A OITIVA DO MENOR DE IDADE, CONFORME A LEI 13.431/17 E A SUA POSSÍVEL CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA A REDUÇÃO DAS FALSAS MEMÓRIAS EM CRIMES QUE NÃO DEIXAM VESTÍGIOS.

O presente artigo discorre acerca da fragilidade da prova testemunhal, - especialmente no que diz respeito aos crimes que não deixam vestígio-, em decorrência do fenômeno das falsas memórias, o qual possui maior probabilidade de surgimento em mentes infantis. Desta forma, tem como o objetivo analisar de que forma a lei 13.431/17, a qual prevê o depoimento especial de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de infrações penais, contribui para a redução da incidência do referido fenômeno durante a instrução criminal. A conclusão de que o dispositivo legal, em razão da adoção de procedimentos específicos e apurados para a colheita do depoimento do menor de idade, contribui para um testemunho mais fidedigno à realidade, foi alcançada através de abordagem qualitativa e pesquisa bibliográfica em doutrinas e artigos, além de pesquisa documental em leis e jurisprudências.This article discusses the fragility of testimonial evidence, especially with respect to crimes that leave no trace, as a result of the phenomenon of false memories, which is more likely to arise in children's minds. Thus, its objective is to analyze how the Law 13,431/17, which provides for the special testimony of children and adolescents who are victims of criminal offenses, contributes to the reduction of the incidence of this phenomenon during the criminal investigation. The conclusion that the legal provision, due to the adoption of specific and accurate procedures for the collection of the testimony of minors, contributes to a more reliable testimony to reality, was achieved through qualitative approach and bibliographic research in doctrines and articles, in addition to documentary research in laws and jurisprudence

Auto–avaliação - O Caso da Unijuí.

A identidade da Unijuí – Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do RS - enquanto instituição universitária afirma-se tradicionalmente não apenas pelo olhar interno, mas também pela possibilidade da participação e da opinião da comunidade universitária e da sociedade. Com base na sua história de avaliação e com referência na Lei do Sinaes – Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior - a Unijuí, por meio da CPA – Comissão Própria de Avaliação -organizou espaço para a comunidade universitária e para a sociedade participar em seu projeto de avaliação institucional na perspectiva da “escuta”, da “reflexão”, do “diálogo” e do “encaminhamento às instâncias de gestão da Universidade” de demandas institucionais e da região. Nesse sentido, a CPA preocupou-se em encontrar formas de envolver a todos os segmentos da comunidade universitária, chamando-os a se auto-avaliarem e, assim, promover a auto-avaliação institucional. Esta evidencia, na Unijuí, o compromisso de uma prática de reflexão e de sistematização da atuação universitária em suas diferentes dimensões sustentada no princípio democrático, no diálogo e na interação no âmbito da comunidade universitária e da comunidade externa. Como metodologia adotada pela CPA, o desafio de que cada segmento universitário organizasse a sua própria forma de fazer a auto-avaliação, possibilitou que surgissem encaminhamentos metodológicos diferenciados e muitas vezes originais. Os resultados estão se caracterizando por formas significativas de pensar a Universidade no seu papel em âmbito nacional e particularmente a Unijuí

External location of the buccinator muscle to facilitate electromyographic analysis

Electromyography is frequently used to measure the activity of masticatory muscles. It requires the precise setting of the electrodes, which demands the accurate location of the muscle to be evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of an external method to locate the buccinator muscle. Fifteen human cadavers were evaluated and planes were determined on the face using anatomic landmarks. An angle (a) was obtained at the intersection of these planes on the central point of buccinator muscle and measured with a protractor. The value of the angle allows locating the central point of buccinator muscle based on anatomic landmarks on the face. Statistical analysis of the collected data indicated an angle of 90º with 95% reliability, thus proving the efficacy of the proposed method.A eletromiografia é frequentemente utilizada para mensurar a atividade dos músculos mastigatórios. Esta análise exige a colocação precisa dos eletrodos, o que requer a localização exata do músculo a ser avaliado. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a acurácia de um método externo para localização do músculo bucinador. Quinze cadáveres humanos foram avaliados e planos foram determinados na face utilizando-se pontos de referência anatômicos. Um ângulo (a) foi obtido na interseção desses planos no ponto central do músculo bucinador e foi medido com um transferidor. O valor do ângulo permite localizar o ponto central do músculo bucinador baseado nos pontos de referência anatômicos da face. A análise estatística dos dados obtidos indicou um ângulo de 90º com 95% de confiabilidade, confirmando dessa forma a eficácia do método proposto.São Paulo State University Dental School of Araraquara Department of Dental Materials and ProsthodonticsSão Paulo State University Dental School of Araraquara Department of MorphologyFederal University of São Paulo Medical School of São Paulo Speech TherapistUNIFESP, Medical School of São Paulo Speech TherapistSciEL

Selection of reference genes for expression Study in pulp and seeds of Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) Schum

Cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum [Willd. ex Spreng.] Schum) is a species of high economic importance in Brazil with great potential at international level due to the multiple uses of both its seeds and pulp in the industry of sweets and cosmetics. For this reason, the cupuassu breeding program focused on the selection of genotypes with high pulp and seed quality—selection associated with the understanding of the mechanisms involved in fruit formation. Gene expression is one of the most used approaches related to such understanding. In this sense, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a powerful tool, since it rapidly and reliably quantifies gene expression levels across different experimental conditions. The analysis by qPCR and the correct interpretation of data depend on signal normalization using reference genes, i.e. genes presenting a uniform pattern of expression in the analyzed samples. Here, we selected and analyzed the expression of five genes from cupuassu (ACP, ACT, GAPDH, MDH, TUB) to be used as candidates for reference genes on pulp and seed of young, maturing and mature cupuassu fruits. The evaluation of the gene expression stability was obtained using the NormFinder, geNorm and BestKeeper programs. In general, our results indicated that the GAPDH and MDH genes constituted the best combination as reference genes to analyze the expression of cupuassu samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of reference gene definition in cupuassu, and these results will support subsequent analysis related to gene expression studies in cupuassu plants subjected to different biotic or abiotic conditions as well as serve as a tool for diversity analysis based on pulp and seed quality. (Résumé d'auteur

Extracellular Vesicles Released by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis Promote Disease Progression and Induce the Production of Different Cytokines in Macrophages and B-1 Cells

The extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by Leishmania can contribute to the establishment of infection and host immunomodulation. In this study, we characterized the shedding of EVs from Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis promastigotes. This species is the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, and its role during interactions with bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and peritoneal B-1 cells was evaluated. Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes cultivated in vitro at different times and temperatures spontaneously released EVs. EVs were purified using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and quantitated by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). NTA revealed that the average size of the EVs was approximately 180 nm, with concentrations ranging from 1.8 × 108 to 2.4 × 109 vesicles/mL. In addition, the presence of LPG and GP63 were detected in EVs obtained at different temperatures. Naïve BMDMs stimulated with EVs exhibited increased IL-10 and IL-6 expression. However, incubating B-1 cells with parasite EVs did not stimulate IL-10 expression but led to an increase in the expression of IL-6 and TNFα. After 7 weeks post-infection, animals infected with L. amazonensis promastigotes in the presence of parasite EVs had significant higher parasite load and a polarization to Th2 response, as compared to the group infected with the parasite alone. This work demonstrated that EVs isolated from L. amazonensis promastigotes were able to stimulate macrophages and B-1 cells to express different types of cytokines. Moreover, the immunomodulatory properties of EVs probably contributed to an increase in parasite burden in mice. These findings suggest that the functionality of L. amazonensis EVs on immune system favor of parasite survival and disease progression

Genomic history of coastal societies from eastern South America

Sambaqui (shellmound) societies are among the most intriguing archaeological phenomena in pre-colonial South America, extending from approximately 8,000 to 1,000 years before present (yr bp) across 3,000 km on the Atlantic coast. However, little is known about their connection to early Holocene hunter-gatherers, how this may have contributed to different historical pathways and the processes through which late Holocene ceramists came to rule the coast shortly before European contact. To contribute to our understanding of the population history of indigenous societies on the eastern coast of South America, we produced genome-wide data from 34 ancient individuals as early as 10,000 yr bp from four different regions in Brazil. Early Holocene hunter-gatherers were found to lack shared genetic drift among themselves and with later populations from eastern South America, suggesting that they derived from a common radiation and did not contribute substantially to later coastal groups. Our analyses show genetic heterogeneity among contemporaneous Sambaqui groups from the southeastern and southern Brazilian coast, contrary to the similarity expressed in the archaeological record. The complex history of intercultural contact between inland horticulturists and coastal populations becomes genetically evident during the final horizon of Sambaqui societies, from around 2,200 yr bp, corroborating evidence of cultural change