Um algoritmo genético para o problema de corte unidimensional inteiro

Este trabalho trata do Problema de Corte de Estoque Unidimensional Inteiro que consiste no corte de barras em estoque para produzir itens menores de forma a otimizar uma função objetivo. Estudamos o caso onde se têm várias barras em estoque com tamanhos diferentes e em quantidade limitada. É proposto um novo método heurístico baseado nos conceitos de programação evolutiva, algoritmo genético. Este novo método é analisado a partir de testes com um conjunto de exemplos gerados aleatoriamente

Effect of Previous Crops and Soil Physicochemical Properties on the Population of Verticillium dahliae in the Iberian Peninsula

The soil infestation of Verticillium dahliae has significant Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO) with epidemiological consequences which could limit the expansion of the crop. In this context, there is a misunderstood history of the crops and soil property interactions associated with inoculum density (ID) increases in the soil. In this study, the effect of the combination of both factors was assessed on the ID of V. dahliae in the olive-growing areas of the Iberian Peninsula. Afterwards, the relationship of the ID to the mentioned factors was explored. The detection percentage and ID were higher in Spain than Portugal, even though the fields with a very favourable VWO history had a higher ID than that of the fields with a barely favourable history, regardless of the origin. The soil physicochemical parameters were able to detect the degree to which the ID was increased by the previous cropping history. By using a decision tree classifier, the percentage of clay was the best indicator for the V. dahliae ID regardless of the history of the crops. However, active limestone and the cation exchange capacity were only suitable ID indicators when <2 or 4 host crops of the pathogen were established in the field for five years, respectively. The V. dahliae ID was accurately predicted in this study for the orchard choices in the establishment of the olive

New psychoactive substance Α-PVP in a traffic accident case

The problems of new psychoactive substances (NPSs), especially related to drivers, constitute an open research area. In this case report, we present a traffic accident case, in which two passengers of five individuals died instantly, while the other three persons survived the accident with minor injuries only. From the blood samples of the driver and the passengers, α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP), an NPS belonging to the category of cathinone derivatives, was disclosed. Therefore, we established a detailed procedure for analysis of α-PVP in blood samples by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. After careful validation tests of this method, α-PVP concentration in blood samples from the surviving driver and passengers, and from the two deceased, were measured. The concentrations varied from 20 to 650 ng/mL. Access to detailed information originating from the court files and from explanations provided by the driver and eye witnesses revealed extremely valuable illustrative details addressing the symptoms and pharmacological effects of α-PVP on the human organism, thus contributing to enriching the body of knowledge of α-PVP abuse

Iatrogenic Gastric Dilatation: A Rare and Transient Cause of Hepatic-portal Venous Gas

Gas in the portal veins is rare and in most cases is associated with serious diseases and poor clinical outcome. A case of gas in the hepatic-portal veins with gastric dilatation, as shown by CT-scanning for abdominal trauma, is reported. The condition was clinically benign and resolved spontaneously. An abdominal CT scan documented the findings

Getting Acquainted with Kant

My question here concerns whether Kant claims that experience has nonconceptual content, or whether, on his view, experience is essentially conceptual. However there is a sense in which this debate concerning the content of intuition is ill-conceived. Part of this has to do with the terms in which the debate is set, and part to do with confusion over the connection between Kant’s own views and contemporary concerns in epistemology and the philosophy of mind. However, I think much of the substance of the debate concerning Kant’s views on the content of experience can be salvaged by reframing it in terms of a debate about the dependence relations, if any, that exist between different cognitive capacities. Below, in Section 2, I clarify the notion of ‘content’ I take to be at stake in the interpretive debate. Section 3 presents reasons for thinking that intuition cannot have content in the relevant sense. I then argue, in Section 4, that the debate be reframed in terms of dependence. We should distinguish between Intellectualism, according to which all objective representation (understood in a particular way) depends on acts of synthesis by the intellect, and Sensibilism, according to which at least some forms of objective representation are independent of any such acts (or the capacity for such acts). Finally, in Section 5, I further elucidate the cognitive role of intuition. I articulate a challenge which Kant understands alethic modal considerations to present for achieving cognition, and argue that a version of Sensibilism that construes intuition as a form of acquaintance is better positioned to answer this challenge than Intellectualism

The ability of digital breast tomosynthesis to reduce additional examinations in older women

AimsTo assess the diagnostic performance of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in older women across varying breast densities and to compare its effectiveness for cancer detection with 2D mammography and ultrasound (U/S) for different breast density categories. Furthermore, our study aimed to predict the potential reduction in unnecessary additional examinations among older women due to DBT.MethodsThis study encompassed a cohort of 224 older women. Each participant underwent both 2D mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis examinations. Supplementary views were conducted when necessary, including spot compression and magnification, ultrasound, and recommended biopsies. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated for 2D mammography, DBT, and ultrasound. The impact of DBT on diminishing the need for supplementary imaging procedures was predicted through binary logistic regression.ResultsIn dense breast tissue, DBT exhibited notably heightened sensitivity and NPV for lesion detection compared to non-dense breasts (61.9% vs. 49.3%, p &lt; 0.001) and (72.9% vs. 67.9%, p &lt; 0.001), respectively. However, the AUC value of DBT in dense breasts was lower compared with non-dense breasts (0.425 vs. 0.670). Regarding the ability to detect calcifications, DBT demonstrated significantly improved sensitivity and NPV in dense breasts compared to non-dense breasts (100% vs. 99.2%, p &lt; 0.001) and (100% vs. 94.7%, p &lt; 0.001), respectively. On the other hand, the AUC value of DBT was slightly lower in dense breasts compared with non-dense (0.682 vs. 0.711). Regarding lesion detection for all cases between imaging examinations, the highest sensitivity was observed in 2D mammography (91.7%, p &lt; 0.001), followed by DBT (83.7%, p &lt; 0.001), and then ultrasound (60.6%, p &lt; 0.001). In dense breasts, sensitivity for lesion detection was highest in 2D mammography (92.9%, p &lt; 0.001), followed by ultrasound (76.2%, p &lt; 0.001), and the last one was DBT. In non-dense breasts, sensitivities were 91% (p &lt; 0.001) for 2D mammography, 50.7% (p &lt; 0.001) for ultrasound, and 49.3% (p &lt; 0.001) for DBT. In terms of calcification detection, DBT displayed significantly superior sensitivity compared to 2D mammography in both dense and non-dense breasts (100% vs. 91.4%, p &lt; 0.001) and (99.2% vs. 78.5%, p &lt; 0.001), respectively. However, the logistic regression model did not identify any statistically significant relationship (p &gt; 0.05) between DBT and the four dependent variables.ConclusionOur findings indicate that among older women, DBT does not significantly decrease the requirement for further medical examinations

European and multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of atopic dermatitis highlights importance of systemic immune regulation

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin condition and prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 71 associated loci. In the current study we conducted the largest AD GWAS to date (discovery N = 1,086,394, replication N = 3,604,027), combining previously reported cohorts with additional available data. We identified 81 loci (29 novel) in the European-only analysis (which all replicated in a separate European analysis) and 10 additional loci in the multi-ancestry analysis (3 novel). Eight variants from the multi-ancestry analysis replicated in at least one of the populations tested (European, Latino or African), while two may be specific to individuals of Japanese ancestry. AD loci showed enrichment for DNAse I hypersensitivity and eQTL associations in blood. At each locus we prioritised candidate genes by integrating multi-omic data. The implicated genes are predominantly in immune pathways of relevance to atopic inflammation and some offer drug repurposing opportunities.</p

European and multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of atopic dermatitis highlights importance of systemic immune regulation.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin condition and prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 71 associated loci. In the current study we conducted the largest AD GWAS to date (discovery N = 1,086,394, replication N = 3,604,027), combining previously reported cohorts with additional available data. We identified 81 loci (29 novel) in the European-only analysis (which all replicated in a separate European analysis) and 10 additional loci in the multi-ancestry analysis (3 novel). Eight variants from the multi-ancestry analysis replicated in at least one of the populations tested (European, Latino or African), while two may be specific to individuals of Japanese ancestry. AD loci showed enrichment for DNAse I hypersensitivity and eQTL associations in blood. At each locus we prioritised candidate genes by integrating multi-omic data. The implicated genes are predominantly in immune pathways of relevance to atopic inflammation and some offer drug repurposing opportunities

Vorgehen bei Kindern mit geringgradiger sensorineuraler Schwerhörigkeit

Fragestellung: Seit Einführung des Neugeborenen-Hörscreenings besteht die Chance, Kinder mit einer geringgradigen sensorineuralen Schwerhörigkeit früh zu erfassen. Wie ist das weitere Vorgehen zu planen? Methode: Die Krankengeschichten von 30 Kindern mit einer geringgradigen Schwerhörigkeit (Hörverlust am besseren Ohr zwischen 20 und 40 dB, errechnet als arithmetisches Mittel aus dem Hörverlust bei 0,5, 1, 2 und 4 kHz) wurden hinsichtlich Anamnese, Zeitpunkt der Diagnose, therapeutischem Vorgehen, und Vorliegen von Zusatzproblemen retrospektiv evaluiert. Ergebnisse: Insbesondere Kinder mit einer geringgradigen Tieftonschwerhörigkeit fallen erst im Schulalter auf. In einigen Fällen wurden sie mit dem Verdacht auf eine auditive Verarbeitungsstörung zur Abklärung zugewiesen. Hatte ein Neugeborenen-Hörscreening stattgefunden, so war es meist auffällig gewesen. Die weitere Diagnostik hatte eine "relevante" Hörstörung ausschließen können. In den meisten Fällen profitierten die Kinder von einer Versorgung mit Hörgeräten. Schlussfolgerung: Fallen Kinder beim Neugeborenen-Hörscreening auf, und kann bei der Diagnostik eine "relevante" Hörstörung ausgeschlossen werden, ist die Information der Eltern über die Notwendigkeit weiterer pädaudiologischer Kontrollen erforderlich. Darüber hinaus ist die Beratung hinsichtlich Förderung der Hör- und Sprachentwicklung essentiell. Die Indikation, ob und zu welchem Zeitpunkt die prothetische Versorgung erfolgen soll, ist im Einzelfall abhängig von der Gesamtentwicklung zu stellen

Rosacea-like eruption due to topical pimecrolimus

Topical calcineurin inhibitors have been used outside their approved indications for a number of conditions, including topical steroid-induced rosacea. However, tacrolimus ointment itself has been reported to trigger rosacea in a small number of cases. We report a case of a rosacea-like eruption in a 39-year-old woman occurring after the use of pimecrolimus cream for 12 months for atopic dermatitis. Withdrawal of pimecrolimus combined with treatment with oral lymecycline, topical metronidazole, and an emollient resulted in resolution of the eruption. There have been 5 previously reported cases of a topical pimecrolimus-induced rosacea-like eruption suggesting that this rare side-effect may be a class effect of all topical calcineurin inhibitors. Dermatologists prescribing these drugs should be aware of this uncommon complication and may wish to warn patients of its occurrence as a potential side-effect when using topical calcineurin inhibitors in facial skin in adults. </p