221 research outputs found
Análisis Estratégico de una empresa italiana en pleno crecimiento: Ēcom
Este trabajo presenta el análisis estratégico de una empresa italiana especializada en marketing digital y diseño gráfico llamada Ēcom. Es una organización que se encarga de ayudar a otras empresas tanto en su posicionamiento en el mercado como también en su desarrollo y crecimiento. Todo esto lo lleva a cabo a través del uso de técnicas relacionadas con el marketing digital. Resulta especialmente interesante su análisis puesto que se encuentra en un momento importante de expansión. La principal fuente de información para la elaboración del trabajo es la experiencia de la candidata en la propia empresa, ya que ha realizado prácticas durante 6 meses en la misma, lo que le ha permitido conocer de primera mano su funcionamiento, organización y los retos a los que se enfrenta la misma.<br /
Laboratory study of rate coefficients for H2O:He inelastic collisions between 20 and 120K
8 pags. ; 7 figs. ; 4 tabls. ; Supporting material: machine-readable tablesState-to-state rate coefficients for ortho-H2O:He and para-H2O:He inelastic collisions in the 20-120 K thermal range are investigated by means of an improved experimental procedure. This procedure is based on the use of a kinetic master equation (MEQ) which describes the evolution of populations of H2O rotational levels along a supersonic jet of H2O highly diluted in helium. The MEQ is expressed in terms of experimental observables and rate coefficients for H2O:He inelastic collisions. The primary experimental observables are the local number density and the populations of the rotational energy levels of H2O, quantities which are determined along the jet with unprecedented accuracy by means of Raman spectroscopy with high space resolution. Sets of rate coefficients from the literature and from present close-coupling calculations using two different potential energy surfaces (PESs) have been tested against the experiment. The Green et al. rate coefficients are up to 50% too low compared to the experiment, while most rates calculated here from the Hodges et al. PES and the Patkowski et al. PES are much closer to the experimental values. Experimental rates with an estimated accuracy on the order of 10% have been obtained for ortho-H2O:He and para-H2O:He inelastic collisions between 20 and 120 K by scaling and averaging the theoretical rates to the experiment. 2015. C The American Astronomical SocietyThis work has been supported by the Spanish Ministerios de Innovación (MICINN) and Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) through the research projects FIS2010-22064-C01,
FIS2010-22064-C02, FIS2013-48275-C2-1-P, and FIS2013-48275-C2-2-P, and CONSOLIDER-ASTROMOL CSD2009-0038.Peer reviewe
Influence of Drilling Technique on the Radiographic, Thermographic, and Geomorphometric Effects of Dental Implant Drills and Osteotomy Site Preparations
The aim of this comparative study is to analyze the influence of drilling technique on the
radiographic, thermographic, and geomorphometric e ects of dental implant drills and osteotomy site
preparations. One hundred and twenty osteotomy site preparations were performed on sixty epoxy
resin samples using three unused dental implant drill systems and four drilling techniques performed
with a random distribution into the following study groups: Group A: drilling technique performed
at 800 rpm with irrigation (n = 30); Group B: drilling technique performed at 45 rpm without irrigation
(n = 30); Group C: drilling technique performed at 45 rpm with irrigation (n = 30); and Group D:
drilling technique performed at 800 rpm without irrigation (n = 30). The osteotomy site preparation
morphologies performed by the 4.1 mm diameter dental implant drills from each study group were
analyzed and compared using a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan. The termographic
e ects generated by the 4.1 mm diameter dental implant drills from each study group were registered
using a termographic digital camera and the unused and 4.1 mm diameter dental implant drills
that were used 30 times from each study group were exposed to a micro computed tomography
(micro-CT) analysis to obtain a Standard Tessellation Language (STL) digital files that determined the
wear comparison by geomorphometry. Statistically significant di erences were observed between
the thermographic and radiographic results of the study groups (p < 0.001). The e ect of cooling
significatively reduced the heat generation during osteotomy site preparation during high-speed
drilling; furthermore, osteotomy site preparation was not a ected by the wear of the dental implant
drills after 30 uses, regardless of the drilling technique.Odontologí
Elaboración de Productos Embutidos a Base de Pulpa de Macabí
The objective of this study is to promote healthy eating habits through the production of sausage made from fish.
The study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive scope
and an active participation research design, using participative
observation and focus group techniques. The study’s findings
are that both the participants and the community involved in
discussions on the product found it to be viable and liked it. Additionally, through workshops, awareness was raised and information was shared on the changes in eating habits required to
promote a healthy culture.El presente artículo tiene como objetivo fomentar
hábitos alimenticios saludables a través de la producción de productos embutidos a base de pescado. Metodológicamente se orientó desde un tipo de investigación cualitativa desde un alcance
descriptivo con un diseño de investigación acción-participación,
utilizando como técnicas la observación participante y los grupos focales. Los resultados obtenidos fueron que tanto los participantes como la comunidad a la que le fue socializado el producto, les parecieron viable y fue acogido con gran gusto, además
por medio de los talleres lograron concientizarse y aprender de
los cambios necesarios en los hábitos alimenticios y así promover
una cultura saludable
Effect of the moderate and high intensity chronic exercise on plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha and Langerhans islets histology in healthy rats
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, negatively affects β-cell physiology and morphology, as occurs during type 1 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Physical exercise is a good tool to reduce the pro-inflammatory state. PURPOSE: The present study investigated the effects of moderate and high-intensity chronic exercise on plasma TNF-α levels in a basal state; it further analyzed whether these cytokine changes are associated with changes in the pancreatic Langerhans islets morphology under healthy state. METHODS: Two month-old healthy male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (C) (n = 7), moderate intensity training (MIT) (n = 7), and high intensity training (HIT) (n = 5). The training protocol consisted of 24 exercise sessions, which involved running in a treadmill. The training intensity was 60% of the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) for MIT and 80% VO2max for HIT. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, plasma samples were obtained from the three groups to determine TNF-α and insulin levels with ELISA method. The duodenal pancreas was dissected to analyze the Langerhans islets. The correlation analysis among the nuclei/total islet area was carried out. RESULTS: The HIT group showed lower TNF-α plasma levels compared with the C group. Systemic insulin levels were not significantly modified in basal state by the chronic exercise intensity. In addition all the experimental groups showed a positive nuclei/islet area correlation. CONCLUSIONS: Under healthy conditions, the high intensity training reduces the plasma TNF-α level, but this effect is not associated with functionality or morphology changes of the pancreatic Langerhans islets. This study emphasizes the importance of one threshold in the exercise training to reduce the plasmatic TNF-α levels in a healthy state model
Characterization of source rocks and groundwater radioactivity at the Chihuahua valley
As part of a scientific research project about alpha radioactivity in groundwater for human consumption at the Chihuahua City, the charac-terization of rock sources of radioactivity around de Chihuahua valley was developed. The radioactivity of groundwater and sediments wasdetermined, too. The radioactivity of uranium- and thorium- series isotopes contained in rocks was obtained by high resolution gamma-rayspectroscopy. Some representative values are 50 Bq/kg for the mean value of Bi-214 activity, and 121.5 Bq/kg for the highest value at Westof the city. The activity of sediments, extracted during wells perforation, was determined using a NaI(Tl) detector. A non-reported beforeuranium ore was localized at the San Marcos range formation. Its outcrops are inside the Chihuahua-Sacramento valley basin and its activ-ity characterization was performed. Unusually high specific uranium activities, determined by alpha spectrometry, were obtained in water,plants, sediments and fish extracted at locations close to outcrops of uranium minerals. The activity of water of the San Marcos dam reached7.7 Bq/L. The activity of fish, trapped at San Marcos dam, is 0.99 Bq/kg. Conclusions about the contamination of groundwater at North ofChihuahua City were obtained.Como parte de un proyecto cient ́ıfico sobre actividad alfa en agua subterr ́anea de consumo humano en la ciudad de Chihuahua, se hadesarrollado la caracterizaci ́on de las rocas fuentes de la radiactividad en el valle de Chihuahua. Se determin ́o tambi ́en la actividad de muestrasde agua subterr ́anea y de sedimentos. La actividad de los is ́otopos de las series radiactivas en las rocas se obtuvo usando espectroscop ́ıagamma de alta resoluci ́on. Algunos valores representativos son 50 Bq/kg para el valor medio de la actividad del Bi-214 y 121.5 Bq/kg para elvalor m ́as alto al oeste de la ciudad. La actividad de los sedimentos extra ́ıdos durante la perforaci ́on de pozos para agua potable, se determin ́ousando un detector de NaI(Tl). En la formaci ́on monta ̃nosa de San Marcos se localiz ́o un dep ́osito de uranio no publicado. Sus afloramientosse encuentran dentro de la cuenca del valle Chihuahua-Sacramento y se realiz ́o la caracterizaci ́on de su radiactividad. Se determinaronactividades por espectrometr ́ıa alfa de agua, plantas, sedimentos y peces extra ́ıdos en emplazamientos cercanos a los afloramientos deminerales de uranio. La actividad del agua en la presa de san Marcos lleg ́o a 7.7 Bq/L. La actividad de pescados de la misma presa alcanza0.99 Bq/kg. Se obtuvieron conclusiones sobre la contaminaci ́on del agua subterr ́anea al norte de la ciudad de Chihuahua
Reforestation and conservation of native trees in the Municipality of San Rafael Municipality of San Sebastián Magdalena
El objetivo de esta investigación fue dar a conocer el estado
actual de la deforestación, como una de las acciones del
hombre en el uso indiscriminado de los recursos de la
naturaleza, especialmente en la tala y quema de bosques.
Lo que ha afectado el medio ambiente, generando la desaparición paulatina de muchas especies importantes de la
flora y la fauna, entre otras. El presente estudio se realiza
desde una mirada cualitativa, describiendo las causas que
han obligado a la comunidad de San Rafael a destruir con
diferentes actividades los árboles nativos de importantes
especies en el entorno. Para el logro de los objetivos se
aplicaron entrevistas estructuradas a los estudiantes y
pobladores del municipio. Como conclusiones es importante mencionar que la deforestación en el municipio de
San Sebastián ha disminuido en comparación con años
anteriores, sin embargo, se debe seguir trabajando en
temas de educación ambiental.The objective of this research was to present the current
state of deforestation, as one of the actions of man in
the indiscriminate use of natural resources, especially
in the felling and burning of forests. What has affected
the environment, generating the gradual disappearance of many important species of flora and fauna,
among others. The present study is carried out from
a qualitative perspective, writing the causes that have
forced the community of San Rafael to destroy with
different activities the native trees of important species
in the environment. In order to achieve the objectives,
a structured interview was applied to the students and
residents of San Rafael. As conclusions, it is important
to mention that deforestation in the municipality of
San Sebastián has decreased compared to previous
years, however, work should continue on environmental
education issues
Involvement of stanniocalcins in the deregulation of glycaemia in obese mice and type 2 diabetic patients
Las estanniocalcinas se expresan en el tejido del páncreas, y se sugirió una correlación directa entre la insulina circulante y las concentraciones de STC2 en el ser humano. Aquí, mostramos una correlación significativa entre STC1 y tanto la glucemia como la hemoglobina glicosilada entre los pacientes con DM2, mientras que los pacientes con DM2 que presentan los mayores valores de hemoglobina glicosilada exhibieron la menor expresión de STC2. Sin embargo, el tratamiento de los pacientes con fármacos antiglicémicos no modifica significativamente la expresión de ambas STC. Por otra parte, los ratones STC2-/- que mostraron sobrepeso neonatal y adulto presentaron además una glucemia desregulada cuando fueron alimentados con una dieta hipercalórica (pellet de cría, BP). Esta alteración es más evidente en las primeras etapas de la vida animal. La glucemia desregulada en estos ratones se confirmó mediante una prueba oral de glucosa. Además, los ratones STC2-/- presentan un aumento del tamaño del páncreas; así, el análisis histológico revela que los ratones WT responden a la dieta BP aumentando el tamaño de los islotes pancreáticos a través de la inducción de la división celular, y los ratones STC2-/- carecen de este mecanismo compensatorio. Contrariamente, los ratones alimentados con STC2-/- muestran un mayor número de islotes pero de tamaño similar a los alimentados con el pellet regular. El análisis histopatológico demuestra la alteración de la estructura de los tejidos y las infiltraciones de eritrocitos en los ratones STC2-/-, posiblemente debido al estrés evocado por la dieta BP. Por último, se observó una mayor inmunotinción de glucagón en el islote de los ratones STC2-/-, y el ensayo ELISA de glucagón confirmó el aumento del glucagón circulante. En resumen, presentamos pruebas del papel de los STC, principalmente el STC2, como posible marcador temprano durante el desarrollo de la diabetes mellitus.Stanniocalcins are expressed in the pancreas tissue, and it was suggested a direct correlation between circulating insulin and STC2 concentrations in human. Here, we show a significant correlation between STC1 and both glycaemia and glycosylated haemoglobin among DM2 patients, while DM2 patients who present the greatest glycosylated haemoglobin values exhibited the lowest STC2 expression. However, treatment of patients with antiglycaemic drugs does not significantly modify the expression of both STCs. On the other hand, STC2-/- mice that exhibited neonatal and adult overweight further presented deregulated glycaemia when they were feed with a hypercaloric diet (breeding pellet, BP). This alteration is more evident at the early stages of the animal life. Deregulated glycaemia in these mice was confirmed using glucose oral test. In addition, STC2-/- mice present enhanced pancreas size; thus, the histological analysis reveals that WT mice respond to BP diet by increasing the size of the pancreatic islets through inducing cell division, and STC2-/- mice lack this compensatory mechanism. Contrary, BP fed STC2-/- mice show enhanced number of islets but of similar size than those fed with regular pellet. Histopathological analysis demonstrates tissue structure disruption and erythrocytes infiltrations in STC2-/- mice, possibly due to the stress evoked by the BP diet. Finally, enhanced glucagon immunostaining was observed in the islet of STC2-/- mice, and the glucagon ELISA assay confirmed the increase in the circulating glucagon. Summarizing, we present evidence of the role of STCs, mainly STC2, as a possible early marker during development of diabetes mellitus.• Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Becas 2013‐45564C2‐1‐P, BFU‐2016‐74932‐C2‐1‐P
• Programa Juan de la Cierva. Becas IJCI‐2015‐25665, JC‐2012‐ 2934
• Junta de Extremadura. Beca PRIIB16046peerReviewe
Switching to Glycerol Phenylbutyrate in 48 Patients with Urea Cycle Disorders: Clinical Experience in Spain
Background and objectives: Glycerol phenylbutyrate (GPB) has demonstrated safety and efficacy in patients with urea cycle disorders (UCDs) by means of its clinical trial program, but there are limited data in clinical practice. In order to analyze the efficacy and safety of GPB in clinical practice, here we present a national Spanish experience after direct switching from another nitrogen scavenger to GPB. Methods: This observational, retrospective, multicenter study was performed in 48 UCD patients (age 11.7 ± 8.2 years) switching to GPB in 13 centers from nine Spanish regions. Clinical, biochemical, and nutritional data were collected at three different times: prior to GPB introduction, at first follow-up assessment, and after one year of GPB treatment. Number of related adverse effects and hyperammonemic crisis 12 months before and after GPB introduction were recorded. Results: GPB was administered at a 247.8 ± 102.1 mg/kg/day dose, compared to 262.6 ± 126.1 mg/kg/day of previous scavenger (46/48 Na-phenylbutyrate). At first follow-up (79 ± 59 days), a statistically significant reduction in ammonia (from 40.2 ± 17.3 to 32.6 ± 13.9 μmol/L, p < 0.001) and glutamine levels (from 791.4 ± 289.8 to 648.6 ± 247.41 μmol/L, p < 0.001) was observed. After one year of GPB treatment (411 ± 92 days), we observed an improved metabolic control (maintenance of ammonia and glutamine reduction, with improved branched chain amino acids profile), and a reduction in hyperammonemic crisis rate (from 0.3 ± 0.7 to less than 0.1 ± 0.3 crisis/patients/year, p = 0.02) and related adverse effects (RAE, from 0.5 to less than 0.1 RAEs/patients/year p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the safety of direct switching from other nitrogen scavengers to GPB in clinical practice, which improves efficacy, metabolic control, and RAE compared to previous treatments.This study was funded by AECOM (Spanish Association for the Study of Inborn Errors of
Metabolism). Immedica Pharma Spain funded medical writing support and article processing charges
Genomics And Susceptibility Profiles Of Extensively Drug-resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates From Spain
This study assessed the molecular epidemiology, resistance mechanisms, and susceptibility profiles of a collection of 150 extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates obtained from a 2015 Spanish multicenter study, with a particular focus on resistome analysis in relation to ceftolozane-tazobactam susceptibility. Broth microdilution MICs revealed that nearly all (> 95%) of the isolates were nonsusceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem, and ciprofloxacin. Most of them were also resistant to tobramycin (77%), whereas nonsusceptibility rates were lower for ceftolozane-tazobactam (31%), amikacin (7%), and colistin (2%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-multilocus sequence typing (PFGE-MLST) analysis revealed that nearly all of the isolates belonged to previously described high-risk clones. Sequence type 175 (ST175) was detected in all 9 participating hospitals and accounted for 68% (n = 101) of the XDR isolates, distantly followed by ST244 (n = 16), ST253 (n = 12), ST235 (n = 8), and ST111 (n = 2), which were detected only in 1 to 2 hospitals. Through phenotypic and molecular methods, the presence of horizontally acquired carbapenemases was detected in 21% of the isolates, mostly VIM (17%) and GES enzymes (4%). At least two representative isolates from each clone and hospital (n = 44) were fully sequenced on an illumina MiSeq. Classical mutational mechanisms, such as those leading to the overexpression of the beta-lactamase AmpC or efflux pumps, OprD inactivation, and/or quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) mutations, were confirmed in most isolates and correlated well with the resistance phenotypes in the absence of horizontally acquired determinants. Ceftolozane-tazobactam resistance was not detected in carbapenemase-negative isolates, in agreement with sequencing data showing the absence of ampC mutations. The unique set of mutations responsible for the XDR phenotype of ST175 clone documented 7 years earlier were found to be conserved, denoting the long-term persistence of this specific XDR lineage in Spanish hospitals. Finally, other potentially relevant mutations were evidenced, including those in penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3), which is involved in beta-lactam (including ceftolozane-tazobactam) resistance, and FusA1, which is linked to aminoglycoside resistance
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