Derecho a la educación del menor trabajador

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Essential oil constituents as ecdysone receptor ligands of pest insects: in silico approach with autodock vina

The search for alternatives to the insect pest control has become a major global worry. These factor added to climate change may affect severely the agricultural production. Synthetic chemicals have been used as a system of control of these types of insects, although their application has raised various concerns including environment and human health damage. Nevertheless, the use of natural compounds, primarily those derived from plants like essential oils have been proposed as alternative for this purpose. Some authors have proposed different protein targets, among them chitin synthase, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) receptor and ecdysone receptor (EcR). However, the biochemical mechanisms responsible of their insecticide action are still lacking information. In this work, 47 constituents of essential oils were evaluated in silico in order to identify potential agonist of the ecdysone receptor to four pest insect species (Bemisia tabaci; 1Z5X, Tribolium castaneum, 2NXX, Heliothis virescens; 2R40, Helicoverpa armigera; 3IXP) using molecular docking protocols with AutoDock Vina 1.1 program. The results showed that essential oils constituents such as Camphorene, Kaur-16-ene, Pimara-7,15-dien-3-one, Pimara-7,15-dien-3-ol, Virifidol produced promising theoretical affinity values (between -8.2 to -8.8 kcal/mol) taking as reference the mean affinity value (-8.2 kcal/mol) obtained for eleven EcR LBD agonists with biological activity reported in the literature. AutoDock Vina affinities scores for several EcR LDB active compounds on the four different structures evaluated, found that only for H. virescen (PDB: 2R40) showed a significant linear correlation (r = 0.688, p-value <0.028) for theoretical affinity values and biological activity data, supporting the computational reliability of the predictions made by our docking simulations. Theoretical approaches suggest that these constituents of essential oils may be applied as possible natural insecticide agents and will provide a platform for structure-based design of stronger and selective insecticides with a lower risk to the environment and humans.Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación [CO] Colciencias5507-543-31904Programa: Bioprospección y desarrollo de ingredientes naturales para las industrias cosmética, farmacéutica y de productos de aseo con base en la biodiversidad colombianan

ElectrocutionData_WRC_JCyL

This is a file in .csv format which provides the electrocution records supplied by Wildlife Recovery Centres from the Community of Castile and Leon for the raptor electrocution risk modelling. Please see the attached README.pdf file for a description of the content of the file

ValidationData

This is a file in .csv format which provides the electrocution records used for validating the model predictions. Please see the attached README.pdf file for a description of the content of the file

Data layers

The file indicates the spatial layers that were used as inputs for the raptor electrocution risk modelling and provides the URLs at which they can be accessed

Data from: Where to start? development of a spatial tool to prioritise retrofitting of power line poles that are dangerous to raptors

1.Avian electrocution on power lines is a major conservation issue on a global scale. Electrocution risk models have recently been proposed as an effective alternative to prioritising high‐risk pole retrofitting activities at a large scale. However, existing models ignore the specific features of the power poles supporting the power distribution lines and make the tenuous assumption that pole density and power line length are key factors to assessing the electrocution risk at a large scale. This assumption may be violated in areas with high variations in pole configuration. 2.In this study, we used data on raptors electrocuted on poles to develop a predictive model of raptor electrocution risk throughout an extensive geographic area in north‐western Spain, using boosted regression trees (BRT). With the best‐fitting model we predicted the hazard of a set of 188 741 poles and validated the model predictions with new data collected from the study area. 3.Our model highlights the relevance of combining both habitat and technical features to identify the most dangerous poles for raptors on a large geographic scale. A 9·86% of the total poles evaluated were characterised as high risk for raptors. The model showed good performance in external validation. The new electrocution events were registered at poles with high‐risk values. 4.Synthesis and applications. In this study we improved the accuracy of the predictive models of raptor electrocution risk for large geographic areas. By incorporating the technical characteristics of the power poles into the models, we achieved a high level of prediction at the power pole level which is the ultimate correction unit. This will allow electric companies and wildlife managers to specify retrofitting activities of high‐risk power poles for raptors in large geographic areas, thus maximizing the effect of investment in the correction of dangerous power poles and conservation of the raptor populations

Essential oils from plants of the genus Cymbopogon as natural insecticides to control stored product pests

The repellent and fumigant activities of essential oils (EOs) isolated from plants of the Cymbopogon genus against adults of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) and Sitophilus zeamais Motsch were investigated. Cymbopogon martinii was the most toxic EO with LC50 values of 37.2 and 159 mL/L air for O. surinamensis and S. zeamais, respectively. Cymbopogon nardus EO showed greatest repellent activity with RC50 values of 0.03 and 0.04 mL/cm2, respectively, for examined pests. All oils were more effective as repellents than the commercial product IR3535, and O. surinamensis was more sensitive than S. zeamais to the EOs. These results suggest that EOs isolated from plants of the genus Cymbopogon can play an important role in stored grain protection and reduce the risks associated with the use of synthetic insecticides.Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación [CO] Colciencias5507-543-31904Programa: Bioprospección y desarrollo de ingredientes naturales para las industrias cosmética, farmacéutica y de productos de aseo con base en la biodiversidad colombianan