Indexed induction and coinduction, fibrationally.

This paper extends the fibrational approach to induction and coinduction pioneered by Hermida and Jacobs, and developed by the current authors, in two key directions. First, we present a sound coinduction rule for any data type arising as the final coalgebra of a functor, thus relaxing Hermida and Jacobs’ restriction to polynomial data types. For this we introduce the notion of a quotient category with equality (QCE), which both abstracts the standard notion of a fibration of relations constructed from a given fibration, and plays a role in the theory of coinduction dual to that of a comprehension category with unit (CCU) in the theory of induction. Second, we show that indexed inductive and coinductive types also admit sound induction and coinduction rules. Indexed data types often arise as initial algebras and final coalgebras of functors on slice categories, so our key technical results give sufficent conditions under which we can construct, from a CCU (QCE) U : E -> B, a fibration with base B/I that models indexing by I and is also a CCU (QCE)

Los seguros de personas en el anteproyecto de ley de código mercantil de 2014

En este Estudio se examinan los aspectos básicos del régimen de los seguros de personas contenido en el Capítulo III del Título VIII del Libro Quinto del Anteproyecto de Ley de Código Mercantil de 2014, que coincide sustancialmente con la contenida en el Capítulo III del Título IX del Libro Quinto de la Propuesta de Código Mercantil de 2013 y que mantiene una continuidad sustancial con el régimen de la Ley de Contrato de Seguro de 1980 vigente, sin perjuicio de las modificaciones relevantes que se introducen en el régimen proyectado. En particular, este Estudio expone las principales modificaciones que afectan al régimen legal de los seguros de vida (con particular atención al seguro de supervivencia), de accidentes y de enfermedad y las líneas esenciales de la nueva regulación de los seguros de decesos y de dependencia

Pseudosubluxación C2-C3: un hallazgo radiológico frecuente en la infancia

Objetivo: Mostrar un hallazgo radiológico fisiológico de la columna cervical infantil que tiende a ser malinterpretado como patológico: la pseudosubluxación C2-C3. Se presenta un caso de una niña de 14 meses de edad remitida a nuestro centro bajo sospecha de subluxación C2-C3. Se aporta una metodología para el diagnóstico diferencial entre pseudosubluxación C2-C3 y subluxación C2-C3 verdadera. Una anamnesis detallada así como una exploración clínica y radiográfica minuciosas, permiten establecer el diagnóstico en la mayoría de los casos. La normal movilidad en flexión de C2 sobre C3 en la columna cervical infantil puede ser tan pronunciada que llegue a confundirse con una lesión. La interpretación adecuada de las radiografías simples de la columna cervical en los niños requiere el conocimiento de las peculiaridades de este segmento en la edad pediátrica.Objective: To report on a physiological radiographic finding of the cervical spine in childhood that trends to be misjudged as pathologic: C2-C3 pseudosubluxation. We presented a girl, aged 14 months, who was remitted to our Center for clinical suspect of C2-C3 subluxation. A diagnostic methodology is offered to distinguish between C2-C3 pseudosubluxation and a true C2-C3 subluxation. A detailed anamnesis as well as a meticulous radiological and clinical exploration, allow to establish the right diagnosis in most cases, without any other complementary probe. The normal mobility of C2 on C3 in flexion could be so pronounced as to be mistaken for a pathological finding. The suitable radiographic interpretation of the cervical spine in children requires the knowledge of the peculiarities of this segment in the pediatric age

Selective and highly efficient dye scavenging by a pH-responsive molecular hydrogelator

A structurally simple low molecular weight hydrogelator derived from isophthalic acid forms robust pH-responsive hydrogels capable of highly efficient and selective dye adsorption

Rubisco catalytic properties and temperature response in crops.

Rubisco catalytic traits and their thermal dependence are two major factors limiting the CO2 assimilation potential of plants. In this study, we present the profile of Rubisco kinetics for twenty crop species at three different temperatures. The results largely confirmed the existence of significant variation in the Rubisco kinetics among species. Although some of the species tended to present Rubisco with higher thermal sensitivity (e.g., Oryza sativa) than others (e.g., Lactuca sativa), interspecific differences depended on the kinetic parameter. Comparing the temperature response of the different kinetic parameters, the Rubisco Michaelis-Menten constants for CO2 (Kc and Kcair) presented higher energy of activation (ΔHa) than the maximum carboxylation rate (kcatc) and the CO2 compensation point in the absence of mitochondrial respiration (Γ*). The analysis of the Rubisco large subunit sequence revealed the existence of some sites under adaptive evolution in branches with specific kinetic traits. Because Rubisco kinetics and their temperature dependency were species-specific, they largely affected the assimilation potential of Rubisco from the different crops, especially under those conditions (i.e., low CO2 availability at the site of carboxylation and high temperature) inducing Rubisco-limited photosynthesis. As an example, at 25 ºC, Rubisco from Hordeum vulgare and Glycine max presented, respectively, the highest and lowest potential for CO2 assimilation at both high and low chloroplastic CO2 concentrations. In our opinion, this information is relevant to improve photosynthesis models and should be considered in future attempts to design more efficient Rubiscos

The Role of Green Infrastructure in Urban and Peri-urban Areas in Latin American: a Case Study in Cuenca, Ecuador

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchive