Non-Unitary Neutrino Propagation From Neutrino Decay

Neutrino propagation in space-time is not constrained to be unitary if very light states - lighter than the active neutrinos - exist into which neutrinos may decay. If this is the case, neutrino flavor-change is governed by a handful of extra mixing and "oscillation" parameters, including new sources of CP-invariance violation. We compute the transition probabilities in the two- and three-flavor scenarios and discuss the different phenomenological consequences of the new physics. These are qualitatively different from other sources of unitarity violation discussed in the literature.Comment: 8 pages, no figure

Late-onset thymidine kinase 2 deficiency: a review of 18 cases

BACKGROUND: TK2 gene encodes for mitochondrial thymidine kinase, which phosphorylates the pyrimidine nucleosides thymidine and deoxycytidine. Recessive mutations in the TK2 gene are responsible for the 'myopathic form' of the mitochondrial depletion/multiple deletions syndrome, with a wide spectrum of severity. METHODS: We describe 18 patients with mitochondrial myopathy due to mutations in the TK2 gene with absence of clinical symptoms until the age of 12. RESULTS: The mean age of onset was 31 years. The first symptom was muscle limb weakness in 10/18, eyelid ptosis in 6/18, and respiratory insufficiency in 2/18. All patients developed variable muscle weakness during the evolution of the disease. Half of patients presented difficulty in swallowing. All patients showed evidence of respiratory muscle weakness, with need for non-invasive Mechanical Ventilation in 12/18. Four patients had deceased, all of them due to respiratory insufficiency. We identified common radiological features in muscle magnetic resonance, where the most severely affected muscles were the gluteus maximus, semitendinosus and sartorius. On muscle biopsies typical signs of mitochondrial dysfunction were associated with dystrophic changes. All mutations identified were previously reported, being the most frequent the in-frame deletion p.Lys202del. All cases showed multiple mtDNA deletions but mtDNA depletion was present only in two patients. CONCLUSIONS: The late-onset is the less frequent form of presentation of the TK2 deficiency and its natural history is not well known. Patients with late onset TK2 deficiency have a consistent and recognizable clinical phenotype and a poor prognosis, due to the high risk of early and progressive respiratory insufficiency.Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI16-01843 PI16/00579 CP09/00011Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria PI16-01843 PI16/00579 CP09/00011 PI 15/00431 PMP15/0002

Phosphomannosylation and the functional analysis of the extended Candida albicans MNN4-like gene family

We thank Luz A. López-Ramírez (Universidad de Guanajuato) for technical assistance. This work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (ref. CB2011/166860; PDCPN2014-247109, and FC 2015-02-834), Universidad de Guanajuato (ref. 000025/11; 0087/13; ref. 1025/2016; Convocatoria Institucional para Fortalecer la Excelencia Académica 2015; CIFOREA 89/2016), Programa de Mejoramiento de Profesorado (ref. UGTO-PTC-261), and Red Temática Glicociencia en Salud (CONACYT-México). NG acknowledges the Wellcome Trust (086827, 075470, 101873, and 200208) and MRC Centre for Medical Mycology for funding (N006364/1). KJ was supported by a research visitor grant to Aberdeen from China Scholarship Council (CSC No. 201406055024). The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02156/full#supplementary-materialPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Quality control procedures at Euskalmet data center

The Basque Country Mesonet measures more than 130 000 observations daily from its 85 Automatic Weather Stations (AWS). It becomes clear that automated software is an indispensable tool for quality assurance (QA) of this mesoscale surface observing network. This work describes a set of experimental semi-automatic quality control (QC) routines that is applied at Euskalmet data center. It has paid special attention to level validation design and associated flags, as well as to the system outputs, which are used by meteorologist and maintenance staff.The authors would like to thank the Emergencies and Meteorology Directorate-Interior Department-Basque Government for public provision of data and operational service financial support

Uso de un compuesto de fórmula (I) como bactericida frente a Streptococcus

Uso de al menos un compuesto de fórmula (I) donde R1 es alquilo C1-C6 o forma Ncicloalquilo C5-C8 junto con R2 ; R 2 es alquilo C1-C6, forma Ncicloalquilo C5-C8 junto con R1 , o es una cadena alquílica que se une a (CH2)n formando una amina bicíclica; R3 es alquilo C1-C2 o ausente; R4 es un sustituyente aromático que comprende al menos dos anillos aromáticos; n es un valor entre 1 y 2; y m es un valor entre 0 y 1; como bactericida frente a Streptococcus, preferiblemente frente a Streptococcus pneumoniae. Adicionalmente, compuesto de fórmula (Ia) y una composición bactericida que lo comprenda.Peer reviewedConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel HernándezB1 Patente sin examen previ

Fasciola hepatica and Rumen Flukes - In Vitro Evaluation of Main Commercial Anthelmintics

Background: Trematode infections are of great importance as they affect the health of many species of mammals as cattle, sheep and goat. Fasciola hepatica represents the main trematode zoonosis and risks to human and cattle and paramphistomosis is one emerging parasitic diseases of ruminants widely distributed in the world. The economic expenses are incurred by the use of ineffective anthelmintics for trematode control. Besides to faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) to determine the anthelmintic efficacy, can be used in vitro assays, by this the aim of the study was to determine the lethal doses with hatching egg test of the main commercial anthelmintics used for the control of trematodes in cattle. Materials, Methods & Results: Liver and rumen were examined from cattle slaughtered in Tabasco, Chiapas and Campeche states from Mexico. F. hepatica eggs were recovered from gallbladder and rumen fluke eggs collected from adult parasites in saline solution. Subsequently, the hatching egg assays were performed placing 100 trematode eggs in distilled water in each one of 96 wells of polystyrene plates. After making the appropriate dilutions, several concentrations of commercial anthelmintics were evaluated, ranging from 0.04 to 80.63 mM for triclabendazole + 0.046 to 96.87 mM febendazole (TC+FBZ), from 0.04 to 91 mM for rafoxanide (RAFOX), from 0.02 to 43.74 mM for closantel (CLOS), from 0.036 to 76.18 mM for clorsulon + 0.002 to 3.31 mM ivermectin (CLORS+ IVM) and from 0.163 to 334.47 mM for nitroxynil (NITROX). A control group (water) was included in each plate. Lethal doses were obtained using the Probit procedure and analysis of the means with a one-way statistical design. Most drugs used against rumen fluke eggs presented a high LD50 and therefore were ineffective to cause egg mortality, such was the case of RAFOX that presented LD50 from 4,580 to 10,790 µg/mL (7 to 17 mM). CLOS presented the lowest LD50 (80 µg/mL or 0.12 mM) on rumen fluke eggs. TC+FBZ was found to be effective drug against the development of F. hepatica eggs in many samples. In the same way NITROX showed a low LD50 (37 to 63 µg/mL or 0.13 to 0.22 mM), but RAFOX presented a highest LD50 (1,450 µg/mL or 2.32 mM). Discussion: The present study focused on screen the ovicidal activity and determining in vitro lethal doses 50 of main commercial anthelmintics used to control F. hepatica and rumen fluke as rapid tests in a tropical region from Mexico. The FECRT is the main method to detect effectiveness of anthelmintic and other method is the coproantigen reduction test (CRT) by ELISA. Both tests require many infected animals depending the number of treatments and by this the egg hatch assay (EHA) represent a complementary diagnosis of effectiveness of anthelmintic products to compare between regions and even between farms, because few animals are required from the farm to collect trematode eggs, and it is possible to know the effectiveness against various anthelmintics at the same time. Efficacy studies on trematodes using egg hatching tests are scarce, although they have the advantage that they can be applied to both F. hepatica and rumen fluke. TC+FBZ was one of the most effective products in inhibiting the development of F. hepatica eggs. However, RAFOX showed low effectiveness against trematode eggs, with very high lethal doses. These results agree with a study that show low efficacy against the development of Paramphistomum cervi eggs and with the FECRT test reductions of 75% and 80.58% were obtained, in times from 7 to 84 days after treatment with RAFOX. NITROX and CLORS were drugs that had good efficacy on the development of F. hepatica eggs. A differential response between liver and rumen fluke was observed. The anthelmintics used against rumen fluke eggs show low ovicidal activity and in Fasciola hepatica TC+FBZ show the best activity. Keywords: trematodes, cattle, effectiveness, anthelmintics, ovicidal activity, egg hatching

How perceived the soccer coaches the role of sport psychologist: a comparative study

Pese al reconocimiento público y científico del papel que desempeñan las diferentes variables psicológicas en el rendimiento deportivo, existen pocos datos que permitan evidenciar cuál es la percepción que tienen los máximos responsables de la coordinación del trabajo y del entrenamiento deportivo, es decir, los entrenadores, sobre el rol que desempeña el psicólogo del deporte en un deporte tan extendido como es el fútbol. En el presente trabajo, se ha diseñado el Cuestionario de Evaluación de las Ideas Previas de los Entrenadores de Fútbol, aplicándolo a dos muestras de un total de 198 entrenadores de fútbol, durante las temporadas 2003 y 2011. La comparación de los resultados, permite evidenciar cierto patrón de estabilidad en los resultados, si bien se profundiza en las diferencias encontradas, así como en la importancia de superar las barreras manifestadas por los técnicosDespite the scientific and public recognition of the role of psychological variables in athletic performance, there is little evidence to show what is the coaches’ perception on the role played by sport psychologist in a widespread sport like football. In this paper, we have designed the Cuestionario de Evaluación de las Ideas Previas de los Entrenadores de Fútbol, applying it to two samples of 198 football coaches during the 2003 and 2011 seasons. The comparison of results makes evident certain pattern of stability in the results, although the differences in depth, as well as the importance of overcoming the barriers raised by the coachesPese o reconhecimento público e científico do papel que desempenham as diferentes variáveis psicológicas no rendimento desportivo, existem pouco dados que permitam evidenciar qual é a percepção que têm os responsáveis máximos da coordenação do trabalho e do treino desportivo, isto é, os treinadores, sobre o papel que desempenha o psicólogo do desporto num desporto tão divulgado com é o futebol. No presente trabalho, foi criado o Cuestionario de Evaluación de las Ideas Previas de los Entrenadores de Fútbol, sendo este aplicado a duas amostras de um total de 198 treinadores de futebol, durante as temporadas 2003 e 2011. A comparação dos resultados permite evidenciar um certo padrão de estabilidade nos resultados, sendo aprofundadas as diferenças encontradas, assim como a importância de superar as barreiras manifestadas pelos técnicosEl presente estudio se ha desarrollado dentro del marco de dos proyectos de investigación del Plan Nacional I+D+I, del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación: Ref. DEP2011-27282; y Ref. PSI2011-2700

Characterization of a biomethane-like synthetic gas mixture through accurate density measurements from (240 to 350) K and pressures up to 14 MPa

Producción CientíficaIn this work the thermodynamic behavior of a synthetic four-component biomethane-like mixture, composed mainly of methane (96.48%), with small amounts of carbon dioxide (2.00%), nitrogen (1.50%), and traces of oxygen (0.02%), is studied using accurate (p,ρ,T) experimental data. Two mixtures of identical nominal compositions were prepared by the gravimetric method at the Spanish National Metrology Institute (Centro Español de Metrología, CEM) and at the Slovak National Metrology Institute (Slovenský Metrologický Ústav, SMÚ). The composition was double checked by Gas Chromatography, at both NMI and at the beginning and end of the measurements. An additional test of the consistency of the given compositions was performed by measuring the density of both mixtures at selected points, with two different techniques, in two different laboratories. Accurate density measurements have been taken over a wide temperature range, from (240 to 350) K, and pressures up to 14 MPa, using a single-sinker densimeter with magnetic suspension coupling. Experimental data are compared with the densities calculated with the GERG-2008 and AGA8-DC92 equations of state. Deviations between experimental and GERG-2008-estimated densities are within a ±0.03% band at all temperatures, which shows the outstanding performance of the current reference equation for natural gases when describing a biomethane-like mixture. Deviations between experimental and AGA-8-estimated densities are higher than 0.04% at 250 K for pressures greater than 10 MPa and also at 240 K for pressures higher than 9 MPa. This work is part of the research project ‘Metrology for Biogas’ supported by the European Metrology Research Program.2019-06-152019-06-15ENE2013-47812-RJunta de Castilla y León VA035U16European Metrology Research Program ENG5