Hospital Intervention to Reduce Overweight with Educational Reinforcement after Discharge: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: Obesity and overweight affect more than one-third of the world’s population and pose a major public health problem. Objective: To evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on dietary habits and physical exercise in patients with overweight admitted to departments of internal medicine, comprising a pre-discharge educational session with follow-up and reinforcement by telephone at 3, 6, and, 12 months post-discharge. Outcome variables were weight, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), hospital readmissions, emergency department visits, and death. Method: A randomized experimental study with a control group was performed in hospitalized non-diabetic adults aged 18 years with body mass index (BMI) 25 kg/m2. Results and conclusions: The final sample included 273 patients. At three months post-discharge, the intervention group had lower SBP and DPB and improved dietary habits (assessed using the Pardo Questionnaire) and VAS-assessed HRQOL in comparison to the control group but a worse EQ-5Q-5L-assessed HRQOL. There were no between-group differences in hospital readmissions, emergency department visits, or mortality at any time point. Both groups evidenced a progressive improvement over the three follow-up periods in weight, SBP, and dietary habits but a worsening of EQ-5D-5L-value-assessed HRQOL. Discussion: The intervention group showed greater improvements over the short term, but between-group differences disappeared at 6 and 12 months. Weight loss and improvements in key outcomes were observed in both groups over the follow-up period. Further research is warranted to determine whether a minimum intervention with an educational leaflet, follow-up phone calls, and questionnaires on overweight-related healthy habits, as in the present control group, may be an equally effective strategy without specific individual educational input.Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIEuropean Commission PI17/0041

Tourism in Teotihuacan and San Martin De Las Pirámides: Its Influence on the Social Capital of Local Stakeholders

Este artículo explora cómo el turismo influye en el capital social de los actores de los municipios de Teotihuacán y San Martín de las Pirámides, México, que territorialmente comparten la zona arqueológica de Teotihuacán, uno de los atractivos más importantes del País. Aunque en la literatura es relativamente reciente, el abordaje de este binomio ha generado interés entre la comunidad científica, porque son escasas las investigaciones sobre cómo el turismo puede influir en el capital social. La metodología que analiza el vínculo entre ambos elementos fue cualitativa e incluyó entrevistas con actores que residen en esos municipios, con el fin de conocer cómo el turismo ha modificado su capital social. Una de las contribuciones de este documento es integrar en el análisis a los actores sociales, públicos y privados, ya que su estudio se ha realizado de manera fragmentada. Complementariamente aporta evidencia empírica sobre cómo dicha actividad ha modificado el capital social de los actores que se le relacionan en dichos municipios

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Municipios de Cesar, Sucre y Magdalena

El siguiente documento es producto de la evaluación final correspondiente al Diplomado de Profundización “Acompañamiento Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia” de la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia – UNAD. Trabajo realizado con la finalidad de instruir, la forma adecuada de llevar a cabo un proceso de acompañamiento psicosocial en personas afectadas por hechos de violencia, lo anterior, por medio de un ejercicio práctico donde se simulo la implementación de la técnica de abordaje psicosocial Imagen y Narrativa. En el ejercicio práctico realizado, se analizaron eventos psicosociales traumáticos desde una perspectiva psicológica y donde cada estudiante con una postura clara y coherente, buscaba la forma de aplicar correctamente la Técnica Imagen y Narrativa, siguiendo la estructura sugerida por la guía de actividades del diplomado en mención: Aproximación al enfoque narrativo y análisis de relatos: Se realizó un acercamiento conceptual a los enfoques narrativos en la psicología contemporánea desde un abordaje terapéutico y psicosocial de violencias sistémicas en la realidad sociopolítica colombiana. Reflexión y formulación de preguntas a partir del análisis de los relatos: Por medio del análisis y la reflexión referente al relato del caso Gloria, tomado del libro VOCES, Banco Mundial (2009). Desde la lógica narrativa se construyeron una serie de preguntas y posteriormente se aplicaron, simulando una entrevista a una persona que haya sufrido un hecho de violencia. Propuestas de abordaje psicosocial – De igual forma se analizó el caso Pandurí, el cual desde un abordaje académico, se buscó generar en los estudiantes reflexiones de cómo emprender estrategias de acompañamiento psicosocial en el tipo de sucesos que vivió la población del caso objetivo de análisis.The following document is the product of the final evaluation corresponding to the Diploma of Deepening "Psychosocial Accompaniment in Violence Scenarios" of the National Open University and Distance - UNAD. Work done for the purpose of instruction, the appropriate way to carry out a process of psychosocial accompaniment in appropriate people for acts of violence, the above, through a practical exercise where the implementation of the technique of psychosocial approach is simulated. Image and Narrative. In the practical exercise carried out, traumatic psychosocial events will be analyzed from a psychological perspective and where each student with a clear and coherent position, will look for the way to apply the technique of image and narrative, following the structure suggested by the guide of activities of the graduate in mention: Approach to the narrative approach and relationship analysis: A conceptual approach to narrative approaches in contemporary psychology was made to a therapeutic and psychosocial approach to systemic violence in the Colombian sociopolitical reality. Reflection and formulation of the questions based on the analysis of the stories: World Bank (2009). From the narrative logic a series of questions was constructed and then applied, once and for all to a person that has been a fact of violence. Proposals for a psychosocial approach - The Pandurí case was also analyzed, which is an academic approach. It was sought to generate in the students Reflections of how the psychosocial accompaniment strategies in the type of events that lived The population of the case analysi

Modelo estratégico integral para la implementación del Sistema de Gestión de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (SG-SST) de la empresa Latinoamericana de Seguridad Eléctrica S.A.S.

El presente trabajo contiene un Modelo Estratégico Integral para la implementación del Sistema de Gestión de la Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo (SGSST) en la empresa Latinoamericana de Seguridad Eléctrica SAS., basado en los estándares mínimos de calidad de los programas de salud ocupacional de la empresa, con el fin de verificar y evaluar si estos cumplen con los procedimientos básicos que garanticen la integridad y el bienestar de los trabajadores que participan en la organización.The present work contains an Integral Strategic Model for the implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SGSST) in the Latin American company of Electrical Safety SAS, based on the minimum quality standards of the occupational health programs of the company, in order to verify and evaluate if these comply with the basic procedures that guarantee the integrity and well-being of the workers who participate in the organization

Los retos asumidos por la educación superior tras la pandemia del COVID-19 en Colombia: el nuevo paradigma académico

The objective of this research was to identify the challenges that HEIs in Colombia must assume after the COVID-19 pandemic. For this, seven main hemerographic documents that have investigated the subject through field research were selected. An analysis of the documents and their respective coding in Atlas.Ti was carried out, which allowed obtaining main variables such as logistical challenges, curricular challenges, financial challenges and social challenges for the writing of the results obtained; in addition, other sources of information were consulted that allowed the triangulation of the contents through the use of freely accessible databases such as Scielo, Zotero and different university repositories such as the National University of Colombia, the National Autonomous University of Mexico and the University of North.La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo la identificación de los retos que las IES de Colombia deben asumir tras la pandemia del COVID-19. Para ello se seleccionaron siete documentos hemerográficos principales que han indagado sobre el tema a través de investigaciones de campo. Se realizó un análisis de los documentos y su respectiva codificación en Atlas.Ti que permitió la obtención de variables principales como retos logísticos, retos curriculares, retos financieros y retos sociales para la redacción de los resultados obtenidos; además se consultaron otras fuentes de información que permitió la triangulación de los contenidos a través del uso de bases de datos de libre acceso como Scielo, Zotero y diferentes repositorios universitarios como el de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y Universidad del Norte

NSAIDs-hypersensitivity often induces a blended reaction pattern involving multiple organs

Las reacciones de hipersensibilidad inducidas por medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE) están clasificadas por la Red Europea de Alergia a los Medicamentos (ENDA) como reacciones cruzadas o selectivas. La primera es el tipo más frecuente e incluye a los pacientes con síntomas exclusivamente respiratorios (AINE - enfermedad respiratoria exacerbada, ENDA) o exclusivamente cutáneos: urticaria/angioedema inducido por AINEs (NIUA); y enfermedad cutánea exacerbada por AINEs (NECD). Sin embargo, aunque no se refleja en el esquema de clasificación actual (ENDA), en la práctica clínica se observa con frecuencia una combinación de síntomas tanto cutáneos como respiratorios o incluso de otros órganos, como los síntomas del tracto gastrointestinal (reacciones mixtas o combinadas). Esta entidad no ha sido suficientemente caracterizada. Nuestro objetivo era caracterizar clínicamente las reacciones mixtas a los AINEs, comparando sus características clínicas con las del NERD y la NIUA. Evaluamos a los pacientes con síntomas que sugerían hipersensibilidad a los AINEs que acudieron a la Unidad de Alergia del Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga (Málaga, España) entre 2008 y 2015. Se incluyeron 880 pacientes con reacción cruzada confirmada en base a la historia clínica, prueba de provocación nasal positiva con acetilsalicilato de lisina (NPT-LASA) y/o prueba de provocación de drogas positiva (DPT) con ácido acetilsalicílico (ASA), que se clasificaron como mezclados (261; 29,6%), NERD (108; 12,3%) o NIUA (511; 58,1%). Se compararon los síntomas, los medicamentos, las enfermedades subyacentes y los métodos de diagnóstico dentro de los grupos y entre ellos. Entre los pacientes mezclados, el subgrupo más común comprendía aquellos que desarrollaban urticaria/angioedema más rinitis/asma (n = 138), que tenían un mayor porcentaje de rinitis subyacente (p < 0,0001) y asma (p < 0,0001) que los pacientes de NIUA, mostrando similitudes con la NERD. Estas diferencias no se encontraron en el subgrupo de pacientes mezclados que desarrollaron síntomas respiratorios como el edema de la glotis; estos eran más similares a la NIUA. El porcentaje de NPT-LASA positivo fue similar para los grupos de mezcla (77%) y NERD (78,7%). Concluimos que las reacciones mixtas son reacciones de hipersensibilidad a los AINEs que afectan al menos a dos órganos. Además de la clásica afectación cutánea y respiratoria, en nuestra población algunos pacientes también desarrollan síntomas gastrointestinales. Dada la alta tasa de respuestas positivas al NPT-LASA en el NERD así como las reacciones mixtas, sugerimos que todos los pacientes que reporten síntomas respiratorios, independientemente de si tienen otros síntomas asociados, deben ser evaluados inicialmente usando el NPT-LASA, lo cual representa menos riesgo que el DPT.Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-induced hypersensitivity reactions are classified by the European Network on Drug Allergy (ENDA) as either cross-reactive or selective. The former is the most frequent type and includes patients with exclusively respiratory symptoms (NSAIDs-exacerbated respiratory disease, NERD) or exclusively cutaneous symptoms: NSAIDs-induced urticaria/angioedema (NIUA); and NSAIDs-exacerbated cutaneous disease (NECD). However, although not reflected in the current classification scheme (ENDA), in clinical practice a combination of both skin and respiratory symptoms or even other organs such as gastrointestinal tract symptoms (mixed or blended reactions) is frequently observed. This entity has not been sufficiently characterised. Our aim was to clinically characterize blended reactions to NSAIDs, comparing their clinical features with NERD and NIUA. We evaluated patients with symptoms suggestive of hypersensitivity to NSAIDs who attended the Allergy Unit of the Regional University Hospital of Malaga (Malaga, Spain) between 2008 and 2015. We included 880 patients confirmed as cross-reactive based on clinical history, positive nasal provocation test with lysine acetylsalicylate (NPT-LASA), and/or positive drug provocation test (DPT) with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), who were classified as blended (261; 29.6%), NERD (108; 12.3%) or NIUA (511; 58.1%). We compared symptoms, drugs, underlying diseases and diagnostic methods within and between groups. Among blended patients the most common sub-group comprised those developing urticaria/angioedema plus rhinitis/asthma (n = 138), who had a higher percentage of underlying rhinitis (p < 0.0001) and asthma (p < 0.0001) than NIUA patients, showing similarities to NERD. These differences were not found in the sub-group of blended patients who developed such respiratory symptoms as glottis oedema; these were more similar to NIUA. The percentage of positive NPT-LASA was similar for blended (77%) and NERD groups (78.7%). We conclude that blended reactions are hypersensitivity reactions to NSAIDs affecting at least two organs. In addition to classical skin and respiratory involvement, in our population a number of patients also develop gastrointestinal symptoms. Given the high rate of positive responses to NPT-LASA in NERD as well as blended reactions, we suggest that all patients reporting respiratory symptoms, regardless of whether they have other associated symptoms, should be initially evaluated using NPT-LASA, which poses less risk than DPT.• Gobierno de Andalucía. Ayuda PI-0463-2013 • Instituto de Salud Carlos III y Fondo Europeo Regional de Desarrollo. Ayuda RETIC ARADyAL RD16/0006/0001 y PI17/1253 • Sociedad Española de Alergología. Fondo de Investigación de la Fundación de la SEAIC 2016 • Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad y Fondo Europeo Social. Contrato de investigación Juan Rodes JR15/00036, para Inmaculada Doña Díaz. Contrato Río Hortega CM16/0067, para Gádor Bogas Herrera. Programa Miguel Servet CP14/00034, para José Antonio Cornejo García. Programa Sara Borrell CD14/00242, para James Richard Perkins.peerReviewe

The Mutational Landscape of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Predicts Responses and Outcomes in Elderly Patients from the PETHEMA-FLUGAZA Phase 3 Clinical Trial

This article belongs to the Collection The Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prognosis in Cancer.[Simple Summary] Mutational profiling using a custom 43-gene next-generation sequencing panel revealed that patients with mutated DNMT3A or EZH2, or an increase in TET2 VAF and lower TP53 VAF showed a higher overall response. NRAS and TP53 variants were associated with shorter overall survival (OS), whereas only mutated BCOR was associated with a shorter relapse-free survival (RFS). Subgroup analyses of OS according to biological and genomic characteristics showed that patients with low–intermediate cytogenetic risk and mutated NRAS benefited from azacytidine therapy and patients with mutated TP53 showed a better RFS in the azacytidine arm. In conclusion, differential mutational profiling might anticipate the outcomes of first-line treatment choices (AZA or FLUGA) in older patients with AML.[Abstract] We sought to predict treatment responses and outcomes in older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from our FLUGAZA phase III clinical trial (PETHEMA group) based on mutational status, comparing azacytidine (AZA) with fludarabine plus low-dose cytarabine (FLUGA). Mutational profiling using a custom 43-gene next-generation sequencing panel revealed differences in profiles between older and younger patients, and several prognostic markers that were useful in young patients were ineffective in older patients. We examined the associations between variables and overall responses at the end of the third cycle. Patients with mutated DNMT3A or EZH2 were shown to benefit from azacytidine in the treatment-adjusted subgroup analysis. An analysis of the associations with tumor burden using variant allele frequency (VAF) quantification showed that a higher overall response was associated with an increase in TET2 VAF (odds ratio (OR), 1.014; p = 0.030) and lower TP53 VAF (OR, 0.981; p = 0.003). In the treatment-adjusted multivariate survival analyses, only the NRAS (hazard ratio (HR), 1.9, p = 0.005) and TP53 (HR, 2.6, p = 9.8 × 10−7) variants were associated with shorter overall survival (OS), whereas only mutated BCOR (HR, 3.6, p = 0.0003) was associated with a shorter relapse-free survival (RFS). Subgroup analyses of OS according to biological and genomic characteristics showed that patients with low–intermediate cytogenetic risk (HR, 1.51, p = 0.045) and mutated NRAS (HR, 3.66, p = 0.047) benefited from azacytidine therapy. In the subgroup analyses, patients with mutated TP53 (HR, 4.71, p = 0.009) showed a better RFS in the azacytidine arm. In conclusion, differential mutational profiling might anticipate the outcomes of first-line treatment choices (AZA or FLUGA) in older patients with AML. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02319135.This study was supported by the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red—Área de Oncología–del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERONC; CB16/12/00369) and the Subdirección General de Investigación Sanitaria (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain) grants PI16/01530, PI16/01661, PI19/01518, and PI19/00730, the CRIS against Cancer foundation, grant 2018/001, and by the Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (IMAS12) (co-financed by FEDER funds). The study was supported internationally by Cancer Research UK, FCAECC and AIRC under the Accelerator Award Program

Antioxidant activity of pepper grown under organic, low-input and soilless systems

[SPA] En los últimos años se ha producido un importante aumento del interés por el cuidado del medio ambiente y la obtención de alimentos más seguros y saludables. Como consecuencia, se han buscado formas de cultivo alternativas a la convencional, como el cultivo ecológico (E), producción integrada (PI) y cultivo sin suelo (SS). Existen evidencias de que el sistema de cultivo adoptado puede influir sobre la calidad de los productos hortícolas. La actividad antioxidante es un parámetro de calidad que proporciona una medida de la capacidad de un compuesto para proteger del efecto perjudicial de los procesos oxidativos y a la que se le ha atribuido capacidad para prevenir enfermedades cardiovasculares y diversos tipos de cáncer. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido estudiar la influencia de los diferentes sistemas de cultivo (E, PI y SS), sobre la actividad antioxidante, tanto en la fracción hidrofílica (AAH) como en la lipofílica (AAL) del fruto de pimiento. El estudio se realizó sobre pimientos variedad Quito, en sus estados de maduración verde y rojo. Se realizaron tres muestreos consecutivos en 8 invernaderos comerciales de cada uno de los tres sistemas de cultivos. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron una mayor actividad antioxidante de los pimientos rojos respecto a los verdes en todos los sistemas de cultivo. A su vez, se encontró que la fracción con mayor actividad antioxidante fue la hidrofílica, tanto en fruto verde como rojo. La actividad antioxidante se vio significativamente afectada tanto por el tipo de cultivo como por la cosecha, en las dos fracciones estudiadas. En general, el sistema de cultivo SS dio como resultado frutos con mayor AAH y AAL que los cultivados bajo PI y E. Sin embargo, los cambios observados a lo largo del ciclo de cultivo muestran que la época de recolección puede afectar a la actividad antioxidante del pimiento en mayor medida que el sistema de producción. [ENG] In recent years consumer’s awareness of environmental protection and health and safecontrolled food has increased. As consequence, alternative production systems to the conventional one, such as organic (O), low-input (LI), and soilless (SS) systems, have been promoted. It has been shown that the production system can influence quality of horticultural products. Antioxidant activity is a quality parameter which provides a measurement of the ability of a compound to protect against oxidative processes. It has been recognised as beneficial for preventing some kinds of cancers and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the different production systems (O, LI and SS) on the antioxidant activity, studying the contribution of the hydrophilic (HAA) and the lipophilic (LAA) pepper fraction. The study was carried on peppers cv. Quito in their green and red stage of maturation. Three consecutive harvests were performed in 8 commercial greenhouses of each production system. The results showed higher antioxidant activity in red than in Green pepper regardless of the cropping systems. In addition, HAA was higher than LAA regardless of the maturation stage. HAA and LAA were significantly affected for both the production system and the harvest time. In general, peppers grown under soilless system showed higher values of HAA and LAA than fruits under O and LI production. However, the fluctuations throughout the cultivation period show that harvest time can affect pepper antioxidant activity to a large extent than production system.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por la Fundación Séneca (05751/PI/07)

The Mutational Landscape of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Predicts Responses and Outcomes in Elderly Patients from the PETHEMA-FLUGAZA Phase 3 Clinical Trial

Mutational profiling using a custom 43-gene next-generation sequencing panel revealed that patients with mutated DNMT3A or EZH2, or an increase in TET2 VAF and lower TP53 VAF showed a higher overall response. NRAS and TP53 variants were associated with shorter overall survival (OS), whereas only mutated BCOR was associated with a shorter relapse-free survival (RFS). Subgroup analyses of OS according to biological and genomic characteristics showed that patients with low-intermediate cytogenetic risk and mutated NRAS benefited from azacytidine therapy and patients with mutated TP53 showed a better RFS in the azacytidine arm. In conclusion, differential mutational profiling might anticipate the outcomes of first-line treatment choices (AZA or FLUGA) in older patients with AML. We sought to predict treatment responses and outcomes in older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from our FLUGAZA phase III clinical trial (PETHEMA group) based on mutational status, comparing azacytidine (AZA) with fludarabine plus low-dose cytarabine (FLUGA). Mutational profiling using a custom 43-gene next-generation sequencing panel revealed differences in profiles between older and younger patients, and several prognostic markers that were useful in young patients were ineffective in older patients. We examined the associations between variables and overall responses at the end of the third cycle. Patients with mutated DNMT3A or EZH2 were shown to benefit from azacytidine in the treatment-adjusted subgroup analysis. An analysis of the associations with tumor burden using variant allele frequency (VAF) quantification showed that a higher overall response was associated with an increase in TET2 VAF (odds ratio (OR), 1.014; p = 0.030) and lower TP53 VAF (OR, 0.981; p = 0.003). In the treatment-adjusted multivariate survival analyses, only the NRAS (hazard ratio (HR), 1.9, p = 0.005) and TP53 (HR, 2.6, p = 9.8 × 10 −7) variants were associated with shorter overall survival (OS), whereas only mutated BCOR (HR, 3.6, p = 0.0003) was associated with a shorter relapse-free survival (RFS). Subgroup analyses of OS according to biological and genomic characteristics showed that patients with low-intermediate cytogenetic risk (HR, 1.51, p = 0.045) and mutated NRAS (HR, 3.66, p = 0.047) benefited from azacytidine therapy. In the subgroup analyses, patients with mutated TP53 (HR, 4.71, p = 0.009) showed a better RFS in the azacytidine arm. In conclusion, differential mutational profiling might anticipate the outcomes of first-line treatment choices (AZA or FLUGA) in older patients with AML. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT0231913

Estado nutricional y su relación con la seguridad alimentaria en el medio rural de Oaxaca

The perception of food security does not guarantee an appropriate nutritional status, since the latter is influenced by the age and physiological condition of the individual and not by the sensation of satiety. The objective of this study was to relate the family’s perception of its food security (FS) with the diversity of foods available and the contribution of macronutrients to their diet. For this purpose, 100 families were sampled to determine which type and the amount of foods consumed, as well as the contribution of proteins, fats and carbohydrates to the total caloric value (TCV), and the FS perception. The results suggest that social backwardness and the age of members of the family negatively affect the status of FS. The contribution of proteins to the TCV was adjusted to official recommendations of around 12%, while fat had a contribution lower than 25%, and carbohydrates more than 60%. The contribution of 80% of energy consumed comes from maize, wheat, bean, oil, rice and meats, in lower proportion. The conclusion is that energy, protein and fat intake are independent from the FS perception of families.Las percepciones de seguridad alimentaria no garantizan un estado nutricional apropiado, este último se encuentra influenciado por la edad y condición fisiológica del individuo, y no por las sensaciones de saciedad. El objetivo de la investigación fue relacionar la percepción de la familia sobre su seguridad alimentaria (SA) con la diversidad de alimentos de que dispone y el aporte de macronutrientes de su dieta. Se muestrearon 100 familias y se determinó el tipo y cantidad de alimentos, el aporte de las proteínas, la grasa y los carbohidratos al valor calórico total (VCT) y la percepción de SA. Los resultados evidencian que el rezago social y la edad de los integrantes de la familia afectan negativamente al estado de SA. El aporte al VCT de las proteínas se adecuó a las recomendaciones oficiales, en torno a 12 %, la grasa tuvo un aporte inferior a 25% y los carbohidratos sobrepasaron 60%. El aporte de 80% de energía consumida proviene del maíz, trigo, frijol, aceite, arroz y en menor proporción de cárnicos. Se concluye que la ingesta energética, proteica y de grasas de la dieta son independientes de la percepción de SA que tienen las familias