Toxicities effects of pharmaceutical, olive mill and textile wastewaters before and after degradation by Pseudomonas putida mt-2

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Removal of numerous classes of chemical pollutants from the industrial wastewater such as textile, pharmaceutical and olive mill using conventional wastewater treatment, is incomplete and several studies suggested that improvement of this situation would require the application of biological treatment techniques. Dyes, polyphenols and drugs are an environmental pollutants extremely toxics to plants and other living organisms including humans. These effluents were previously treated by <it>Pseudomonas putida</it>. The main of this work was to evaluate the <it>in vivo </it>toxicity of the three wastewaters.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Writhes and convulsant effect of effluents were carried out and were compared to the treated effluents. Only pharmaceutical wastewater was exhibited a convulsant effect which observed in mice treated by effluent. On the other hand, all industrial wastewater induced significantly an algogenic effects particularly when mice were treated by the pharmaceutical wastewater (Number of writhes = 44).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Toxicity was totally removed when mice were treated by the bio remediated effluent. This indicates that <it>P. putida </it>was able to completely detoxify the toxic industrial effluent.</p

Antimutagenic and free radical scavenger effects of leaf extracts from Accacia salicina

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Three extracts were prepared from the leaves of <it>Accacia salicina</it>; ethyl acetate (EA), chloroform (Chl) and petroleum ether (PE) extracts and was designed to examine antimutagenic, antioxidant potenty and oxidative DNA damage protecting activity.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Antioxidant activity of <it>A. salicina </it>extracts was determined by the ability of each extract to protect against plasmid DNA strand scission induced by hydroxyl radicals. An assay for the ability of these extracts to prevent mutations induced by various oxidants in <it>Salmonella typhimurium </it>TA102 and TA 104 strains was conducted. In addition, nonenzymatic methods were employed to evaluate anti-oxidative effects of tested extracts.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>These extracts from leaf parts of <it>A. salicina </it>showed no mutagenicity either with or without the metabolic enzyme preparation (S9). The highest protections against methylmethanesulfonate induced mutagenicity were observed with all extracts and especially chloroform extract. This extract exhibited the highest inhibitiory level of the Ames response induced by the indirect mutagen 2- aminoanthracene. All extracts exhibited the highest ability to protect plasmid DNA against hydroxyl radicals induced DNA damages. The ethyl acetate (EA) and chloroform (Chl) extracts showed with high TEAC values radical of 0.95 and 0.81 mM respectively, against the ABTS^.+.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The present study revealed the antimutagenic and antioxidant potenty of plant extract from <it>Accacia salicina </it>leaves.</p

In vitro Antibacterial Effects of Salvia sclarea, Eucalyptus Globulus and Eugenia Caryophyllata Essential oils Against Multidrug Resistant Corynebacterium spp Clinical Isolates

Objectives: Multidrug resistant Corynebacterium species are increasingly reported as the ethiological agent of various clinical infections. Thus, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of three essential oils Salvia sclarea, Eucalyptus globulus and Eugenia caryophyllata against Corynebacterium species. Methods: Twenty-four multidrug resistant strains including C. striatum, C. amycolatum, C. urealyticum, C. aurimucosum, C. imitans, and C. jeikeium were used in the study. Inhibition diameter zone, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericide concentration of these oils were determined using agar disc diffusion method and microdilution method. Tigecycline was used as positive control. Results: Our study showed that Eugenia caryophyllata had the best activity. Eucalyptus globulus extract exhibited a moderate activity and Salvia sclarea was inactive against all the species tested. We found that C. amycolatum was more resistant to the essential oils than other species. On the other hand, tigecycline was effective on the majority of the strains (37.5%), but his action was lower than Eugenia caryophyllata oil. Conclusion: These results support the use of clove oil as a natural alternative to treat infections caused by multidrug resistant corynebacteria

Incidence of dairy wastewater on morphological and physiological comportment of Chemlali and Chetoui olive

In the present study the analysis of the physico-chemical parameters of the collected TWW shows the BOD, COD, COT, Cl-, NO3, NO2, suspended matter, organic matter, turbidity and conductivity were in accordance with the required Tunisian legislations. In the same occurrence, the ICP-MS and the UPLC-MS/MS analysis show that TWW were devoid of different toxic metals and antibiotics, respectively. We opted to reuse of the TWW in the irrigation of young olive trees of two varieties: Olea europaea L. cv. Chetoui and Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali which receiving 1 L/week of TWW during five months. Results show that dry roots weight and the content of chlorophyll a in 'Chetoui' variety increased significantly (p < 0.05) when compared to the control group. On the same way, significantly increase of leaf area, dry roots and leaves weights was observed in 'Chemlali' variety treated with TWW. Keywords: Dairy wastewater, Reuse wastewater, Olea europaea L., ICP-MS, UPLC-MS/M

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ДВД, посветено на традиционалната музичка и играорна култура на Македонците муслимани

Polar extracts from (Tunisian) Acacia salicina Lindl. Study of the antimicrobial and antigenotoxic activities

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Methanolic, aqueous and Total Oligomer Flavonoids (TOF)-enriched extracts obtained from the leaves of <it>Acacia salicina </it>'Lindl.' were investigated for antibacterial, antimutagenic and antioxidant activities.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The antimicrobial activity was tested on the Gram positive and Gram negative reference bacterial strains. The Mutagenic and antimutagenic activities against direct acting mutagens, methylmethane sulfonate (MMS) and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NOPD), and indirect acting mutagens, 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA) and benzo[a]pyrene (B(a)P) were performed with <it>S. typhimurium </it>TA102 and TA98 assay systems. In addition, the enzymatic and nonenzymatic methods were employed to evaluate the anti-oxidative effects of the tested extracts.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A significant effect against the Gram positive and Gram negative reference bacterial strains was observed with all the extracts. The mutagenic and antimutagenic studies revealed that all the extracts decreased the mutagenicity induced by B(a)P (7.5 μg/plate), 2-AA (5 μg/plate), MMS (1.3 mg/plate) and NOPD (10 μg/plate). Likewise, all the extracts showed an important free radical scavenging activity towards the superoxide anion generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase assay system, as well as high Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), against the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS)⁺• radical. TOF-enriched extract exhibited the highest protective effect against free radicals, direct acting-mutagen and metabolically activated S9-dependent mutagens.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The present study indicates that the extracts from <it>A. salicina </it>leaves are a significant source of compounds with the antimutagenic and antioxidant activities, and this may be useful for developing potential chemopreventive substances.</p

Oyster's cells regulatory volume decrease A new tool for evaluating the toxicity of low concentration hydrocarbons in marine waters

Human activities require fossil fuels for transport and energy, a substantial part of which can accidentally or voluntarily (oil spillage) flow to the marine environment and cause adverse effects in human and ecosystems' health. This experiment was designed to estimate the suitability of an original cellular biomarker to early quantify the biological risk associated to hydrocarbons pollutants in seawater. Oocytes and hepatopancreas cells, isolated from oyster (Crassostrea gigas), were tested for their capacity to regulate their volume following a hypo-osmotic challenge. Cell volumes were estimated from cell images recorded at regular time intervals during a 90 min-period. When exposed to diluted seawater (osmolalities from 895 to 712 mosm kg(-1)), both cell types first swell and then undergo a shrinkage known as Regulatory Volume Decrease (RVD). This process is inversely proportional to the magnitude of the osmotic shock and is best fitted using a first-order exponential decay model. The Recovered Volume Factor (RVF) calculated from this model appears to be an accurate tool to compare cells responses. As shown by an about 50% decrease in RVF, the RVD process was significantly inhibited in cells sampled from oysters previously exposed to a low concentration of diesel oil (8.4 mg L-1 during 24 h). This toxic effect was interpreted as a decreased permeability of the cell membranes resulting from an alteration of their lipidic structure by diesel oil compounds. In contrast, the previous contact of oysters with diesel did not induce any rise in the gills glutathione S-transferase specific activity. Therefore, this work demonstrates that the study of the RVD process of cells selected from sentinel animal species could be an alternative bioassay for the monitoring of hydrocarbons and probably, of various chemicals in the environment liable to alter the cellular regulations. Especially, given the high sensitivity of this biomarker compared with a proven one, it could become a relevant and accurate tool to estimate the biological hazards of micropollutants in the water. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved