Coliform and Metal Contamination in Lago de Colina, a Recreational Water Body in Chihuahua State, Mexico

Lago de Colina (Colina Lake) is located about 180 km south of the city of Chihuahua (Mexico), and during the Semana Santa (Holy Week) vacation period its recreational use is high. The objective of this study was to quantify coliform and heavy metal levels in this water body before and after the Holy Week vacation period in 2010. Twenty sampling points were randomly selected and two water samples were collected at each point near the surface (0.30 m) and at 1 m depth. After the Holy Week vacation the same twenty points were sampled at the same depths. Therefore, a total 80 water samples were analyzed for fecal and total coliforms and levels of the following metals: Al, As, B, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Se, Si and Zn. It was hypothesized that domestic tourism contaminated this water body, and as a consequence, could have a negative impact on visitor health. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) study was performed for each element and its interactions considering a factorial design where factor A was sample date and factor B was sample depth. Fecal coliforms were only detected at eight sampling points in the first week, but after Holy Week, both fecal and total coliforms were detected at most sampling points. The concentrations of Al, B, Na, Ni and Se were only statistically different for factor A. The levels of Cr, Cu, K and Mg was different for both date and depth, but the dual factor interaction was not significant. The amount of Ca and Zn was statistically different due to date, depth and their interaction. No significant differences were found for any factor or the interaction for the elements As, Fe and Mn. Because of the consistent results, it is concluded that local tourism is contaminating the recreational area of Colina Lake, Chihuahua, Mexico

Burnout syndrome in teachers of a professional institution in Mexico

El síndrome de Burnout o síndrome de quemarse por trabajo, es un efecto a largo plazo de estrés crónico y se presenta por un contacto directo con las personas. El objetivo fue determinar la existencia de Burnout en los profesores de la Facultad de Contaduría y Administración (FCA) de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua (UACh) y su relación con factores emocionales como la depresión, la ansiedad e insomnio, la satisfacción profesional y los indicadores sociodemográficos y laborales. El diseño de la investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo de forma aplicada, descriptiva, con apoyo bibliográfico y se aplicó un instrumento de acuerdo con los criterios del Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) y el cuestionario de salud general de Goldberg. Los resultados más significativos destacan que al igual que en los estudios de Maslach y Jackson, el cansancio emocional afecta más a las mujeres que a los hombres. Sin embargo, los hallazgos en este estudio proporcionaron evidencias sobre ciertos factores emocionales relacionados con la aparición del desajuste emocional y Burnout, que deben ser tomados en cuenta en futuras investigaciones sobre el estrés laboral en los profesores.Burnout syndrome, or burning for work syndrome, is a long-term effect of chronic stress and occurs in jobs that have direct contact with people. The aim was to determine the existence of Burnout in professors of the Faculty of Accounting and Administration (FCA) of the Autonomous University of Chihuahua (UACH) and its relation with emotional factors such as depression, anxiety and insomnia, job satisfaction, and socio-demographic and labor indicators. The research design had a quantitative approach in a descriptive and applied form with a bibliographic support, and a tool according to Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used, and also the General Health Questionnaire of Goldberg. The most significant results underline that as well as in Maslach and Jackson studies, the emotional exhaustion affects women more than men. However, the findings in this study provide evidence of certain emotional factors related to the occurrence of emotional maladjustment and Burnout, which should be considered in future research on labor stress in professors

Síndrome de Burnout en profesores de una institución superior en México

El síndrome de Burnout o síndrome de quemarse por trabajo, es un efecto a largo plazo de estrés crónico y se presenta por un contacto directo con las personas. El objetivo fue determinar la existencia de Burnout en los profesores de la Facultad de Contaduría y Administración (FCA) de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua (UACh) y su relación con factores emocionales como la depresión, la ansiedad e insomnio, la satisfacción profesional y los indicadores sociodemográficos y laborales. El diseño de la investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo de forma aplicada, descriptiva, con apoyo bibliográfico y se aplicó un instrumento de acuerdo con los criterios del Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) y el cuestionario de salud general de Goldberg. Los resultados más significativos destacan que al igual que en los estudios de Maslach y Jackson, el cansancio emocional afecta más a las mujeres que a los hombres. Sin embargo, los hallazgos en este estudio proporcionaron evidencias sobre ciertos factores emocionales relacionados con la aparición del desajuste emocional y Burnout, que deben ser tomados en cuenta en futuras investigaciones sobre el estrés laboral en los profesores.Burnout syndrome, or burning for work syndrome, is a long-term effect of chronic stress and occurs in jobs that have direct contact with people. The aim was to determine the existence of Burnout in professors of the Faculty of Accounting and Administration (FCA) of the Autonomous University of Chihuahua (UACH) and its relation with emotional factors such as depression, anxiety and insomnia, job satisfaction, and socio- demographic and labor indicators. The research design had a quantitative approach in a descriptive and applied form with a bibliographic support, and a tool according to Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used, and also the General Health Questionnaire of Goldberg. The most significant results underline that as well as in Maslach and Jackson studies, the emotional exhaustion affects women more than men. However, the findings in this study provide evidence of certain emotional factors related to the occurrence of emotional maladjustment and Burnout, which should be considered in future research on labor stress in professors.La Revista Publicaciones se edita en la Facultad y cuenta con los siguientes patrocinadores: Consejería de Educación, Juventud y Deportes (Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla) Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Transferencia de la Universidad de Granada Facultad de Educación y Humanidades de Melill

Contamination of the Conchos River in Mexico: Does It Pose a Health Risk to Local Residents?

Presently, water contamination issues are of great concern worldwide. Mexico has not escaped this environmental problem, which negatively affects aquifers, water bodies and biodiversity; but most of all, public health. The objective was to determine the level of water contamination in six tributaries of the Conchos River and to relate their levels to human health risks. Bimonthly samples were obtained from each location during 2005 and 2006. Physical-chemical variables (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Total solids and total nitrogen) as well as heavy metals (As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, V, Zn, and Li) were determined. The statistical analysis considered yearly, monthly, and location effects, and their interactions. Temperatures differed only as a function of the sampling month (P < 0.001) and the pH was different for years (P = 0.006), months (P < 0.001) and the interaction years x months (P = 0.018). The EC was different for each location (P < 0.001), total solids did not change and total nitrogen was different for years (P < 0.001), months (P < 0.001) and the interaction years x months (P < 0.001). The As concentration was different for months (P = 0.008) and the highest concentration was detected in February samples with 0.11 mg L−1. The Cr was different for months (P < 0.001) and the interaction years x months (P < 0.001), noting the highest value of 0.25 mg L−1. The Cu, Fe, Mn, Va and Zn were different for years, months, and their interaction. The highest value of Cu was 2.50 mg L−1; for Fe, it was 16.36 mg L−1; for Mn it was 1.66 mg L−1; V was 0.55 mg L−1; and Zn was 0.53 mg L−1. For Ni, there were differences for years (P = 0.030), months (P < 0.001), and locations (P = 0.050), with the highest Ni value being 0.47 mg L−1. The Li level was the same for sampling month (P < 0.001). This information can help prevent potential health risks in the communities established along the river watershed who use this natural resource for swimming and fishing. Some of the contaminant concentrations found varied from year to year, from month to month and from location to location which necessitated a continued monitoring process to determine under which conditions the concentrations of toxic elements surpass existing norms for natural waters

INRISCO: INcident monitoRing in Smart COmmunities

Major advances in information and communication technologies (ICTs) make citizens to be considered as sensors in motion. Carrying their mobile devices, moving in their connected vehicles or actively participating in social networks, citizens provide a wealth of information that, after properly processing, can support numerous applications for the benefit of the community. In the context of smart communities, the INRISCO [1] proposal intends for (i) the early detection of abnormal situations in cities (i.e., incidents), (ii) the analysis of whether, according to their impact, those incidents are really adverse for the community; and (iii) the automatic actuation by dissemination of appropriate information to citizens and authorities. Thus, INRISCO will identify and report on incidents in traffic (jam, accident) or public infrastructure (e.g., works, street cut), the occurrence of specific events that affect other citizens' life (e.g., demonstrations, concerts), or environmental problems (e.g., pollution, bad weather). It is of particular interest to this proposal the identification of incidents with a social and economic impact, which affects the quality of life of citizens.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Government through the projects INRISCO under Grant TEC2014-54335-C4-1-R, Grant TEC2014-54335-C4-2-R, Grant TEC2014-54335-C4-3-R, and Grant TEC2014-54335-C4-4-R, in part by the MAGOS under Grant TEC2017-84197-C4-1-R, Grant TEC2017-84197-C4-2-R, and Grant TEC2017-84197-C4-3-R, in part by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and in part by the Galician Regional Government under agreement for funding the Atlantic Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (AtlantTIC)

Zoonosis, cambio climático y sociedad

La sociedad contemporánea se enfrenta a uno de los retos más grandes de la historia humana, el calentamiento global, mismo que acarrea enormes consecuencias, tales como los disturbios climáticos, así como los patrones de las enfermedades de origen animal transmisibles al hombre. Precisamente ante este escenario las instituciones educativas de nivel superior deben dar cumplimiento a su responsabilidad y ser las generadoras de alternativas de solución mediante el trabajo especializado de investigación; y para ello, la pesquisa científica es la mejor de las alternativas a nuestro alcance para comprender y encarar estos desafíos.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México y Ediciones y Gráficos Eón, S.A. de C.V

An overall Water Quality Index (WQI) for a man-made aquatic reservoir in Mexico

A Water Quality Index (WQI) is a useful statistical tool for simplifying, reporting and interpreting complex information obtained from any body of water. A simple number given by any WQI model explains the level of water contamination. The objective was to develop a WQI for the water of the Luis L. Leon dam located in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico. Monthly water samples were obtained in 2009; January 10, February 12, March 8, May 20, June 10, July 9, August 12, September 10, October 11, November 15 and December 13. Ten sampling sites were randomly selected after dividing the study area using a geographic package. In each site, two samples at the top depth of 0.20 m and 1.0 m were obtained to quantify physical-chemical parameters. The following 11 parameters were considered to calculate the WQI; pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), color, turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, fluorides, chlorides, sulfates, Total Solids (TS) and phosphorous (P). The data analysis involved two steps; a single analysis for each parameter and the WQI calculation. The resulted WQI value classified the water quality according to the following ranges: <2.3 poor water; from 2.3 to 2.8 good water; and >2.8 excellent water. The results showed that the WQI values changed from low levels (WQI 2.8) most of the year and the variation was due to time of sampling generally rainy season

Confluence satellite image classification

A confluence is defined as a meeting point where two or more rivers merge to become the source for a new river. This river merge adjusts its geometric parameters depending of the characteristics of its confluent rivers, particularly wide and intersection angle. Based on this idea and supported by the availability of satellite images, in this paper we classificated 43 confluences located in Tabasco, Mexico. We considered the geometry (plan view) and the intersection angle as a key elements, and applied multivariate statistical analysys to did the clasification. Results shown three groups: I. Similarity between the width of the three rivers and intersection angle less than 80°; II. Similarity between the width of the three rivers and intersection angle between 80° and 160°; and group III. Similarity between the width of the main river (the largest confluence river) and the river merge, intersection angle less than 100°. Once this classification was done, next step is to do both hydraulic and sedimentological studies, to understand the integral behavior of the confluences and verify that the proposed classification, not only have geometrical similarities, but its hydraulic and sedimentological operation are also similar. Due to difficulty to study many confluences, the best way is to chosee the representative and analyze it. Here we proposed an alternative to do it, that can be useful for scientist, enginnerings and students interested in to study confluences