Biocontrol of root and crown rot in tomatoes under greenhouse conditions using Trichoderma harzianum and Paenibacillus lentimorbus. Additional effect of solarization

Indexación: ScieloTrichoderma harzianum 650 (Th650) and Paenebacillus lentimorbus 629 (Pl629) selected earlier for their ability to control Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum in vitro, were applied alone or combined with solarization (summer assay) and/or with methyl bromide (MeBr) (summer and winter assays) to a soil with a high inoculum level, for the control of tomato root rot caused by the complex F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici - Pyrenochaeta lycopersici - Rhizoctonia solani. Evaluations were also performed independently for root damage caused by P. lycopersici, and also for R. solani in the summer assay. MeBr decreased tomato root damage caused by the complex from 88.7% to 21.2% and from 78.4% to 35.7% in the summer and in the winter assay, respectively. None of the bio-controllers could replace MeBr in the winter assay, but Th650 and Pl629 reduced root damage caused by this complex in the summer assay. Treatments with bio-controllers were improved by their combination with solarization in this season. Independent evaluations showed that the positive control of Th650 towards R. solani and the lack of effect on P. lycopersici correlates well with the endochitinase pattern expressed by Th650 in response to these phytopathogens. Root damage caused by R. solani can be controlled at a similar level as it does MeBr in summer assays, thus representing an alternative to the use of this chemical fungicide for the control of this phytopathogen.Financial support: Fondecyt 1990785

To be or not to be better pollinated: Differences between sex morphs in marginal gynodioecious populations

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Changes in the pollinator communities of marginal plant populations can affect their pollination quantity or quality. Geographic variation in pollination success can alter the reproductive advantage that female plants require to persist within gynodioecious populations. Particularly valuable is determining the pollination success at the prezygotic stage in self-compatible gynodioecious species whose females do not exhibit enhanced seed production. METHODS: In core and marginal populations of Daphne laureola, we analyzed the differences between hermaphrodites and females in the proportion of flowers visited, the stigma pollen loads, and the quantity of pollen tubes in styles. We also examined the relationship between the number of pollen tubes in styles vs. the number of pollen grains on stigmas using piecewise regression and binomial generalized linear mixed models. KEY RESULTS: Pollinators deposited larger pollen loads on flowers in marginal populations. In marginal populations, female flowers received more pollinator visits and more pollen grains on their stigmas, and they had more pollen tubes in their styles than did female flowers in core populations. Both piecewise regression and binomial GLMM analyses showed that females in marginal populations had a lower proportion of grains that developed tubes than females in the core populations, which suggests decreased pollination quality. CONCLUSIONS: More efficient pollination services in marginal populations decreased the overall differences in the prezygotic pollination success between the sex morphs. Our results also suggest that pollination quality is lower in females of marginal populations, which could be counteracting the increased pollination in females in marginal populations.Peer Reviewe

Climate variability and vulnerability to poverty in Nicaragua

This study considers the effect of climate variability on vulnerability to poverty in Nicaragua. It discusses how such vulnerability could be measured and which heterogeneous effects can be expected. A multilevel empirical framework is applied, linking per capita consumption to household, regional and climate characteristics. Results confirm a negative effect of climate variability on consumption per capita of Nicaraguan households. This suggests the need for stronger public policies and more resources in order to adapt to the effect of climate change. Furthermore, the poverty reduction attainments reached since the 1990s could be jeopardized if this vulnerability persists

Las actitudes de los periodistas ante los métodos de legitimidad dudosa

La presente comunicación expone los resultados de un aspecto parcial de una investigación que abarca muy diversos asuntos relacionados con la ética periodística. Se trata del proyecto “Ética y excelencia informativa. La ética periodística frente a las expectativas de la ciudadanía”. Antes de pasar a presentar una serie de datos obtenidos, describiremos sucintamente el contexto científico del trabajo y la metodología empleada

Las actitudes de los periodistas ante los métodos de legitimidad dudosa

La presente comunicación expone los resultados de un aspecto parcial de una investigación que abarca muy diversos asuntos relacionados con la ética periodística. Se trata del proyecto “Ética y excelencia informativa. La ética periodística frente a las expectativas de la ciudadanía”. Antes de pasar a presentar una serie de datos obtenidos, describiremos sucintamente el contexto científico del trabajo y la metodología empleada

A model for the biochemical degradation of inosine monophosphate in hake (Merluccius merluccius)

7 páginas, 3 tablas, 3 figuras, 1 apéndiceATP-derived products are typically used as early indicators of fish quality loss during storage. In this work, we explore different biochemical routes that are potentially relevant in contributing to nucleotide degradation in hake (Merluccius merluccius). A major motivation of this study is to get more insight on the biochemical degradation mechanisms of nucleotide catabolites in hake muscle at fish storage and transport conditions. This requires the identification of its relevant pathways. To that purpose, different degradation routes proposed in the literature are considered and a mathematical model for the degradation process is derived. First order kinetics are assumed for all the reactions and temperature dependence is taken into account through the Arrhenius equation. Unknown model parameters, namely activation energies and pre-exponential Arrhenius coefficients, are estimated via fitting to experimental data. From the estimation results, relevant routes are identified. The kinetic study is performed on sterile fish juice to avoid coupling with microbial degradation mechanisms or possible interferences of the food matrix that might hide biochemical interactions. The proposed scheme adequately describes biochemical changes in nucleotide catabolites under variable temperature profiles. It also reveals a pathway which at least seems relevant for nucleotide degradation in hakeThe authors acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Projects ISFORQUALITY AGL2012-39951-C02-01, PIE 201230E042 and RESISTANCE DPI2014-54085-JIN)Peer reviewe

La compatibilidad del ejercicio de la profesión desde la perspectiva ética de los periodistas españoles

El objetivo de la presente comunicación es analizar la percepción que tienen los periodistas españoles respecto a la posibilidad de compatibilizar o no el ejercicio de la profesión con el desarrollo de otro tipo de tareas. ¿Están de acuerdo los profesionales en simultanear el periodismo con otras actividades? ¿Con cuáles son más comprensivos? ¿Antes cuáles muestran un mayor rechazo? ¿Es legítimo militar en partidos políticos o realizar publicidad comercial? ¿Es igual de lícito trabajar a la vez en varios medios informativos que hacerlo en un medio informativo y en un gabinete de prensa al mismo tiempo? ¿Qué razones explican las diferencias? ¿Podría haber ciertos factores que condicionen las apreciaciones? Éstas son algunas de las preguntas a las que trataremos de dar respuesta en esta comunicación que se inscribe en el proyecto de investigación “Ética y excelencia informativa. La deontología periodística frente a las expectativas de la ciudadanía”, financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España, dentro del Plan Nacional de I+D+i (2004–2007). Este proyecto se desarrolla de manera conjunta entre las Universidades Pompeu de Barcelona –que actúa como coordinadora–, Carlos III de Madrid, Universidad del País Vasco y Universidad de Sevilla

Revista de Vertebrados de la Estación Biológica de Doñana

Anfibios fósiles del Pleistoceno de Mallorca.Species densities of Reptiles and Amphibiansfon the Iberian PeninsulaEcología alimenticia del Petirrojo (Erithacus rubecula) durante su invernada en encinares del Sur de EspañaEl papel d. la Perdiz roja (Alectoris rufa) en la dieta de los predadores IbéricosComposición de las Comunidades de Passeriformes en dos biotopos de Sierra Morena Occidental.Sobre las Ginetas de la Isla de Ibiza (Genetta genetta isabelae n. ssp.)Peer reviewe