Modelling Curvilinear Beamline Effects on Beam- and Spin-Dynamics in the Fermilab Muon g−2 Storage Ring

A model of the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment storage ring is developed with the BMAD simulation library for beam- and spin-dynamics studies. Particular focus is given to the electrostatic quadrupoles, the plates of which follow the curvature of the particle design trajectory of the magnetically uniform storage ring. To model these, standard electric multipoles and a novel method based on cylindrical harmonics are investigated and found to accurately match the electric field maps produced for the bulk and fringe regions of the curved quadrupoles respectively, despite these methods being specifically for straight beamlines. The toroidal multipole description is then developed, to include curvature and longitudinal field variations (to model the fringe field regions). Various combinations of the different descriptions (including use of the field maps) are used for the bulk and fringe fields of the quadrupoles, and the toroidal multipoles are found to provide the best agreement with the measured tunes of the storage ring. Two integrators are also developed, based on the method of Wu, Forest and Robin. The first of these describes motion in a uniform magnetic dipole field with arbitrary electric field, and produces results comparable to those of the adaptive-step fourth-order Runge--Kutta integrator implemented in BMAD, suitable for tracking over thousands of turns. The second is a generalisation of the first to arbitrary magnetic vector potentials superimposed on that of the uniform dipole, with arbitrary electric fields, and was also found to agree with the Runge--Kutta integrator. Simulations of antimuon storage for 2000 turns of the storage ring were performed, where losses were studied along with the evolution of beam polarisation. The storage losses, important for reducing the systematic error in the measurement of the muon g-2, were found to be largely due to collimator shape. The correlation between momentum and spin precession frequency reflect the effects expected from the electric field correction in the T-BMT equation, on the order of 10^-6. Particle injection was also studied, for various injection angles, quadrupole strengths and strengths of injection kick, and in the cases where experimental data was provided, the model was found to be consistent with the experiment

Random duodenal biopsy to exclude coeliac disease as a cause of anaemia is not cost‑efective and should be replaced with universally performed pre‑endoscopy serology in patients on a suspected cancer pathway

Background: Random duodenal biopsy to exclude coeliac disease during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for the investigation of iron defciency anaemia remains a common procedure, but is expensive and time-consuming. Serological investigation for coeliac disease is also recommended, having excellent accuracy with the added beneft of lower cost. This study sought to examine the utility of duodenal biopsy and coeliac serology in the diagnosis of coeliac disease. Methods: A prospectively maintained database was interrogated to identify all patients having upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for the investigation of anaemia between January 01, 2016, and December 31, 2016. Results Of the 1131 patients having an endoscopy, coeliac serology was measured in only 412 (36%) and was positive in 9 cases (2%), leading to 6 histological diagnoses of coeliac disease and 3 false positives. Two-hundred and seventy-four patients with negative serology had biopsies taken which were all negative. Only 2/451 (0.4%) patients who had biopsies performed in the absence of a serology test were histologically positive for coeliac disease. The cost per diagnosis of a case of coeliac disease in those with either negative or absent coeliac serology was £18,839 (US$25,244, €21,196). Conclusions: Random duodenal biopsy is not a cost-efective method of diagnosing coeliac disease and should be replaced with pre-endoscopy coeliac serology

Voices from Lawrence, Kansas: Diverse Adult Learners in a University Community

Nestled in a neighborhood of modest bungalows, the Lawrence Adult Learning Center (LALC) is a part of the greater Lawrence High School campus. The high school annex building houses LALC, along with Native American Student Services, special education offices and personnel, and Lawrence Public Schools Nursing Services

Explicit symplectic integrator for particle tracking in s-dependent static electric and magnetic fields with curved reference trajectory

We describe a method for symplectic tracking of charged particles through static electric and magnetic fields. The method can be applied to cases where the fields have a dependence on longitudinal as well as transverse position, and where the reference trajectory may have non-zero curvature. Application of the method requires analytical expressions for the scalar and vector potentials: we show how suitable expressions, in the form of series analogous to multipole expansions, can be constructed from numerical field data, allowing the method to be used in cases where only numerical field data are available.Comment: 17 page

The crystallisation of Poly (aryl ether etherketone) (PEEK) and its carbon fibre composites

Thermoplastic matrix composites are advantageous over thermosetting matrix composites in that they can give improved damage tolerance, shorter production times and inherent recyclability (via melt reprocessing). Poly aryl ether ether ketone (PEEK) is a semi-crystalline, high-performance engineering polymer whose properties can be enhanced through fibre reinforcement. The properties of PEEK and its composites are sensitive to changes in the crystalline content and morphology, which are influenced by the processing conditions. As such it is of great importance to have a good understanding of the crystallisation process of PEEK under various conditions. A number of parameters were investigated with respect to their effects on the crystallisation of neat and carbon fibre reinforced PEEK. The parameters studied were the melt temperature, the isothermal crystallisation temperature, and the non-isothermal cooling rate. It is of paramount importance to heat PEEK in excess of 400°C before processing to remove all previous crystalline entities. PEEK crystallises more rapidly in the presence of carbon fibres as a result of heterogeneous nucleation at the fibre surface. PEEK crystallises in the form of spherulitic crystals under isothermal crystallisation conditions. An increased cooling rate lowers the degree of crystallinity of PEEK as calculated by DSC and verified indirectly by FTIR

Creating and Using an Anthology for English for Academic Purposes

We created an anthology for English for academic purposes (EAP), which includes a collection of chapters from different textbooks typically used in the sciences, humanities, and social sciences. We chose textbook chapters because our high-intermediate reading/writing students, mostly undergraduate students, will be exposed to textbooks in all of their freshman and sophomore courses. Some of these students are already taking two or more freshman-sophomore level courses. We chose disciplines from the sciences, humanities, and social sciences because our undergraduate students must fulfill KU Core requirements, which include courses in these fields. The content in the textbook chapters, however, is not the point of the anthology. The point of the anthology is to illustrate academic English in different disciplinary contexts. We use the anthology to teach students how academic concepts get expressed in English and to help students work with entire textbook chapters

Teaching English for Academic Purposes in the KU Academic Accelerator Program

The Kansas University Academic Accelerator Program (KUAAP) is new to the University and brings with it a reconceptualization of the first year experience for newly arrived international students who have not yet fulfilled the University’s English as a second language requirements. In their first two terms, international students in KUAAP take classes in English for academic purposes (EAP) alongside General Education (Gen Ed) courses. By their third term, students no longer take EAP classes

Effects on Mood by Various Spectrums of Light from Eyeglasses

This research paper investigates whether various spectrums of light can have an effect on mood. Eyeglasses of red or blue lenses were used to alter spectrum of light in this study. Participants in this study were male and female students from Lindenwood University ranging in age from 18 to 26. The research procedure consisted of a 10-minute questionnaire, interview and a perception test that will measure visual disability, mood, and bias to colors. The data collected from the three mood perception tests will be quantified and compared with one another to find if red spectrum of light influences a person’s mood. The result of this study will prove valuable to learning, working, and commercial environments and prove the answers to the myth that life is better looking through rose-colored glasses