Las proteínas P, la esporulación y la respiración en Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular. Fecha de lectura: 21-10-201

P1 and P2 protein heterodimer binding to the P0 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is relatively non-specific and a source of ribosomal heterogeneity

The ribosomal stalk is formed by four acidic phosphoproteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, P1α, P1β, P2α and P2β, which form two heterodimers, P1α/P2β and P1β/P2α, that preferentially bind to sites A and B of the P0 protein, respectively. Using mutant strains carrying only one of the four possible P1/P2 combinations, we found a specific phenotype associated to each P1/P2 pair, indicating that not all acidic P proteins play the same role. The absence of one P1/P2 heterodimer reduced the rate of cell growth by varying degrees, depending on the proteins missing. Synthesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit also decreased, particularly in strains carrying the unusual P1α–P2α or P1β–P2β heterodimers, although the distinct P1/P2 dimers are bound with similar affinity to the mutant ribosome. While in wild-type strains the B site bound P1β/P2α in a highly specific manner and the A site bound the four P proteins similarly, both the A and B binding sites efficiently bound practically any P1/P2 pair in mutant strains expressing truncated P0 proteins. The reported results support that while most ribosomes contain a P1α/P2β–P0–P1β/P2α structure in normal conditions, the stalk assembly mechanism can generate alternative compositions, which have been previously detected in the cell

The amino terminal end determines the stability and assembling capacity of eukaryotic ribosomal stalk proteins P1 and P2

The eukaryotic ribosomal proteins P1 and P2 bind to protein P0 through their N-terminal domain to form the essential ribosomal stalk. A mutational analysis points to amino acids at positions 2 and 3 as determinants for the drastic difference of Saccharomyces cerevisiae P1 and P2 half-life, and suggest different degradation mechanisms for each protein type. Moreover, the capacity to form P1/P2 heterodimers is drastically affected by mutations in the P2β four initial amino acids, while these mutations have no effect on P1β. Binding of P2β and, to a lesser extent, P1β to the ribosome is also seriously affected showing the high relevance of the amino acids in the first turn of the NTD α-helix 1 for the stalk assembly. The negative effect of some mutations on ribosome binding can be reversed by the presence of the second P1/P2 couple in the ribosome, indicating a stabilizing structural influence between the two heterodimers. Unexpectedly, some mutations totally abolish heterodimer formation but allow significant ribosome binding and, therefore, a previous P1 and P2 association seems not to be an absolute requirement for stalk assembly. Homology modeling of the protein complexes suggests that the mutated residues can affect the overall protein conformation

Extracción y purificación de glucosa oxidasa para fines diagnósticos producida en medios a base de fertilizantes y azúcar industrial

La enzima glucosa oxidasa (GOX) es componente esencial de reactivos para determinación de glicemia y otros parámetros paraclínicos. Para su producción suele utilizarse Aspergillus niger  cultivado en medios con sustratos costosos de grado analítico. Por tanto, se planteó purificar GOX producida por A. niger , cultivado con nutrientes complejos y económicos, y evaluar su efectividad en mediciones de concentración de glucosa. Para ello se formularon 4 tipos de medio, uno estándar y tres alternativos con azúcar industrial y fertilizantes. Los cultivos se realizaron en fiolas con 50 mL de medio bajo un diseño de bloques al azar, evaluando el crecimiento y la actividad enzimática. El medio alternativo con mejor rendimiento fue seleccionado para producción en biorreactores de 5 L y posterior purificación de GOX (fraccionamiento salino y cromatografías en Sephadex G-25 y DEAE-Sephacel). Se obtuvieron altos rendimientos de enzima (7 mg por carga) de alta pureza (39000 U/g) y un K M  aparente para glucosa de 22 ± 1 mM. El reactivo de diagnóstico formulado presentó un intervalo de linealidad óptima (de 50 a 600 mg/dL de glucosa). Por lo que se concluyó que los sustratos en el medio de cultivo alternativo no interfieren en la calidad y cantidad del producto purificado.&nbsp