Euskalduna eta Piarres Lafitte

1. Eskualduna kazeta Martial-Henry Berdoly Mauleko suprefetak Le Réveil basque astekari errepublikarra kaleratu zuenean, 1886-ko abuztuan, Louis Etcheberry deputagai erregezaleak Eskualduna argitaratu zuen, 1887ko martxoaren 15ean, Le Réveil Basquek hautesle euskaldun guztiak erakarriko lituzkeen beldurrez. Izan ere, garai hartako politikariek ohitura zuten argitalpenenak kaleratzeko hauteskundeetan botuak lortzearren. Hala ere, Le Réveil Basque desagertu egin zen hauteskundeak burutu zirenet..

Técnicas de capacitación y su influencia en la productividad laboral en el sector de las medianas y pequeñas empresas. Una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica en los últimos trece años

RESUMEN El presente artículo describe la importancia que tiene la capacitación en las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes), que tuvo como objetivo, determinar cómo las técnicas de capacitación influyen en la productividad de los microempresarios Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura, por medio de la técnica de selección bibliográfica por bola de nieve y el uso de una estrategia de búsqueda rigurosamente definida. La información recogida en revistas indexadas en la base de datos Scielo, Redalyc y Google Académico, en cuanto a las capacitaciones todavía no ha sido sistematizada convenientemente La muestra estuvo compuesta por 24 artículos, producidas entre 2004 y 2017, para analizar las evidencias recogidas en diferentes investigaciones sobre las dimensiones: a) el impacto de la capacitación, b) estrategias de la capacitación ,c) la necesidades de la capacitación, teniendo como conclusión que los programas de capacitación, debe ser pilar para las pymes, ya que permitirá que las personas que forman las empresas de este tamaño cuenten con las competencias necesarias para que la empresa sea más productiva, de tal forma que los programas de Capacitación, constituyen una de las mejores inversiones en recursos humanos

Composição e distribuição da família paracalanidae (Copepoda: Calanoida) ao Largo de São Sebastião, estado de São Paulo-Brasil, com ênfase em três espécies de paracalanus

The qualitative structure as well as the distribution of Paracalanidae species off São Sebastião region, São Paulo State, Brazil, were studied from samples taken during Summer 1994 at 43 stations. Seven species belonging to the genera Paracalanus and Acrocalanus were identified: Paracalanus quasimodo, Paracalanus indicus, Paracalanus aculeatus, Paracalanus campaneri, Paracalanus crassirostris, Paracalanus nanus and Acrocalanus longicornis. The three first species were the most frequent and abundant in the area. The populations of Paracalanidae were composed basically of adult females, males and copedids IV -V and their densities were higher in the region localized between 20 m and 74 m. depth. The vertical distribution also was studied for a 24-h period at a fixed station (46 m. depth). High densities of Paracalanidae were found mostly above the thermocline specially during the nocturnal period, indicating a nocturnal upward migration.A composição e distribuição das espécies da família Paracalanidae ao largo de São Sebastião, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, foram estudadas a partir de amostras coletadas no verão de 1994, em 43 estações. Sete espécies pertencentes aos gêneros Paracalanus e Acrocalanus foram identificadas: Paracalanus quasimodo, Paracalanus indicus, Paracalanus aculeatus, Paracalanus campaneri, Paracalanus crassirostris, Paracalanus nanus e Acrocalanus longicornis, sendo as três primeiras espécies as mais freqüentes e numerosas. As populações de Paracalanidae foram formadas por femeas e machos adultos, seguidos dos estágios de copepóditos IV e V, sendo os maiores valores de densidade detectados na região localizada entre as isóbatas dos 20 m e 74 m. A distribuição vertical dos Paracalanidae foi estudada em uma estação fixa, de 24 horas de duração, onde a profundidade atingia 46 m. As maiores densidades foram encontradas acima da termoclina, principalmente durante o período noturno, indicando que essas espécies se deslocam para as camadas superiores durante a noite

Gln27Glu polymorphism in the beta2 adrenergic receptor gene and lipid metabolism during exercise in obese women

BACKGROUND: The Glu27Glu genotype in the beta-2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) is associated with fat mass, body mass index and obesity in females. In our population, we previously found an association of higher body mass index (BMI) among women who reported more physical activity and carried the Glu27 allele as compared to non carriers with the same level of activity. OBJECTIVE: To examine the lipid metabolism differences, both at rest and during submaximal exercise in ADRB2 Glu27Glu vs Gln27Gln obese women. SUBJECTS: Eight obese women with the Glu27Glu genotype (age, 43±5 y; body mass index (BMI), 31.7±0.9 kg/m2; percentage fat mass, 42.0±1.3; WHR, 0.83±0.02; and VO2max, 21.6±0.9 ml/kg/min) were compared with seven obese women with the Gln27Gln genotype (age, 43±5 y; BMI, 33.9±1.3 kg/m2; percentage fat mass, 41.6±1.2; WHR, 0.83±0.02; and VO2max, 20.6±0.8 ml/kg/min). MEASUREMENTS: The ADRB2 polymorphism was identified by PCR-RFLP. Respiratory quotient was determined by indirect calorimetry at baseline, during 1 h of walking on a treadmill and 1 h after the exercise. Plasma triglycerides, glycerol, FFA, hydroxybutyrate, glucose and lactate were assayed by spectrophotometric methods. Insulin, leptin and progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay. Adrenaline and noradrenaline were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The ADRB2 Glu27Glu subjects had lower plasma glycerol (P=0.047) and lower hydroxybutyrate (P=0.001) throughout the study than the Gln27Gln group. Plasma triglycerides (P=0.001), lactate (P<0.05) and serum insulin (P<0.05) remained higher in the Glu27Glu group vs the Gln27Gln group. The respiratory quotient (RQ) was higher in the Glu27Glu obese women along the study (P=0.046), and fat oxidation was significantly lower in this group during the recovery (P=0.048). The other variables did not differ statistically between groups. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that both lipolysis and fat oxidation promoted by an acute submaximal exercise intervention could be blunted in the polymorphic ADRB2 Glu27Glu group of our female obese population

Relationship between density of stomata and lenticels in leaves and fruits of walnut (Juglans regia L.) and the severity of xanthomonas arboricola pv. Juglandis

Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis genera graves daños en diferentes cultivares de nogal. La bacteria se disemina por el agua y puede ingresar a través de entradas naturales de diferentes órganos de la planta. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las características anatómicas de las hojas y los frutos de dos cultivares de nogal, Chandler y Franquette, y relacionarlas con la severidad de la enfermedad. La severidad de la enfermedad en la hoja (SevH) se determinó utilizando la escala de daño de Spielman, modificada. La densidad estomática (DE), el largo y el ancho de los estomas, se midieron utilizando un microscopio óptico, y el tamaño y la densidad de lenticelas (DL) en los frutos se midieron con un microscopio estereoscópico, ambos equipos con una escala ocular micrométrica. La severidad de la enfermedad en frutos (SevF) se evaluó mediante una escala que contempla 4 grados. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en la SevH y en la DE entre los cultivares. El tamaño de los estomas presentó diferencias significativas solamente en la longitud, siendo mayor en cv. Chandler. Se determinó una fuerte correlación (r = 0,98) entre la SevH y la DE. Además, se observaron diferencias significativas entre cvs. Chandler y Franquette en términos de SevF y DL. No se observaron diferencias en el tamaño de las lenticelas. Los resultados permiten inferir que la DE y la DL son caracteres morfológicos a tener en cuenta cuando se analiza la susceptibilidad o tolerancia de cultivares de nogal frente a la peste negra del nogal.Xanthomonas arborícola pv. juglandis generates severe damage to different walnut cultivars. The bacterium is carried through water and can enter plants through natural plant openings. The objective of this work was to analyze the anatomical characteristics of leaves and fruits of two walnut cultivars, Chandler and Franquette, and relate these traits to disease severity. Leaf disease severity (SevH) was determined using the modified Spielman’s damage scale. Stomatal density (DE), length and width of stomata were measured using a microscope, and the size and density of lenticels (DL) in the fruits were measured using a stereoscopic microscope, with an ocular micrometer. Fruit disease severity (SevF) was evaluated using a scale that included 4 levels of severity. The results showed significant differences in SevH and DE between cultivars. Stomatal size presented statistical differences only in length, being greater in Chandler. A strong correlation (r = 0.98) was found between SevH and DE. In addition, significant differences were observed between Chandler and Franquette in terms of SevF and DL. However, no differences were observed in lenticel size. The results obtained allow inferring that DE and DL should be taken into account when analyzing the susceptibility or tolerance of cultivars against walnut blight.Fil: Chorolque, Amelia Amanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Confluencia; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Universidad Región Zona Atlántica; ArgentinaFil: Pozzo Ardizzi, María Cristina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Universidad Región Zona Atlántica; ArgentinaFil: Hernandez, Luis Francisco. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentin

Bacteriosis en nogal (Juglans regia L.) en el Valle Inferior del Río Negro

El “tizón bacteriano”, producido por la bacteria Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis, es una de las principales enfermedades que afectan las plantaciones de nogal en la zona del VIRN, disminuye la calidad comercial del cultivo y genera importantes pérdidas en la cosecha.Fil: Chorolque, Amelia Amanda. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Universitario Regional Zona Atlántica. Departamento de Gestión Agropecuaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Confluencia; ArgentinaFil: Pozzo Ardizzi, María Cristina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Universitario Regional Zona Atlántica. Departamento de Gestión Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Hernandez, Luis Francisco. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentin

Ensiling on chemical composition and in vitro fermentation in rabbits of different forages

The effect of chemical composition of silages on in vitro gas fermentation profiles in rabbits was examined. The study was performed using 7 silages: beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), faba bean (FB, Vicia faba), common vetch (CV, Vicia sativa), ryegrass (Lolium perenne), barley (B, Hordeum vulgare), barley with common vetch (BCV) and barley with faba bean (BFB). We used 3 New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits as donors of caecal content in each incubation run (n=3). Data were analyzed in a completely randomized experimental design. The CV silage showed higher values of crude protein (CP), followed by FB and bean silages (P<0.001). Barley silage had the lowest CP content (96g kg -1 DM) (P=0.001). The NDF and ADF content were lower (P<0.001) for beans and CV compared with the rest of the forage silages. Ryegrass silage had higher values of dry matter degradation, organic matter degradation, relative GP and SCFA (P<0.001). The highest values of digestible energy were for CV and bean silages (P<0.001). Ryegrass and CV silages showed higher levels in GP parameters, which could be associated with their better chemical composition characteristics, mainly pr otein and fiber content

Platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase deletion provokes a compensatory 12/15-lipoxygenase increase that exacerbates oxidative stress in mouse islet β cells

In type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune event increases oxidative stress in islet β cells, giving rise to cellular dysfunction and apoptosis. Lipoxygenases are enzymes that catalyze the oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids that can form lipid metabolites involved in several biological functions, including oxidative stress. 12-Lipoxygenase and 12/15-lipoxygenase are related but distinct enzymes that are expressed in pancreatic islets, but their relative contributions to oxidative stress in these regions are still being elucidated. In this study, we used mice with global genetic deletion of the genes encoding 12-lipoxygenase (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12S type [Alox12]) or 12/15-lipoxygenase (Alox15) to compare the influence of each gene deletion on β cell function and survival in response to the β cell toxin streptozotocin. Alox12−/− mice exhibited greater impairment in glucose tolerance following streptozotocin exposure than WT mice, whereas Alox15−/− mice were protected against dysglycemia. These changes were accompanied by evidence of islet oxidative stress in Alox12−/− mice and reduced oxidative stress in Alox15−/− mice, consistent with alterations in the expression of the antioxidant response enzymes in islets from these mice. Additionally, islets from Alox12−/− mice displayed a compensatory increase in Alox15 gene expression, and treatment of these mice with the 12/15-lipoxygenase inhibitor ML-351 rescued the dysglycemic phenotype. Collectively, these results indicate that Alox12 loss activates a compensatory increase in Alox15 that sensitizes mouse β cells to oxidative stress

Nitrogen and euphotic/mixing zone ratio explain cyanobacterial occurrence in small subtropical man-made lakes (Uruguay)

Las floraciones de cianobacterias potencialmente tóxicas son un problema global causado por el incremento de la eutrofización. Las causas del desarrollo de cianobacterias han sido ampliamente estudiadas en sistemas templados. Estos estudios son escasos en latitudes intermedias, sin embargo, son importantes para evaluar los efectos potenciales del cambio climático. Nuestro objetivo fue explicar las diferencias en la comunidad fitoplanctonica y la presencia de cianobacterias de siete lagos artificiales y eutróficos del sudeste uruguayo, en función de sus variables ambientales. Estudiamos la disponibilidad de recursos, mezcla, depredación y morfometría. Evaluamos experimentalmente la importancia relativa de nitrógeno y fósforo en el crecimiento de las comunidades naturales con cianobacterias. La composición específica del fitoplancton fue diferente en cada lago. Los factores determinantes de la estructura comunitaria fueron la disponibilidad de nitrógeno disuelto y la relación zona eufótica/mezcla. Algunos lagos estuvieron dominados por cianobacterias (Microcystis aeruginosa y Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii) a pesar de las bajas temperaturas (11-12ºC). Encontramos aumento del crecimiento especies de gran tamaño (>10μm), incluyendo cianobacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno, frente al enriquecimiento con nitrato. Sin embargo, los organismos más pequeños (10 μm), including nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria, increased their growth rates with increasing nitrate concentration. In contrast, smaller species (<10 μm) responded to increased phosphate concentration. We observed that there was no correspondence between massive growth of cyanobacteria and lower diversity systems.Fil: Fabre, Amelia. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Carballo, Carmela. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Hernandez, Esnedy. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Piriz, Pablo. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Bergamino, Leandro. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Mello, Luciana. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Gonzalez, Silvana. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Perez, German. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas "Clemente Estable"; UruguayFil: León, José Gabriel. Departamento General de Irrigación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Aubriot, Luis. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Bonilla, Sylvia. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Kruk, Carla. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; Urugua

Group A Streptococcus M1T1 Intracellular Infection of Primary Tonsil Epithelial Cells Dampens Levels of Secreted IL-8 Through the Action of SpyCEP.

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus; GAS) commonly causes pharyngitis in children and adults, with severe invasive disease and immune sequelae being an infrequent consequence. The ability of GAS to invade the host and establish infection likely involves subversion of host immune defenses. However, the signaling pathways and innate immune responses of epithelial cells to GAS are not well-understood. In this study, we utilized RNAseq to characterize the inflammatory responses of primary human tonsil epithelial (TEpi) cells to infection with the laboratory-adapted M6 strain JRS4 and the M1T1 clinical isolate 5448. Both strains induced the expression of genes encoding a wide range of inflammatory mediators, including IL-8. Pathway analysis revealed differentially expressed genes between mock and JRS4- or 5448-infected TEpi cells were enriched in transcription factor networks that regulate IL-8 expression, such as AP-1, ATF-2, and NFAT. While JRS4 infection resulted in high levels of secreted IL-8, 5448 infection did not, suggesting that 5448 may post-transcriptionally dampen IL-8 production. Infection with 5448ΔcepA, an isogenic mutant lacking the IL-8 protease SpyCEP, resulted in IL-8 secretion levels comparable to JRS4 infection. Complementation of 5448ΔcepA and JRS4 with a plasmid encoding 5448-derived SpyCEP significantly reduced IL-8 secretion by TEpi cells. Our results suggest that intracellular infection with the pathogenic GAS M1T1 clone induces a strong pro-inflammatory response in primary tonsil epithelial cells, but modulates this host response by selectively degrading the neutrophil-recruiting chemokine IL-8 to benefit infection