La provisión de cargos políticos en la audiencia de Guatemala (1701-1720): venalidad y criollismo

Estudio de la provisión de cargos de gobierno en la audiencia de Guatemala por Felipe V entre 1701 y 1720. Se analiza la venalidad en esta etapa, el número de provisiones, la cuantía de los ingresos y el origen de los provistos, haciendo una comparación con el periodo anterior (1674-1700). Se estudian los individuos que ejercieron, en especial los criollos, su vinculación al beneficio y su perfil social y geográficoDepartamento de Historia Moderna, Contemporánea y de América, Periodismo y Comunicación Audiovisual y PublicidadGrado en Histori

Postpartum ovarian activity and response to progestagen treatment in rustic beef cows (Spanish Retinta) underfed to simulate their typical ranging conditions

Retinta cattle, a rustic beef breed raised in free-ranging conditions in the Southwest of Spain, are adapted to seasonal pasture scarcity but exhibit a prolonged calving interval. This study characterized the ovarian activity and response to progestagen treatment (Synchromate-B type) in feed-restricted, postpartum Retinta cows. Forty cows were fed a restricted diet so that competition among cows resulted in a range of body condition scores (BCS) of 2 through 6 on a 1-9 scale. On the 90th postpartum day, a Norgestomet ear implant was administered to Treated cows (n = 20) for 9 days, followed by a 48-hour period of calf withdrawal. The remaining 20 cows served as Controls. For both groups, daily to weekly blood samples were collected from the 2nd to the 9th month postpartum and assayed for 17-[beta]-estradiol and progesterone. Intact bulls were used for breeding and estrous detection. Calves were weaned at 7-7.5 months of age. Twenty-seven cows showed estrus (on the 16-35th week postpartum) and 24 cows were confirmed pregnant (on the 19-35th week postpartum) by the end of the experiment. Treatment neither affected the conception rate nor the interval from calving to first estrus or to conception. High-BCS cows had greater conception rate and resumed estrous cyclicity and conceived earlier than low-BCS cows. Cows remaining nonpregnant by weaning had a lower and more rapidly decreasing BCS than cows conceiving before weaning. The weekly mean of cumulative progesterone release up to the 3rd week of pregnancy was not affected by treatment but it was greater and increased more rapidly in high- versus low-BCS cows. Peak progesterone values were considerably higher than the values usually reported for other beef cattle breeds. In summary, the Retinta cows in this study exhibited a marked refractoriness to estrous induction/synchronization treatment and had a prolonged postpartum anestrus either at low or adequate BCS levels. Further, undernutrition prolonged the postpartum interval to estrus and conception

Evaluation of satisfaction among relatives of mentally disabled patients who were users of a dental care protocol under general anaesthesia

Objectives: In the field of action of disease associated with dependence the Third Health Plan of Castilla y León aims specifically at promoting the adjustment of health assistance to the needs of disabled people, according to their situation. Our objectives were: General: To know the satisfaction level among relatives or caregivers of people who were treated according to a protocol of dental care for mentally disabled people. Specific: To know if satisfaction is related to any sociodemographic characteristics of patients or to their pathology. Study design: Cross-sectional study by telephone survey, set in the Primary Health Area of Salamanca. The target population includes relatives or caregivers of mentally disabled patients who were sent to the hospital for treatment under general anaesthesia after being attended in Primary Dental Care Units, from 1st of June/2005 to 31st of May/2006. Social and demographic variables and patients' diseases, as well as level of satisfaction with the service, were studied through a survey. Results: 67.4% of patients' relatives or caregivers answered the survey, among whom 94.7% (C.I. 95%: 89-100%) were quite or very satisfied with the service in general. Conclusion: The protocol has high acceptance despite its diffi culties and it has achieved considerable improve- difficulties improvements in several aspects of patients' life. This level of satisfaction was not related to any sociodemographic or clinical patient characteristics. Nevertheless, accessibility aspects and communication with patients may still be improved. © Medicina Oral S. L

Noisy Environments: the Influence on Basic Cognitive Processes

The attention processes in people is affected by background noise produced by many different sources. Beta (13-30Hz) and Theta (4-7 Hz) waves are directly related to attention and memory processes. Volunteers were asked to perform an attention test with and without background noise and their cerebral activity was recorded through electroencephalography (EEG). Results shows significant decreases in both beta and theta frequency bands (beta 13-30 Hz and theta 4-7 Hz) under background noise exposure. The attentional improvement is related to increases of the beta and theta waves, and we have observed that those decreases are directly related to a lack of attention caused by the exposure to background noise

Buildings environmental impact assessment: simulation of textures

To study the construction as modifying of the environment and by so much as aesthetic attribute of the scene should know in what aspect influences. The physical resources of the landscape will be very seemed before and after the incorporation of a project (quality of content). Therefore they will be mainly the new composition of the elements (communicative quality) and the aesthetic resources (quality aesthetics) on those which will influence the constructions. The different points of view election will remain settled with the simulation by infographic photocomposition. The visual and aesthetic aspect of any object is defined by their characteristic of color, form, line and texture. It could be also added any elements of compositive reference as are its scale and being tried to stages, as is the case of the landscape, its spatial character. In this article we will center ourselves in one of these attributes: the texture. The different textures vision is crucial in the communication. The simulation of the landscapte has suffered a great impulse with the treatment of the photograph. This method admits various alternatives. It can be analyzed the taken image of the reality such which, or deducting some of its parts, adding some other element originating from the same or of other scene, or including constructions designed in CAD. The great advance, for the investigation of the visual perception, is procured in the composition using the landscape as fund and a construcion created through a design program attended by ordering. This step supposes great alternatives variability and a rapid generation of the same. Settled the great problem to obtain to compatibilize the points of view of the panorama and of the superposed performance and climinated by photographic treatment the properties of the surfaces that tent to be smooth and metalized brilliants. The reflections and conclusions of the texture emerge with speed. They are analyzed in the study the different simulations with different textures

On the recalcitrant use of Arnon’s method for chlorophyll determination

Letters - New Phytol.This work was supported by the Basque Government (UPV/EHU-GV IT-1018-16), and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and the ERDF (FEDER) (CTM2014-53902- C2-2-P). R.E. and B.F-M. received a ‘Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación" grant (IJCI-2014-21452 and IJCI-2014-22489, respectively)

A Parallel Implementation of the K Nearest Neighbours Classifier in Three Levels: Threads MPI Processes and the Grid

The work described in this paper tackles the problem of data mining and classification of large amounts of data using the K nearest neighbours classifier (KNN) [1]. The large computing demand of this process is solved with a parallel computing implementation specially designed to work in Grid environments of multiprocessor computer farms. The different parallel computing approaches (intra-node, inter-node and inter-organisations) are not sufficient by themselves to face the computing demand of such a big problem. Instead of using parallel techniques separately, we propose to combine the three of them considering the parallelism grain of the different parts of the problem. The main purpose is to complete a 1 month-CPU job in a few hours. The technologies that are being used are the EGEE Grid Computing Infrastructure running the Large Hadron Collider Computing Grid (LCG 2.6) middleware [3], MPI [4] [5] and POSIX [6] threads. Finally, we compare the results obtained with the most popular and used tools to understand the importance of this strategy.Aparicio Pla, G.; Blanquer Espert, I.; Hernández García, V. (2007). A Parallel Implementation of the K Nearest Neighbours Classifier in Three Levels: Threads MPI Processes and the Grid. En High Performance Computing for Computational Science - VECPAR 2006. Springer Verlag (Germany). 225-235. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-71351-7_18S225235Cover, T.M., Hart, P.E.: Nearest neighbour pattern recognition. IEEE Trans. on Information Theory 13(1), 2127 (1967)Foster, I., Kesselman, C., Tuecke, S.: The Anatomy of the Grid: Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations. International J. Supercomputer Applications 15(3) (2001), http://www.globus.org/research/papers/anatomy.pdfLCG: World Wide Web Computing Grid. Distributed Production Environment of Physics Data Processing. http://lcg.web.cern.ch/LCGMessage Passing Interface Forum: MPI: A message-passing interface standard (2003), http://www.mpi-forum.org/Gropp, W., et al.: MPI: The Complete Reference. MIT Press, Cambridge (1998)Drepper, U., Molnar, I.: The Native POSIX Thread Library for Linux (2003), http://people.redhat.com/drepper/nptl-design.pdfFrank, E., Hall, M., L.T.: Weka 3: Data Mining Software in Java (2005), http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/wek

An optofluidic planar microreactor with photoactive Cu2O/Mo2C/TiO2 heterostructures for enhanced visible light-driven CO2 conversion to methanol

Mixing TiO2 with Mo2C has recently been proposed to improve the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to methanol under visible light irradiation, although further efforts are still needed to enhance process performance. In this context, the use of p-type semiconductors (i.e., Cu2O) in co-doping strategies can enhance not only the redistribution of electric charges due to its narrowing bandgap, but also the selectivity of the reaction towards methanol. This work focuses on the development of a continuous visible light-driven CO2 photoconversion to methanol process in an optofluidic microreactor using Cu2O/Mo2C/TiO2 heterostructures. A significant improvement in process performance can be seen under visible light with the heterostructures containing 4 wt% of Cu2O. Superior methanol production rates (36.3 µmol∙g−1∙h−1) with an apparent quantum yield = 0.64% and a reaction selectivity = 0.93 are reached, in comparison with the results achieved at Cu2O-free Mo2C/TiO2 photocatalytic surfaces (11.8 µmol∙g−1∙h−1, 0.21% and 0.92, respectively). This can be adscribed to the role of Cu2O in the selectivity of the reaction towards methanol. The synergetic effect between Cu2O, Mo2C, and TiO2 in the heterostructures may also provoke a more efficient charge separation and transfer, while enhancing the visible light absorption properties of the material and its photocatalytic stability. The maximum methanol rate outperforms most of the values previously reported in slurry batch reactors and evidences the possibility of enhancing the continuous visible light-driven CO2-to-methanol photoconversion process with efficient metal co-doping approaches in optofluidic microreactors.The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) under the projects PID2019-104050RA-I00 and PID2020-117586RB-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. G.G. would also like to thank the Canarian Agency for Research, Innovation and Information Society (ACIISI, ProID2021010098), as well as NANOtec, INTech, Cabildo de Tenerife, SEGAI (ULL) for laboratory facilities, and the Laser Spectroscopy and High Pressure Group (ULL) for diffuse reflectance measurements. I.H. also acknowledges the funding by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Grant No. MAT2016-80438-P

La difusión tecnológica en Andalucía. Una explotación de las tablas input-output (1975-1990)

El objeto del presente trabajo consiste en reflejar el nivel que alcanza la difusión de la tecnología en la industria andaluza y dar respuesta al retraso que padece. Bajo la base de las tablas input-output señalamos el comportamiento que sigue la industria en el ámbito tecnológico, diferenciando su conducta del resto de la economía, dedicando especial atención a determinados sectores clave. Los datos indican que los sectores más activos tecnológicamente “a priori” también lo son en Andalucía. Sin embargo, los esfuerzos para incorporar o difundir tecnologías de baja, media o alta intensidad presentan unas diferencias que ayudan a comprender el retraso al que hemos hecho mención

An OGSA Middleware for Managing Medical Images Using Ontologies

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s10877-005-0675-0This article presents a Middleware based on Grid Technologies that addresses the problem of sharing, transferring and processing DICOM medical images in a distributed environment using an ontological schema to create virtual communities and to define common targets. It defines a distributed storage that builds-up virtual repositories integrating different individual image repositories providing global searching, progressive transmission, automatic encryption and pseudo-anonimisation and a link to remote processing services. Users from a Virtual Organisation can share the cases that are relevant for their communities or research areas, epidemiological studies or even deeper analysis of complex individual cases. Software architecture has been defined for solving the problems that has been exposed before. Briefly, the architecture comprises five layers (from the more physical layer to the more logical layer) based in Grid Thecnologies. The lowest level layers (Core Middleware Layer and Server Services layer) are composed of Grid Services that implement the global managing of resources. The Middleware Components Layer provides a transparent view of the Grid environment and it has been the main objective of this work. Finally, the upest layer (the Application Layer) comprises the applications, and a simple application has been implemented for testing the components developed in the Components Middleware Layer. Other side-results of this work are the services developed in the Middleware Components Layer for managing DICOM images, creating virtual DICOM storages, progressive transmission, automatic encryption and pseudo-anonimisation depending on the ontologies. Other results, such as the Grid Services developed in the lowest layers, are also described in this article. Finally a brief performance analysis and several snapshots from the applications developed are shown. The performance analysis proves that the components developed in this work provide image processing applications with new possibilities for large-scale sharing, management and processing of DICOM images. The results show that the components fulfil the objectives proposed. The extensibility of the system is achieved by the use of open methods and protocols, so new components can be easily added.Blanquer Espert, I.; Hernández García, V.; Segrelles Quilis, JD. (2005). An OGSA Middleware for Managing Medical Images Using Ontologies. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing. 19:295-305. doi:10.1007/s10877-005-0675-0S29530519“European DataGrid Project”. http://www.eu-datagrid.org.“Biomedical Informatics Research”. http://www.nbirn.net/.“ACI project MEDIGRID: medical data storage and processing on the GRID”.http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/MEDIGRID/.“Information eXtraction from Images (IXI) Grid Services for Medical Imaging”. Working Notes of the Workshop on Distributed Databases and processing in Medical Image Computing (DIDAMIC'04). Pag 65.“NeuroBase: Management of Distributed and Heterogeneous Information Sources in Neuroimaging”. Working Notes of the Workshop on Distributed Databases and processing in Medical Image Computing (DIDAMIC'04). Pag 85.Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) Part 10: Media Storage and File Format for Media Interchange. National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 N. 17th Street, Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 USA.“Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA)”, http://www.globus.org/ogsa.Globus alliance Home Page. “Relevant documents”, http://www.globus.orgAllen Wyke R, Watt A, “XML Schema Essentials”. Wiley Computer Pub. ISBN 0-471-412597Web security and commerce/Simson Garfinkel. - Cambridge: O'Reilly, 1997. - 483 p.; 23 cm. ISBN 1565922697“The GridFTP Protocol and Software”. http://www-fp.globus.org/datagrid/gridftp.html.JPEG2000: Image compression fundamentals, standards and practice/David S. Taubman, Michael W. Marcellin. – Boston [etc.] : Kluwer Academic, cop. 2002. - XIX, 773 p.; 24 cm. + 1 CD-Rom - (The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science) ISBN 079237519XBradley J, Erickson MD, “Irreversible Compression of Medical Images”, Dpt. Radiology, Mayo F., Rochester, MN, Jo. of D. Imaging, DOI: 10.1007/s10278-002-0001-z, 02.Monitoring & Discovery System (MDS)” http://www-unix.globus.org/toolkit/mds/“Key management for encrypted data storage in distributed systems”. Proceedings of HeathGrid 2004