Wind tunnel and analytical investigation of over-the-wing propulsion/air frame interferences for a short-haul aircraft at Mach numbers from 0.6 to 0.78

Results of analytical calculations and wind tunnel tests at cruise speeds of a representative four engine short haul aircraft employing upper surface blowing (USB) with a supercritical wing are discussed. Wind tunnel tests covered a range of Mach number M from 0.6 to 0.78. Tests explored the use of three USB nozzle configurations. Results are shown for the isolated wing body and for each of the three nozzle types installed. Experimental results indicate that a low angle nacelle and streamline contoured nacelle yielded the same interference drag at the design Mach number. A high angle powered lift nacelle had higher interference drag primarily because of nacelle boattail low pressures and flow separation. Results of varying the spacing between the nacelles and the use of trailing edge flap deflections, wing upper surface contouring, and a convergent-divergent nozzle to reduce potential adverse jet effects were also discussed. Analytical comparisons with experimental data, made for selected cases, indicate favorable agreement

Compilation of Selected Vegetable Crop Reports Dealing with Research and Demonstration Plots Located at the Muck Crops Branch, 1983

Spinach cultivar trials, 1982 ; Celery cultivar trials, 1982 / James M. Pisarczyk and Richard L. Hassell -- Potato cultivar trials, 1982 / James M. Pisarczyk -- Celery transplant study, 1982 / Richard L. Hassell -- Parsley 1982 variety trials ; Onion 1982 variety trials ; Broccoli variety trials, 1982 / Richard L. Hassell -- Carrot variety trials, 1982 / R. Mack Riedel and Richard C. Henne -- Control of early blight of celery with fungicides, 1982 ; Control of crucifer downy mildew with fungicide sprays, 1982 / Randall C. Rowe and Richard L. Hassell -- Synergistic interaction between species of lesion nematodes and Verticillium dahliae, 1982 / R. M. Riedel and R. C. Rowe -- Transplants vs. bare-root in controlling root-knot nematode / R. M. Riedel -- Rotations for control of root-knot nematode / R. M. Riedel and J. A. Chatfield -- Fertilizer guidelines for vegetable crops grown on muck soils in Ohio / William M. Brooks, E. C. Wittmeyer and Richard Hassel

Daily Dietary Intake Patterns Improve after Visiting a Food Pantry among Food-Insecure Rural Midwestern Adults.

Emergency food pantries provide food at no cost to low-resource populations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate single-day dietary intake patterns before and after visiting a food pantry among food-secure and food-insecure pantry clients. This observational cohort study comprised a paired, before-and-after design with a pantry visit as the intervention. Participants (n = 455) completed a demographic and food security assessment, and two 24-h dietary recalls. Adult food security was measured using the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module. Dietary intake patterns were assessed using Automated Self-Administered 24-h Recall data and classified by Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) scores, dietary variety, number of eating occasions, and energy intake. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests compared outcomes before and after a pantry visit. Mean dietary variety increased after the pantry visit among both food-secure (p = 0.02) and food-insecure (p \u3c 0.0001) pantry clients. Mean energy intake (p = 0.0003), number of eating occasions (p = 0.004), and HEI-2010 component scores for total fruit (p \u3c 0.001) and whole fruit (p \u3c 0.0003) increased among food-insecure pantry clients only. A pantry visit may improve dietary intake patterns, especially among food-insecure pantry clients

Breakfast Consumption Is Positively Associated with Usual Nutrient Intakes among Food Pantry Clients Living in Rural Communities

Background: Breakfast consumption has declined over the past 40 y and is inversely associated with obesity-related diet and health outcomes. The breakfast pattern of food pantry clients and its association with diet is unknown. Objective: The objective is to investigate the association of breakfast consumption with diet quality and usual nutrient intakes among food pantry clients (n = 472) living in rural communities. Methods: This was an observational study using cross-sectional analyses. English-speaking participants ≥18 y (or ≥19 y in Nebraska) were recruited from 24 food pantries in rural high-poverty counties in Indiana, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, and South Dakota. Participants were surveyed at the pantry regarding characteristics and diet using 24-h recall. A second recall was self-completed or completed via assisted phone call within 2 wk of the pantry visit. Participants were classified as breakfast skippers when neither recall reported breakfast ≥230 kcal consumed between 04:00 and 10:00; breakfast consumers were all other participants. The Healthy Eating Index-2010 was modeled with breakfast pattern using multiple linear regression. Mean usual intake of 16 nutrients was estimated using the National Cancer Institute Method and compared across breakfast pattern groups. Usual nutrient intake was compared with the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or Adequate Intake (AI) to estimate the proportion of population not meeting the EAR or exceeding the AI. Results: A total of 56% of participants consumed breakfast. Compared with breakfast skippers, breakfast consumers had 10–59% significantly higher usual mean intakes of all nutrients (P ≤ 0.05), and had 12–21% lower prevalence of at-risk nutrient intakes except for vitamin D, vitamin E, and magnesium. Conclusions: Adult food pantry clients living in rural communities experienced hardships in meeting dietary recommendations. Breakfast consumption was positively associated with usual nutrient intakes in this population. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03566095

Update on a pilot study: Flumeltbi peripheral blood HLAhaploidentical stem cell transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide and bortezomib (Cy2Bor3)

Background: Bortezomib (Bor) can inhibit the proliferation of dendritic cells (DCs) and block the expression of co-receptors CD80, CD86 and secretion of cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α and hence the ability of DCs to activate T cells. We started a pilot study incorporating the addition of bortezomib to post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) in the setting of peripheral blood (PB) HLA-haploidentical stem cell transplantation (Haplo-SCT). Methods: This is a single center open label pilot study. Eligible patients received Fludarabine Melphalan TBI 200 cGy as conditioning followed by haplo-SCT and PTCY. Bor was administered at 1.3mg/m2 on day+1, 4 and 7. Tacrolimus and MMF were started at day+5. Results: Seven patients were enrolled so far, five males and 2 females. Median age was 58 years (26-60). Donors were 3 brothers, 3 sons and 1 mother. Disease risk index was high in 3, intermediate in 3 and low in 1. Three patients had AML, two had ALL and MM, one had ALL and one had CML. CMV recipient status was negative in one and positive in 6. Median HCT-CI was 3(1-4). Median CD34 and CD3 infused were 4.13 x10-6 and 1.7x10-8/ kg recipient respectively, all were cryopreserved except 2. Four patients had CRS before Cy infusion with ASTCT grade of 1. Six patients had grade 3 hypokalemia around day+ 4-5. Five patients had grade 3 mucositis and 2 had grade 1. Four patients had neutropenic fever and one patient had engraftment fever. Median neutrophils and platelets engraftment were 16 and 26 days respectively. Chimerism post SCT was \u3e =99% donor at day 30 for all patients. Six patients are off tacrolimus with median time to be off it was 187.5 days. Five pts had aGVHD with maximum grade of I in 3 patients, II in one patient and III in one patient at a median 50days post SCT. None developed early hematuria, four had late hematuria with highest grade of 4. Two patients were positive for BK virus. One patient had reactivation of CMV, 2 had EBV and one had adenovirus, all resolved. Three pts had HHV6 that resolved. Of the 5 patients who were evaluable, one developed moderate chronic GVHD. So far the median time to follow up is 455 days (70-1239) with relapse and subsequently death in one patient who had high risk AML with 3 different inductions prior to SCT. . At 1 year for 4 evaluable patients IgG were \u3e400 mg/dl and CD4 \u3e 350 cells/ul. Conclusions: Cy2Bor3 post PB Haplo-SCT was well tolerated. Although small number of patients and limited but encouraging results so far. The trial is ongoing

Sources and nature of ice-nucleating particles in the free troposphere at Jungfraujoch in winter 2017

Primary ice formation in mixed-phase clouds is initiated by a minute subset of the ambient aerosol population, called ice-nucleating particles (INPs). The knowledge about their atmospheric concentration, composition, and source in cloud-relevant environments is still limited. During the 2017 joint INUIT/CLACE (Ice Nuclei research UnIT/CLoud–Aerosol Characterization Experiment) field campaign, observations of INPs as well as of aerosol physical and chemical properties were performed, complemented by source region modeling. This aimed at investigating the nature and sources of INPs. The campaign took place at the High-Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch (JFJ), a location where mixed-phase clouds frequently occur. Due to its altitude of 3580 m a.s.l., the station is usually located in the lower free troposphere, but it can also receive air masses from terrestrial and marine sources via long-range transport. INP concentrations were quasi-continuously detected with the Horizontal Ice Nucleation Chamber (HINC) under conditions representing the formation of mixed-phase clouds at −31 ∘C. The INP measurements were performed in parallel to aerosol measurements from two single-particle mass spectrometers, the Aircraft-based Laser ABlation Aerosol MAss Spectrometer (ALABAMA) and the laser ablation aerosol particle time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LAAPTOF). The chemical identity of INPs is inferred by correlating the time series of ion signals measured by the mass spectrometers with the time series of INP measurements. Moreover, our results are complemented by the direct analysis of ice particle residuals (IPRs) by using an ice-selective inlet (Ice-CVI) coupled with the ALABAMA. Mineral dust particles and aged sea spray particles showed the highest correlations with the INP time series. Their role as INPs is further supported by source emission sensitivity analysis using atmospheric transport modeling, which confirmed that air masses were advected from the Sahara and marine environments during times of elevated INP concentrations and ice-active surface site densities. Indeed, the IPR analysis showed that, by number, mineral dust particles dominated the IPR composition (∼58 %), and biological and metallic particles are also found to a smaller extent (∼10 % each). Sea spray particles are also found as IPRs (17 %), and their fraction in the IPRs strongly varied according to the increased presence of small IPRs, which is likely due to an impact from secondary ice crystal formation. This study shows the capability of combining INP concentration measurements with chemical characterization of aerosol particles using single-particle mass spectrometry, source region modeling, and analysis of ice residuals in an environment directly relevant for mixed-phase cloud formation.</p

Ground-based and airborne in-situ measurements of the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic aerosol plume in Switzerland in spring 2010

The volcanic aerosol plume resulting from the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in Iceland in April and May 2010 was detected in clear layers above Switzerland during two periods (17–19 April 2010 and 16–19 May 2010). In-situ measurements of the airborne volcanic plume were performed both within ground-based monitoring networks and with a research aircraft up to an altitude of 6000 m a.s.l. The wide range of aerosol and gas phase parameters studied at the high altitude research station Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.) allowed for an in-depth characterization of the detected volcanic aerosol. Both the data from the Jungfraujoch and the aircraft vertical profiles showed a consistent volcanic ash mode in the aerosol volume size distribution with a mean optical diameter around 3 ± 0.3 &amp;mu;m. These particles were found to have an average chemical composition very similar to the trachyandesite-like composition of rock samples collected near the volcano. Furthermore, chemical processing of volcanic sulfur dioxide into sulfate clearly contributed to the accumulation mode of the aerosol at the Jungfraujoch. The combination of these in-situ data and plume dispersion modeling results showed that a significant portion of the first volcanic aerosol plume reaching Switzerland on 17 April 2010 did not reach the Jungfraujoch directly, but was first dispersed and diluted in the planetary boundary layer. The maximum PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; mass concentrations at the Jungfraujoch reached 30 &amp;mu;gm&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;3&lt;/sup&gt; and 70 &amp;mu;gm&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;3&lt;/sup&gt; (for 10-min mean values) duri ng the April and May episode, respectively. Even low-altitude monitoring stations registered up to 45 &amp;mu;gm&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;3&lt;/sup&gt; of volcanic ash related PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; (Basel, Northwestern Switzerland, 18/19 April 2010). The flights with the research aircraft on 17 April 2010 showed one order of magnitude higher number concentrations over the northern Swiss plateau compared to the Jungfraujoch, and a mass concentration of 320 (200–520) &amp;mu;gm&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;3&lt;/sup&gt; on 18 May 2010 over the northwestern Swiss plateau. The presented data significantly contributed to the time-critical assessment of the local ash layer properties during the initial eruption phase. Furthermore, dispersion models benefited from the detailed information on the volcanic aerosol size distribution and its chemical composition

Activation of Central Melanocortin Pathways by Fenfluramlne

D-fenfluramine (d-FEN) was once widely prescribed and was among the most effective weight loss drugs, but was withdrawn from clinical use because of reports of cardiac complications in a subset of patients. Discerning the neurobiology underlying the anorexic action of d-FEN may facilitate the development of new drugs to prevent and treat obesity. Through a combination of functional neuroanatomy, feeding, and electrophysiology studies in rodents, we show that d-FEN-induced anorexia requires activation of central nervous system melanocortin pathways. These results provide a mechanistic explanation of d-FEN\u27s anorexic actions and indicate that drugs targeting these downstream melanocortin pathways may prove to be effective and more selective antiobesity treatments

Protein trafficking through the endosomal system prepares intracellular parasites for a home invasion

Toxoplasma (toxoplasmosis) and Plasmodium (malaria) use unique secretory organelles for migration, cell invasion, manipulation of host cell functions, and cell egress. In particular, the apical secretory micronemes and rhoptries of apicomplexan parasites are essential for successful host infection. New findings reveal that the contents of these organelles, which are transported through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi, also require the parasite endosome-like system to access their respective organelles. In this review, we discuss recent findings that demonstrate that these parasites reduced their endosomal system and modified classical regulators of this pathway for the biogenesis of apical organelles