Aconsegueixen desplaçar objectes nanomètrics mitjançant canvis de temperatura

A través d'un nanotub multicapa de carboni s'ha demostrat que l'origen directe del moviment d'un objecte mòbil es troba en l'heterogeneïtat tèrmica d'aquest tub. Apareix quan flueix un corrent elèctric per l'interior del tub conductor -amb el seu corresponent escalfament- i els dos electrodes dels seus extrems estan a temperatura ambient

Comparación de dos métodos para la estimación de los daños por sequía en pastos de dehesa / Comparative methods for assessment of dehesa pasture drought insurance in Spain

El Sistema de Seguros Agrarios con el Seguro de cobertura de los daños por sequía en los pastos aprovechados por el ganado en régimen extensivo (línea de seguro 133) aplica la teledetección mediante un índice de vegetación (NDVI), con el fin de solucionar los problemas de peritación que surgen cuando se tiene que determinar la cantidad y calidad del pasto afectado por la sequía. Por ello el seguro de cobertura de los daños por sequía en pastos es el principal instrumento para hacer frente al gasto que supone la necesidad de suplemento de alimentación del ganado reproductor debido a la sequía. En las comarcas de Vitigudino, Trujillo y Valle de los Pedroches (España) se comparó la evolución del seguro de sequía en pastos desde 2006 a 2010 con un modelo matemático de crecimiento del pasto en función de las variables ecofisiológicas y ambientales. Sumadas las decenas de sequía extrema y sequía leve, el modelo matemático contabilizó un número mayor de decenas que las proporcionadas por Agroseguro. La recomendación es comparar las curvas de crecimiento del pasto con las curvas de evolución del NDVI, para ajustar ambos modelo

Predicting growing stock volume of Eucalyptus plantations using 3-D point clouds derived from UAV imagery and ALS data

Estimating forest inventory variables is important in monitoring forest resources and mitigating climate change. In this respect, forest managers require flexible, non-destructive methods for estimating volume and biomass. High-resolution and low-cost remote sensing data are increasingly available to measure three-dimensional (3D) canopy structure and to model forest structural attributes. The main objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the individual tree volume estimates derived from high-density point clouds obtained from airborne laser scanning (ALS) and digital aerial photogrammetry (DAP) in Eucalyptus spp. plantations. Object-based image analysis (OBIA) techniques were applied for individual tree crown (ITC) delineation. The ITC algorithm applied correctly detected and delineated 199 trees from ALS-derived data, while 192 trees were correctly identified using DAP-based point clouds acquired fromUnmannedAerialVehicles(UAV), representing accuracy levels of respectively 62% and 60%. Addressing volume modelling, non-linear regression fit based on individual tree height and individual crown area derived from the ITC provided the following results: Model E ciency (Mef) = 0.43 and 0.46, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 0.030 m3 and 0.026 m3, rRMSE = 20.31% and 19.97%, and an approximately unbiased results (0.025 m3 and 0.0004 m3) using DAP and ALS-based estimations, respectively. No significant di erence was found between the observed value (field data) and volume estimation from ALS and DAP (p-value from t-test statistic = 0.99 and 0.98, respectively). The proposed approaches could also be used to estimate basal area or biomass stocks in Eucalyptus spp. plantationsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Good Protection but Excessive Pulmonary Inflammation in Balb/C Mice Vaccinated with Mycobacterium Bovis Mce-2A Mutant after Challenge with Homologous Strains

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major threat to public and veterinary health. Zoonotic TB (caused by Mycobacterium bovis) is present in wild animals and cattle in most developing countries, and M. bovis is also able to infect humans on a worldwide basis. Thus, the high incidence of bovine TB is a major economic problem and an additional risk to human health, being the development of new vaccines to prevent both human and bovine TB urgent and a major challenge. The aims of the present study were to characterize the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of M. bovis mce2A mutant in BALB/c mice, and then evaluate its potential as vaccine. Mutant M. bovis mce2A produced limited tissue damage (pneumonia) and lower bacilli burdens than its parental strain when administered in high dose by intratracheal inoculation, and showed limited dissemination when used as subcutaneous vaccine. Challenge experiments using low, middle and highly virulent M. tuberculosis or M. bovis strains showed similar protection conferred by mce-2 mutant than BCG. Interestingly, vaccinated animals showed low bacilli loads but high inflammatory response when were challenged with M. bovis strains, while vaccinated mice challenged with M. tuberculosis exhibited low bacilli burdens and scarce inflammation. Thus, in spite of the high genome homology between M. tuberculosis and M. bovis, it seems that there is higher antigenic recognition and in consequence extensive inflammatory response when the strain used as vaccine is homologous to the challenge strain, in this case M. bovis.Fil: Alfonseca Silva, Edgar. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Cataldi, Angel Adrian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Bigi, Fabiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Hernández Pando, Rogelio. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”; Méxic

Aportes desde el magisterio latinoamericano para una comprensión de la iglesia-comunidad- ministerial en San Miguel Sucumbíos

Licenciado (a) en TeologíaPregrad

Perception of physicians about medical education received during their Nephrology residency

Introduction: In Peru there are different hospitals and university programs for training of specialists in nephrology. Objective: To assess the perception of physicians who attend such programs. Methods: We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional national-level study in physicians who were in the last two years of nephrology training during February 2012 and who had graduated from it in 2010 and 2011. A self-applied questionnaire was developed along with the Peruvian Society of Nephrology based on international standards. The questionnaire evaluated: mentoring, clinical training, procedures, external rotations, research and global perception. Results: Forty doctors were surveyed nationwide. 82.5% had tutors, 22.5% of them said their support was poor. A 27.5% described their theoretical formation as deficient. The practical training was perceived as acceptable globally; however, improvements in training on peritoneal dialysis and reading kidney transplant biopsies are necessary. A 90% have national external rotations and 65% reported to have an international rotation. In the assessment of research, 77.5% thought this is deficient. In addition, 82.5% believed that residency should last four years. However, 60% reported that their residency training was good. There is a decrease in the positive perception of the aspects studied among residents regarding graduates. Conclusion: The overall perception of nephrology residency training was considered good; however, areas of tutoring, and academic and research activities on average were deficient.Revisión por pare

Genetska raznolikost kolumbijskog kreolskog magaraca u odjelu Sucre

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of the Colombian Creole donkey in the Department of Sucre using Random Amplified Microsatellites (RAM) molecular markers. In 100 individuals from the five subregions of the department, DNA was extracted and five RAM primers were amplified by PCR. In all, 291 bands were found, on average 11.96±1.45 per primer, the highest value in CCA (18±2.23) and the lowest in TG and GT (8.8±0.44). CA was the most polymorphic primer (88.09±10.91%) with the highest heterozygosity value (He) (0.376±0.021), while the lowest was GT (0.341±0.076 and 0.101±0.040, respectively). Intrapopulation analysis showed an average of 66.50±1.72 bands, of which 89.86±24.04% were polymorphic. The highest number of bands (63±3.84) was found in the Gulf of Morrosquillo (GO) subpopulation, and the lowest in Mojana (MO) (48±2.88); however, the highest value of polymorphic loci (81.16%) and He (0.335±0.022) were found in the Montes de María (MM) subpopulation, making it the most diverse. The average genetic diversity for the entire population was 0.351±0.021 bands. The population structure analysis showed a 10% variation between subpopulations, with an FST value of 0.17±0.01 (P<0.05). Genetic distances between subpopulations showed that MO and GO were the most distant. The RAM markers are effective in assessing the genetic diversity of the Creole donkey, which has high values of genetic diversity, particularly the MM subpopulation. The genetic revealed structure could be the result of natural geographical barriers between the subregions.Cilj ove studije bio je procijeniti genetsku raznolikost kolumbijskog kreolskog magaraca iz odjela Sucre koristeći molekularne markere tipa RAM-a (engl. Random Amplified Microsatellites). U 100 jedinki iz pet podregija odjela izlučeno je DNK, a pomoću PCR-a amplificirano je pet primera RAM-a. Pronađene su 291 trake, prosječno 11,96±1,45 po primeru, najveća vrijednost u CCA (18±2,23), a najniža u TG i GT (8,8±0,44). Najviši polimorfni primer (88,09±10,91 %) i s najvišim He (engl. heterozygosity value (0,376±0,021) bio je CA, dok je najniži bio GT (0,341±0,076 i 0,101±0,040). Intrapopulacijska analiza pokazala je prosječno 66,50±1,72 pojasa, od kojih je 89,86±24,04 % bilo polimorfno. Subpopulacija Gulf of Morrosquillo (GO) imala je najveći broj opsega (63±3,84), a najmanju je pronašla u Mojana (MO) (48±2,88), međutim, najveću vrijednost polimorfnih lokusa (81,16 %) i He (0,335±0,022) pronašli su u subpopulaciji Montes de María (MM), koja je najraznolikija. Ustvrđena prosječna genetska raznolikost iznosila je 0,351±0,021 za cijelu populaciju. Analiza populacijske strukture pokazala je 10 % odstupanja između subpopulacija, s vrijednosti FST-a od 0,17±0,01 (P<0,05). Genetske udaljenosti između subpopulacija pokazale su da su MO i GO najdalje. RAM markeri učinkoviti su za procjenu genetske raznolikosti kreolskog magaraca, ova kreolska pasmina ima visoke vrijednosti genetske raznolikosti, MM subpopulacija je najraznolikija, pronađena genetska struktura može biti rezultat prirodnih geografskih barijera između podregija

Population genetics of self-incompatibility in a clade of relict cliff-dwelling plant species

The mating systems of species in small or fragmented populations impact upon their persistence. Small self-incompatible (SI) populations risk losing S allele diversity, responsible for the SI response, by drift thereby limiting mate availability and leading to population decline or SI system breakdown. But populations of relict and/or endemic species have resisted these demographic conditions over long periods suggesting their mating systems have adapted. To address a lack of empirical data on this topic, we studied the SI systems of three relict cliff-dwelling species of Sonchus section Pustulati (Asteraceae): S. masguindalii, S. fragilis and S. pustulatus in the western Mediterranean region. We performed controlled pollinations within and between individuals to measure index of SI (ISI) expression and identify S alleles in multiple population samples. Sonchus masguindalii and S. pustulatus showed strong SI (ISI = 0.6–1.0) compared to S. fragilis (ISI = 0.1–0.7). Just five S alleles were estimated for Spanish S. pustulatus and a moderate 11-15 S alleles for Moroccan S. pustulatus and S. fragilis, respectively. The fact that autonomous fruit set was generally improved by active self-pollination in self-compatible S. fragilis suggests that individuals with weak SI can show a wide range of outcrossing levels dependent on the degree of self or outcross pollen that pollinators bear. We conclude that frequent S allele dominance interactions that mask the incompatibility interactions of recessive S alleles leading to higher mate availability and partial breakdown of SI leading to mixed mating, both contribute to reproductive resilience in this group.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) BES–2007–17066 CGL2010–16512 CGL2006–0081

Using Modelling Techniques to Analyze Urban Freight Distribution. A Case Study in Pamplona (Spain)

The city of Pamplona, in Spain, is currently experiencing several changes regarding sustainable mobility such as pedestrianization of some streets in the city center, and access control to the Old Town for motor vehicles through the use of automatic number-plate recognition. However, some groups including local neighbors and businesses are raising complaints as they are being affected by these measures. This is also the case for couriers and logistics companies which have now to comply with new regulations regarding delivery routes throughout the Old Town. This paper will present a comprehensive study of the situation that is being carried out, and in which social perceptions and freight traffic patterns in the Old Town of Pamplona are analyzed to understand how urban freight distribution could be improved in the area. For this purpose, we make use of a survey-based research to the stakeholders, i.e. pedestrians, logistics companies, retailers, and authorities of Pamplona. Results highlight pollution derived from transportation, lack of parking spaces as well as invasion of public spaces in the city center as the key issues for improving freight transportation in the Old Town. Finally, placing a distribution center in the Old Town and the promotion of the cycle-logistics are considered as the future of the urban distribution in Pamplona