Temporal Experiment for Storms and Tropical Systems Technology Demonstration (TEMPEST-D) Mission: Enabling Time-Resolved Cloud and Precipitation Observations from 6U-Class Satellite Constellations

The Temporal Experiment for Storms and Tropical Systems Technology Demonstration (TEMPEST-D) mission is to demonstrate the capability of 6U-Class satellite constellations to perform repeat-pass radiometry to measure clouds and precipitation with high temporal resolution on a global basis. The TEMPEST mission concept is to improve understanding of clouds and precipitation by providing critical information on their time evolution in different climatic regimes. Measuring at five frequencies from 89 to 182 GHz, TEMPEST-D millimeter-wave radiometers are capable of penetrating into the cloud to observe changes as precipitation begins or ice accumulates inside the storm. The TEMPEST-D flight model radiometer instrument has been completed, passed functional testing, vibration testing and self-compatibility testing with the XB1 spacecraft bus. The next steps for the TEMPEST-D millimeter-wave radiometer are thermal vacuum testing and antenna pattern measurements. The complete TEMPEST-D flight system will be delivered to NanoRacks for launch integration in the autumn of 2017, in preparation for launch to the ISS in the second quarter of 2018, with deployment shortly thereafter into a nominal orbit at 400-km altitude and 51.6° inclination

Educational intervention improves anticoagulation control in atrial fibrillation patients:the TREAT randomised trial

Background: Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF), most commonly with warfarin, requires maintenance of a narrow therapeutic target (INR 2.0 to 3.0) and is often poorly controlled in practice. Poor patient-understanding surrounding AF and its’ treatment may contribute to patient’s willingness to adhere to recommendations. Method: A theory-driven intervention, developed using patient interviews and focus groups, consisting of a one-off group session (1-6 patients) utilising an ‘expert-patient’ focussed DVD, educational booklet, self-monitoring diary and worksheet, was compared in a randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN93952605) against usual care, with patient postal follow-ups at 1, 2, 6, and 12-months. Ninety-seven warfarin-naïve AF patients were randomised to intervention (n=46, mean age (SD) 72.0 (8.2), 67.4% men), or usual care (n=51, mean age (SD) 73.7 (8.1), 62.7% men), stratified by age, sex, and recruitment centre. Primary endpoint was time within therapeutic range (TTR); secondary endpoints included knowledge, quality of life, anxiety/depression, beliefs about medication, and illness perceptions. Main findings: Intervention patients had significantly higher TTR than usual care at 6-months (76.2% vs. 71.3%; p=0.035); at 12-months these differences were not significant (76.0% vs. 70.0%; p=0.44). Knowledge increased significantly across time (F (3, 47) = 6.4; p<0.01), but there were no differences between groups (F (1, 47) = 3.3; p = 0.07). At 6-months, knowledge scores predicted TTR (r=0.245; p=0.04). Patients’ scores on subscales representing their perception of the general harm and overuse of medication, as well as the perceived necessity of their AF specific medications predicted TTR at 6- and 12-months. Conclusions: A theory-driven educational intervention significantly improves TTR in AF patients initiating warfarin during the first 6-months. Adverse clinical outcomes may potentially be reduced by improving patients’ understanding of the necessity of warfarin and reducing their perception of treatment harm. Improving education provision for AF patients is essential to ensure efficacious and safe treatment

Concurrent Engineering Working Group (CEWG) Learning to Work Together

No abstract availabl

Advanced Robotics for In-Space Vehicle Processing

An analysis of spaceborne vehicle processing is described. Generic crew-EVA tasks are presented for a specific vehicle, the orbital maneuvering vehicle (OMV), with general implications to other on-orbit vehicles. The OMV is examined with respect to both servicing and maintenance. Crew-EVA activities are presented by task and mapped to a common set of generic crew-EVA primitives to identify high-demand areas for telerobot services. Similarly, a set of telerobot primitives is presented that can be used to model telerobot actions for alternative telerobot reference configurations. The telerobot primitives are tied to technologies and used for composting telerobot operations for an automated refueling scenario. Telerobotics technology issues and design accomodation guidelines (hooks and scars) for the Space Station Freedom are described

The D-Dimer test in combination with a decision rule for ruling out deep vein thrombosis in primary care: diagnostic technology update

In patients presenting in primary care with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT), does a point-of-care D-dimer assay combined with a decision rule accurately rule out DVT, and is this strategy cost effective? ©British Journal of General Practice

Global observations from a well-calibrated passive microwave atmospheric sounder on a CubeSat: Temporal Experiment for Storms and Tropical Systems Technology Demonstration (TEMPEST-D) Mission (Conference Presentation)

To improve understanding of rapid, dynamic evolution of convective cloud and precipitation processes as well as the surrounding water vapor environment, we require fine time-resolution multi-frequency microwave sounding observations capable of penetrating inside the storm where the microphysical processes leading to precipitation occur. To address this critical observational need, the Temporal Experiment for Storms and Tropical Systems (TEMPEST) mission deploys a train of 6U CubeSats carrying identical low-mass, low-power millimeter-wave radiometers to sample rapid changes in convection and water vapor every 3-4 minutes for up to 30 minutes. These millimeter-wave radiometers observe at five frequencies from 87 to 181 GHz. By rapidly sampling the life cycle of convection, TEMPEST fills a critical observational gap and complements existing and future satellite missions. To demonstrate global, well-calibrated radiometric measurements to meet the needs of TEMPEST, the TEMPEST Technology Demonstration (TEMPEST-D) mission satellite was launched on May 21, 2018 on Orbital ATK’s CRS-9 mission to the ISS and deployed into a 400-km altitude and 51.6° inclination orbit by NanoRacks on July 13, 2018. TEMPEST-D has met all mission requirements on schedule and within budget. After achieving first light on September 5, 2018, the TEMPEST-D mission has achieved TRL 7 for both the instrument and spacecraft systems. TEMPEST-D brightness temperatures have been cross-calibrated with those of four NASA, NOAA and EUMETSAT reference sensors observing at similar frequencies. Results demonstrate that the TEMPEST-D on-orbit instrument is a very well-calibrated and stable radiometer with very low noise, rivaling that of much larger, more expensive operational instruments

Global observations from a well-calibrated passive microwave atmospheric sounder on a CubeSat: Temporal Experiment for Storms and Tropical Systems Technology Demonstration (TEMPEST-D) Mission (Conference Presentation)

To improve understanding of rapid, dynamic evolution of convective cloud and precipitation processes as well as the surrounding water vapor environment, we require fine time-resolution multi-frequency microwave sounding observations capable of penetrating inside the storm where the microphysical processes leading to precipitation occur. To address this critical observational need, the Temporal Experiment for Storms and Tropical Systems (TEMPEST) mission deploys a train of 6U CubeSats carrying identical low-mass, low-power millimeter-wave radiometers to sample rapid changes in convection and water vapor every 3-4 minutes for up to 30 minutes. These millimeter-wave radiometers observe at five frequencies from 87 to 181 GHz. By rapidly sampling the life cycle of convection, TEMPEST fills a critical observational gap and complements existing and future satellite missions. To demonstrate global, well-calibrated radiometric measurements to meet the needs of TEMPEST, the TEMPEST Technology Demonstration (TEMPEST-D) mission satellite was launched on May 21, 2018 on Orbital ATK’s CRS-9 mission to the ISS and deployed into a 400-km altitude and 51.6° inclination orbit by NanoRacks on July 13, 2018. TEMPEST-D has met all mission requirements on schedule and within budget. After achieving first light on September 5, 2018, the TEMPEST-D mission has achieved TRL 7 for both the instrument and spacecraft systems. TEMPEST-D brightness temperatures have been cross-calibrated with those of four NASA, NOAA and EUMETSAT reference sensors observing at similar frequencies. Results demonstrate that the TEMPEST-D on-orbit instrument is a very well-calibrated and stable radiometer with very low noise, rivaling that of much larger, more expensive operational instruments

The Exo-S probe class starshade mission

Exo-S is a direct imaging space-based mission to discover and characterize exoplanets. With its modest size, Exo-S bridges the gap between census missions like Kepler and a future space-based flagship direct imaging exoplanet mission. With the ability to reach down to Earth-size planets in the habitable zones of nearly two dozen nearby stars, Exo-S is a powerful first step in the search for and identification of Earth-like planets. Compelling science can be returned at the same time as the technological and scientific framework is developed for a larger flagship mission. The Exo-S Science and Technology Definition Team studied two viable starshade-telescope missions for exoplanet direct imaging, targeted to the $1B cost guideline. The first Exo-S mission concept is a starshade and telescope system dedicated to each other for the sole purpose of direct imaging for exoplanets (The "Starshade Dedicated Mission"). The starshade and commercial, 1.1-m diameter telescope co-launch, sharing the same low-cost launch vehicle, conserving cost. The Dedicated mission orbits in a heliocentric, Earth leading, Earth-drift away orbit. The telescope has a conventional instrument package that includes the planet camera, a basic spectrometer, and a guide camera. The second Exo-S mission concept is a starshade that launches separately to rendezvous with an existing on-orbit space telescope (the "Starshade Rendezvous Mission"). The existing telescope adopted for the study is the WFIRST-AFTA (Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope Astrophysics Focused Telescope Asset). The WFIRST-AFTA 2.4-m telescope is assumed to have previously launched to a Halo orbit about the Earth-Sun L2 point, away from the gravity gradient of Earth orbit which is unsuitable for formation flying of the starshade and telescope. The impact on WFIRST-AFTA for starshade readiness is minimized; the existing coronagraph instrument performs as the starshade science instrument, while formation guidance is handled by the existing coronagraph focal planes with minimal modification and an added transceiver

The observatory for multi-epoch gravitational lens astrophysics (OMEGA)

Dark matter in a universe dominated by a cosmological constant seeds the formation of structure and is the scaffolding for galaxy formation. The nature of dark matter remains one of the fundamental unsolved problems in astrophysics and physics even though it represents 85% of the mass in the universe, and nearly one quarter of its total mass-energy budget. The mass function of dark matter "substructure" on sub-galactic scales may be enormously sensitive to the mass and properties of the dark matter particle. On astrophysical scales, especially at cosmological distances, dark matter substructure may only be detected through its gravitational influence on light from distant varying sources. Specifically, these are largely active galactic nuclei (AGN), which are accreting super-massive black holes in the centers of galaxies, some of the most extreme objects ever found. With enough measurements of the flux from AGN at different wavelengths, and their variability over time, the detailed structure around AGN, and even the mass of the super-massive black hole can be measured. The Observatory for Multi-Epoch Gravitational Lens Astrophysics (OMEGA) is a mission concept for a 1.5-m near-UV through near-IR space observatory that will be dedicated to frequent imaging and spectroscopic monitoring of-100 multiply-imaged active galactic nuclei over the whole sky. Using wavelength-tailored dichroics with extremely high transmittance, efficient imaging in six channels will be done simultaneously during each visit to each target. The separate spectroscopic mode, engaged through a flip-in mirror, uses an image slicer spectrograph. After a period of many visits to all targets, the resulting multidimensional movies can then be analyzed to a) measure the mass function of dark matter substructure; b) measure precise masses of the accreting black holes as well as the structure of their accretion disks and their environments over several decades of physical scale; and c) measure a combination of Hubble's local expansion constant and cosmological distances to unprecedented precision. We present the novel OMEGA instrumentation suite, and how its integrated design is ideal for opening the time domain of known cosmologically-distant variable sources, to achieve the stated scientific goals