Effect of In Situ short–term temperature increase on carbon metabolism and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes in a community dominated by the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa

Seagrasses form one of the most productive and threatened ecosystems worldwide because of global change and anthropogenic pressures. The frequency of extreme climatic events, such as heat waves, are expected to increase and may drive even more adverse effects than gradual warming. This study explores for the first time the effects of a sudden and temporary increase of temperature in situ on carbon metabolism and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes in a community dominated by a seagrass (Cymodocea nodosa) during two contrasting seasons (winter and summer). Results showed a positive correlation between temperature and seagrass production between seasons, while the experimental sudden and temporary increase in water temperature did not produce significant differences in carbon community metabolism and DOC fluxes in winter. In contrast, high temperature conditions in summer enhanced significantly the net community production and affected positively to DOC fluxes. Hence, this study indicates that a sudden and temporary increase in water temperature, which characterize marine heat waves, in temperate areas may enhance the autotrophic metabolism of seagrass communities and can yield an increase in the DOC released, in contrast to previous researches suggesting solely negative effects on seagrasses

Culture of Gracilaria gracilis and Chondracanthus teedei from Vegetative Fragments in the Field and Carpospores in Laboratory

Gracilarioids and Gigartinales are of great economic importance due to the phycocolloids they contain in their cell wall and are used in different industries worldwide. Field and laboratory cultures of two species of red seaweeds (Gracilaria gracilis and Chondracanthus teedei), confirmed after DNA analysis, were carried out to foster the increasing use of this species in Spain as a food source. Vegetative cultures carried out in an open-lock gate within a traditional salina in the ay of Cadiz (Southern Spain) rendered maximum growth rates in April (3.64% day(-1)) for G. gracilis and in November (4.68% day(-1)) for C. teedei, the latter showing significant differences between the months of the year. For laboratory cultures, samples of the two species used for sporulation were obtained from tidal creeks in several nearby locations of the Bay. In order to grow fertile carposporophytes from spores, Provasoli enriched seawater medium (ES medium), Miquel A + B and f/2 were used as culture medium at a temperature of 18 degrees C and irradiance of 30 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) in 12:12 h photoperiod. Both species developed a basal disc after 12-15 days in ES medium and Miquel A + B, and new microscopic seedlings were observed at 20-25 days in ES medium. With f/2 medium, no growth was observed after sporulation. The life cycle of G. gracilis was completed in ES medium over a period of 11 months with a mean growth rate of 3.28% day(-1). The present study is an important step towards the development of seaweed cultivation in the Bay of Cadiz, especially in integrated multi-trophic cultivation in salinas as part of the more sustainable use of the marine resources in coastal communities

The role of seagrass meadows in the coastal trapping of litter.

The accelerated discard and mismanagement of human-made products are resulting in the continued input of litter into the oceans. Models and field observations show how floating litter can accumulate in remote areas throughout the global ocean, but far less is known about the non-floating litter fraction. Seagrass meadows play an important role in the sediment and natural-debris dynamics, and likely also in the storage and processing of non-floating litter. In this work, non-floating litter was studied across six Posidonia oceanica meadows. Litter accumulated mainly around the landside edge of the meadow. The outer margin of the edge predominantly trapped macro-litter, whilst microplastics accumulated mainly along the inner margin. On average, macro-litter concentrations increased 3-fold after heavy rainfall. Retention of non-floating litter by coastal meadows facilitates the recurrent landward-seaward conveyance of the easily-transportable litter (mainly plastic items) and its fragmentation before it is buried or transferred to deeper areas.This work was supported by Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Government of Spain (‘MIDaS’ CTM2016-77106-R, 2016); University of Cadiz (FPUCA2018, Support for university professors training for doctoral students at the University of Cadiz); CEIMAR Foundation, C´adiz (Grant for international mobility of doctoral students for development of thesis in co-tutelage regime, 2019); ‘Diputaci´on de C´adiz’ and SEA-EU (Beca Talento, 2021)

Praderas de fanerógamas marinas en la bahía de Cádiz: conservación y gestión

Comunicación técnicaLa bahía de Cádiz es un humedal costero protegido por figuras de protección nacionales (Parque Natural) e internacionales (LIC, Convención Ramsar) dada su importancia ecológica. La biodiversidad biológica incluye numerosas especies de macroalgas, invertebrados, peces y aves. Un hecho de singular importancia, y poco conocido por las administraciones públicas, es que en este humedal conviven 3 de las 4 especies de fanerógamas marinas, o más estrictamente angiospermas marinas, de Europa. Las praderas de Cymodocea nodosa y Zostera noltii junto con escasos rodales de Zostera marina, proporcionan numerosos servicios ecológicos que están siendo estudiados por el grupo de Estructura y Dinámica de Ecosistemas Acuáticos de la Universidad de Cádiz. Desde hace 15 años hemos desarrollado proyectos tanto nacionales como internacionales en la bahía con el fin de poner en práctica bases ecológicas para la gestión de estas praderas como parte integrante del ecosistema. Estas herramientas abarcan desde un nivel ecofisiológico muy reduccionista (tasas fotosintéticas, incorporación de nutrientes), hasta un nivel más holista (mapas de cobertura, efecto a gran escala de variables ambientales, utilización de información para la estimación de la calidad ecológica de la masa de agua). Las actuaciones desarrolladas incluyen la consolidación de una red de voluntariado (FAMAR) para la recogida y análisis de la información. El trabajo que se presenta resume la información disponible, con series de datos recogidos y analizados durante la última década, para la gestión de las praderas y el estado de conservación de las mismas. Se incluyen además algunas perspectivas para la gestión.Proyecto ECOLAGUNES del programa europeo Interreg del espacio SUDOE (SOE1/P2/F153), proyecto IMACHYDRO, del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CTM2008-00012/MAR), proyectos de excelencia de la Junta de Andalucía FUNDIV (P07-RNM-02516), PAMBIO (P08-RNM-03783) y BAHÍA (P06-RNM0163713 página

Guía visual de la fauna y flora marina del intermareal de La Caleta y roquedos intermareales asociados

Primera guía visual de las especies de animales (25 especies) y macroalgas (25 especies) más habituales y/o curiosas de los roquedos del intermareal de La Caleta (Cádiz) y roquedos intermareales asociados .Fundación Biodiversidad del Ministerio para la Transición ecológica, CEIMA

Effects of HCV Eradication on Bone mineral density in HIV/HCV Coinfected Patients

Little is known about the effects of eradication of HCV on bone mineral density (BMD) and biomarkers of bone remodeling in HIV/HCV coinfected patients. We prospectively assessed standardized BMD (sBMD) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, World Health Organization (WHO) BMD categories at both sites, and plasma concentrations of soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaβ ligand (sRANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) at baseline (the date of initiation of anti-HCV therapy) and at 96 weeks. A total of 238 patients were included, median age 49.5 years, 76.5% males, 48.3% with cirrhosis, 98.3% on antiretroviral therapy, median CD4+ cell count 527 cells/mm 3, 86.6% with HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL. The prevalence of osteoporosis at baseline at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) was 17.6% and 7.2%, respectively. Anti-HCV therapy comprised pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PegIFN-RBV) plus one direct-acting antiviral in 53.4%, PegIFN-RBV in 34.5%, and sofosbuvir/RBV in 12.2%. A total of 145 (60.9%) patients achieved sustained viral response (SVR). No significant effect of SVR was observed on sBMD for the interaction between time and SVR either in the LS (P=0.801) or the FN (P=0.911). Likewise, no significant effect of SVR was observed in plasma levels of sRANKL (P=0.205), OPG (P=0.249), and sRANKL/OPG ratio (P=0.123) for the interaction between time and SVR. No significant correlation was found between fibrosis by transient elastography, and LS and FN sBMD, at baseline, and week 96. SVR was not associated with significant changes in BMD nor biomarkers of bone remodeling in HIV/HCV-coinfected persons.This study was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCII), grant numbers PI11/01556, PI14/01094, PI14/01581, and PI14CIII/00011, and by Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, grant number EC11-241. The study was also funded by the RD16/0025/0017, RD16/0025/0018 and RD16CIII/0002/0002 projects as part of the Plan Nacional R + D + I and cofunded by ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER).S

The morphometric acclimation to depth explains the long-term resilience of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa in a shallow tidal lagoon

Cadiz Bay is a shallow mesotidal lagoon with extensive populations of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa at intertidal and shallow subtidal elevations. This work aims to understand the mechanisms behind the resilience of this species to gradual sea level rise by studying its acclimation capacity to depth along the shallow littoral, and therefore, to gradual variations in the light environment. To address this objective, these populations have been monitored seasonally over a 10 year period, representing the longest seasonal database available in the literature for this species. The monitoring included populations at 0.4, -0.08 and -0.5 m LAT. The results show that C. nodosa has a strong seasonality for demographic and shoot dynamic properties - with longer shoots and larger growth in summer (high temperature) than in winter (low temperature), but also some losses. Moreover, shoots have different leaf morphometry depending on depth, with small and dense shoots in the intertidal areas (0.4 m) and sparse large shoots in the subtidal ones (-0.08 and 0.5 m). These differences in morphometry and shoot dynamic properties, combined with the differences in shoot density, explain the lack of differences in meadow production balance (i.e. meadow growth - meadow losses) between the intertidal (0.4 m) and the deepest population (-0.5 m), supporting the long term resilience of Cymodocea nodosa in Cadiz Bay. This study contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms behind seagrass stability and resilience, which is particularly important towards predicting the effects of climate change on these key coastal ecosystems, and also highlights the value of continuous long-term monitoring efforts to evaluate seagrass trajectories

Nueva guía visual de la fauna y flora marina del intermareal de La Caleta y roquedos intermareales asociados.

Nueva guía visual de las especies de animales (54 especies) y macroalgas (52 especies) más habituales y/o curiosas de los roquedos del intermareal de La Caleta (Cádiz) y roquedos intermareales asociados. Se incluyen mas del doble de las especies que aparecían en la guía publicada en 2019. Dos de las especies de animales añadidas fueron recientemente descritas como nuevas para la Ciencia a partir de material encontrado en La Caleta (en parte).Universidad de Cádiz Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Fundación Española de Ciencia y Tecnología (FECYT) Campus de Excelencia Internacional del MAR (CEIMAR)108 pagina

Factors associated with mortality in patients with decompensated heart failure

Introducción: la falla cardiaca (FC) es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial, la cual ha experimentado aumento gradual de su incidencia sin variación importante en su desenlace en las dos últimas décadas. En Colombia muy pocos estudios evalúan factores asociados a mortalidad por falla cardiaca.Métodos: estudio de cohorte prospectivo en el que se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de falla cardiaca descompensada al momento del ingreso a urgencias, entre febrero de 2010 y marzo de 2013. Se calculó el tamaño de muestra y se realizó un análisis multivariado para la evaluación de los factores de riesgo asociados a mortalidad intrahospitalaria y a 30 días.Resultados: se incluyeron 462 pacientes. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue de 8.9% y a 30 días de 13.8%, en el modelo multivariado para el desenlace mortalidad intrahospitalaria se observó que la única variable con significancia estadística fue el BUN ≥43 mg/dL (OR, 3.45 [IC 95% 1.54-7.74], p= 0.003). Para la mortalidad a 30 días, la estancia hospitalaria >5 días (OR, 2.23 [IC 95% 1.20-4.12], p= 0.011), el BUN ≥43 mg/dL (OR, 2.55 [IC 95% 1.31-4.94], p= 0.005) y el NT-proBNP ≥ 4630 pg/dL (OR, 2.47 [IC 95% 1.30-4.70], p= 0.006).Conclusiones: la mortalidad intrahospitalaria de los pacientes con falla cardiaca descompensada en la población evaluada fue alta. En los análisis multivariados, se encontró que el BUN ≥ 43 mg/dL fue el único factor de riesgo independiente asociado a mortalidad intrahospitalaria; mientras que la mortalidad a 30 días se relacionó además con el NT-proBNP y la estancia hospitalaria superior a cinco días.Introduction: heart failure is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide; it has experienced a gradual increase in incidence with no significant variation in outcome in the last two decades. In Colombia there are no studies to evaluate risk factors for mortality, which is the subject of this study.Methods: prospective cohort study in which patients with diagnosis of decompensated heart failure on admission to the emergency department between February 2010 and March 2013 were included. The sample size was calculated and a multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors associated with in-hospital and 30-day mortality.Results: 462 patients were included. Hospital mortality was 8.9% and 30-day mortality 13.8%; in the multivariate model for hospital mortality outcome was observed that the only variable with statistic significance was BUN ≥ 43 mg/dL (OR, 3.45 [95% CI 1.54- 7.74], p = 0.003). For 30-day mortality, hospital stay > 5 days (OR, 2.23 [95% CI 1.20-4.12], p = 0.011), BUN ≥43 mg/dL (OR, 2.55 [95% CI 1.31-4.94] , p = 0.005) and NT-proBNP ≥ 4630 pg/dL (OR, 2.47 [95% CI 1.30-4.70], p = 0.006)Conclusions: in-hospital mortality in patients with decompensated heart failure in the study population was high. In multivariate analysis, it was found that BUN ≥ 43 mg/dL was the only inde-pendent risk factor associated with hospital mortality, while the 30-day mortality was also associated with NT-proBNP and hospital stay greater than five days

Factors associated with mortality in patients with decompensated heart failure

Introducción: la falla cardiaca (FC) es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial, la cual ha experimentado aumento gradual de su incidencia sin variación importante en su desenlace en las dos últimas décadas. En Colombia muy pocos estudios evalúan factores asociados a mortalidad por falla cardiaca. Métodos: estudio de cohorte prospectivo en el que se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de falla cardiaca descompensada al momento del ingreso a urgencias, entre febrero de 2010 y marzo de 2013. Se calculó el tamaño de muestra y se realizó un análisis multivariado para la evaluación de los factores de riesgo asociados a mortalidad intrahospitalaria y a 30 días. Resultados: se incluyeron 462 pacientes. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue de 8.9% y a 30 días de 13.8%, en el modelo multivariado para el desenlace mortalidad intrahospitalaria se observó que la única variable con significancia estadística fue el BUN ≥43 mg/dL (OR, 3.45 [IC 95% 1.54-7.74], p= 0.003). Para la mortalidad a 30 días, la estancia hospitalaria >5 días (OR, 2.23 [IC 95% 1.20-4.12], p= 0.011), el BUN ≥43 mg/dL (OR, 2.55 [IC 95% 1.31-4.94], p= 0.005) y el NT-proBNP ≥ 4630 pg/dL (OR, 2.47 [IC 95% 1.30-4.70], p= 0.006). Conclusiones: la mortalidad intrahospitalaria de los pacientes con falla cardiaca descompensada en la población evaluada fue alta. En los análisis multivariados, se encontró que el BUN ≥ 43 mg/dL fue el único factor de riesgo independiente asociado a mortalidad intrahospitalaria; mientras que la mortalidad a 30 días se relacionó además con el NT-proBNP y la estancia hospitalaria superior a cinco días.Introduction: heart failure is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide; it has experienced a gradual increase in incidence with no significant variation in outcome in the last two decades. In Colombia there are no studies to evaluate risk factors for mortality, which is the subject of this study. Methods: prospective cohort study in which patients with diagnosis of decompensated heart failure on admission to the emergency department between February 2010 and March 2013 were included. The sample size was calculated and a multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors associated with in-hospital and 30-day mortality. Results: 462 patients were included. Hospital mortality was 8.9% and 30-day mortality 13.8%; in the multivariate model for hospital mortality outcome was observed that the only variable with statistic significance was BUN ≥ 43 mg/dL (OR, 3.45 [95% CI 1.54- 7.74], p = 0.003). For 30 day mortality, hospital stay > 5 days (OR, 2.23 [95% CI 1.20-4.12], p = 0.011), BUN ≥43 mg/dL (OR, 2.55 [95% CI 1.31-4.94] , p = 0.005) and NT-proBNP ≥ 4630 pg/dL (OR, 2.47 [95% CI 1.30-4.70], p = 0.006). Conclusions: in-hospital mortality in patients with decompensated heart failure in the study population was high. In multivariate analysis, it was found that BUN ≥ 43 mg/dL was the only independent risk factor associated with hospital mortality, while the 30-day mortality was also associated with NT-proBNP and hospital stay greater than five days.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-6769N/