2O emission from agriculture has been assumed to increase by 30-35% until 2030. This gas has a major contribute to the emission from agriculture. N2O emission from managed soils is the 2nd contributor to green house gas (GHG) emission from agriculture in Indonesia. Rainfed area requested high management input. This research aimed to examine N2O emission from different crops in the rainfed area and its affecting factors, also to identify things that need to be considered in conducting N2O measurement from managed soil. Research conducted in Pati and Blora District, Central Java Province. Four (4) different experimental sites with 4 different crops were chosen. Those were mung bean, rubber plantation and sugarcane which located within Pati District, and maize crop which located in Blora District. No treatment was applied. Gas samples were taken following the day after fertilizing. Daily N2O fluxes from managed soil in tropical land of Indonesia determine by several factors, which are: days after fertilizing, fertilizer type and dosage, previous land use, growth phase of crops, sampling point and soil characteristic. The peak time was mostly influenced by crop type. Maize has the highest N2O daily fluxes with the range of 311.9 - 9651.6 ugN2O m-2day-1 and rubber plantation has the lowest with the range of 16.1 - 2270.7 ugN2O m-2day-1. Measurement of N2O from managed soil to determine annual emissions should be done at all crop types, soil types, considering crops growth phase and also high sampling frequency to prevent an over or underestimation

Emisi Metana dari Pengelolaan Kotoran Ternak di Yogyakarta – Inventarisasi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi secara berkala mengenai tingkat, status, dan kecenderungan emisi metana dari pengelolaan kotoran ternak di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian desk study dengan cara melakukan inventarisasi GRK menggunakan Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines 2006. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan mengumpulkan data aktivitas ternak provinsi Yogyakarta pada bulan November tahun 2016 sebagai sumber emisi GRK, serta penetapan faktor emisi berdasarkan IPCC Guidelines 2006. Data aktivitas didapatkan dari data statistik provinsi Yogyakarta. Inventarisasi emisi gas rumah kaca dari pengelolaan kotoran ternak di Yogyakarta menggunakan Tier 1 dari IPCC Guidelines. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa emisi terbesar dari pengelolaan kotoran ternak di Yogyakarta dari ternak unggas yaitu ternak ayam ras pedaging yang menyumbang 37% diikuti ayam buras sebesar 24%, ayam ras petelur sebesar 20% dan itik sebesar 3%. Sedangkan emisi dari ternak mamalia seperti sapi potong, sapi perah, kuda, kerbau, kambing, domba dan babi menyumbangkan emisi metana yang rendah terhadap total emisi metana dari pengelolaan kotoran ternak di Yogyakarta

N2O Emissions From Rainfed Sugarcane Plantation; Emisi N2O Dari Pertanaman Tebu Di Lahan Tadah Hujan

Expansion of sugarcane areal to support enhancement production and fulfilment target of self-sufficiency for national sugar should be conducted to see environment impact, particularly related to greenhouse gases emission. The objective of this study was to figure out N2O emission from conventional sugarcane plantation by farmer in rainfed area. The observation of N2O gas was carried out in sugarcane plantation in Sidomukti Village, Jaken District, Pati, Central Java. Sampling of N2O gas was conducted by close chamber method. The study showed that maximum fluxes of sugarcane plantation before and after fertilizer application are 4.011 and 223 µg N2O m-2 day-1. Meanwhile, after fertilizer application the maximum and minimum fluxes of N2O are 6.408 and 25 µg N2O m -2 day-1. N2O emission from sugarcane plantation recorded in rainfed area as 4.21 ± 2.53 kg N2O ha-1 year-1 with potential of global warming number as 1.31 ton CO2-e per hectar per year.Perluasan areal tanam tebu untuk mendukung peningkatan produksi dan pemenuhan target swasembada gula nasional sudah dianggap perlu untuk melihat dampak lingkungan khususnya mengenai evaluasi emisi gas rumah kaca dari pertanaman tebu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui emisi gas N2O dari sistem pertanaman tebu secara konvensional petani di lahan tadah hujan. Pengamatan gas N2O dilakukan pada lahan perkebunan tebu di desa Sidomukti Kecamatan Jaken Kabupaten Pati Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Pengambilan sampel N2O menggunakan metode sungkup tertutup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fluks maksimum pada pertanaman tebu sebelum pemupukan sebesar 4,011 µg N2O m -2 hari-1 dan fluks minimum sebesar 223 µg N2O m -2 hari-1, sedangkan fluks maksimum setelah pemupukan sebesar 6,408 µg N2O m -2 hari-1 dan fluks minimum sebesar 25 µg N2O m -2 hari-1. Emisi N2O pertanaman tebu sebesar 4.21 ± 2.53 kg N2O ha-1tahun-1 dengan nilai potensi pemanasan global sebesar 1.31 ton CO2-e per hektar per tahun

Comparing linear and circular supply chains: A case study from the construction industry

© 2016 Elsevier B.V. In the last decades, green and sustainable supply chain management practices have been developed in efforts to try and reduce the negative consequences of production and consumption processes on the environment. In parallel to this, the circular economy discourse has been propagated in the industrial ecology and production economics literature and, lately, in business and practice. The ideals of circular economy principles suggests that the frontiers of environmental sustainability can be pushed by emphasising the idea of transforming products in such a way that there are workable relationships between ecological systems and economic growth. By arguing for these ideals to be integrated into green supply chain management theory and practice, the paper uses a case study from the construction industry to demonstrate the environmental gains in terms of carbon emissions that can be achieved through some circular economy principles as against traditional linear production systems. The paper therefore asserts that an integration of circular economy principles within sustainable supply chain management can provide clear advantages from an environmental point view despite some external supply chain influences and scenarios. Further to this, emerging supply chain management challenges and market dynamics are also highlighted and discussed

Oligopsony/Oligopoly Power and Factor Market Performance: The Case of U.S. Old Newspapers

This paper derives price-cost margins for the old newspaper (ONP) input market for newsprint manufacture and then examines the effects of two government policies and two variables measuring the market performances of ONP input and newsprint output on the oligopsonist’s ONP price-cost margins. In the wastepaper recycling market in particular, the ONP input market has not been successful in using the ONP generated. The outcomes of the study are that various degrees of price distortions existed in the ONP input markets in four regions of the United States during 1972-1995. Demand-side policy had a positive effect and supply-side policy had a negative effect on ONP price-cost margins in all regions