Fort Bowie Material Culture

The Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona is a peer-reviewed monograph series sponsored by the School of Anthropology. Established in 1959, the series publishes archaeological and ethnographic papers that use contemporary method and theory to investigate problems of anthropological importance in the southwestern United States, Mexico, and related areas.Acknowledgments / Introduction / Glass / Metal / Ceramics / Leather / Miscellaneous Materials / Faunal Remains / Discussion / References / IndexThis title from the Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona collection is made available by the University of Arizona Press and University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions about this title, please contact the UA Press at http://www.uapress.arizona.edu/

Long-Term Inflammation and Glucocorticoid Therapy Impair Skeletal Modeling During Growth in Childhood Crohn Disease

CONTEXT: Glucocorticoids and inflammation inhibit bone formation; however, the impact on skeletal modeling is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to examine changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and cortical structure after Crohn disease (CD) diagnosis and identify associations with growth, glucocorticoids, and disease activity. DESIGN/PARTICIPANTS: This was a prospective cohort study among 76 CD participants, aged 5–21 years. Tibia quantitative computed tomography trabecular BMD and cortical dimensions were obtained at diagnosis and 6 and 12 and a median of 42 months later; 51 completed the final visit. OUTCOMES: Sex, race, and age-specific Z-scores were generated for outcomes based on more than 650 reference participants, and cortical dimension Z-scores were further adjusted for tibia length. Generalized estimating equations were used to model changes in Z-scores. RESULTS: Disease activity improved over the study interval (P < .001). Trabecular BMD Z-scores improved over the first 6 months; increases were associated with improved disease activity (P < .001), younger age (P = .005), and increases in vitamin D levels (P = .02). Greater increases in tibia length were associated with greater increases in cortical area Z-scores (P < .001). Greater glucocorticoid doses and disease activity were significantly associated with failure to accrue cortical area and were more pronounced with greater linear growth (interaction P < .05). Mean (±SD) trabecular BMD (−1.0 ± 1.21) and cortical area (−0.57 ± 1.10) Z-scores at the final visit were significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS: CD was associated with persistent deficits in trabecular BMD, although younger participants demonstrated a greater potential for recovery. In addition, greater linear growth was associated with a greater recovery of cortical dimensions, especially among participants with less glucocorticoid exposure and inflammation. These data suggest that younger age and concurrent growth provide a window of opportunity for skeletal recovery

Diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 infections

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread to nearly every corner of the globe, causing societal instability. The resultant coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) leads to fever, sore throat, cough, chest and muscle pain, dyspnoea, confusion, anosmia, ageusia and headache. These can progress to life-threatening respiratory insufficiency, also affecting the heart, kidney, liver and nervous systems. The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is often confused with that of influenza and seasonal upper respiratory tract viral infections. Due to available treatment strategies and required containments, rapid diagnosis is mandated. This Review brings clarity to the rapidly growing body of available and in-development diagnostic tests, including nanomaterial-based tools. It serves as a resource guide for scientists, physicians, students and the public at large

Pharmacotherapeutics of SARS-CoV-2 Infections

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 38 million people world-wide by person to person transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therapeutic and preventative strategies for SARS-CoV-2 remains a significant challenge. Within the past several months, effective treatment options have emerged and now include repurposed antivirals, corticosteroids and virus-specific antibodies. The latter has included convalescence plasma and monoclonal antibodies. Complete viral eradication will be achieved through an effective, safe and preventative vaccine. To now provide a comprehensive summary for each of the pharmacotherapeutics and preventative strategies being offered or soon to be developed for SARS-CoV-2. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].</p

Conceptualizing and measuring cultures and their consequences: a comparative review of GLOBE's and Hofstede's approaches

This paper explains why GLOBE used a set of cultural values and practices to measure national cultures. We show why there is no theoretical or empirical basis for Hofstede's criticism that GLOBE measures of values are too abstract or for his contention that national and organizational cultures are phenomena of different order. We also show why Hofstede has a limited understanding of the relationship between national wealth and culture. Furthermore, we explain why Hofstede's reanalysis of the GLOBE data is inappropriate and produces incomprehensible results. We also show the validity of managerial samples in studying leadership. Finally, we explain why Hofstede's claim that GLOBE instruments reflect researchers psycho-logic reveals ignorance of psychometric methodologies designed to ensure scale reliability and construct validity. Journal of International Business Studies (2006) 37, 897–914. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400234