Discovery of a pair density wave state in a monolayer high-Tc iron-based superconductor

The pair density wave (PDW) is an extraordinary superconducting state where Cooper pairs carry nonzero momentum. It can emerge when the full condensation of zero momentum Cooper pairs is frustrated. Evidence for the existence of intrinsic PDW order in high-temperature (high-Tc) cuprate superconductors and kagome superconductors has emerged recently. However, the PDW order in iron-based high-Tc superconductors has not been observed experimentally. Here, using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, we report the discovery of the PDW state in monolayer iron-based high-Tc Fe(Te,Se) films grown on SrTiO3(001) substrates. The PDW state with a period of {\lambda}~3.6a_Fe (a_Fe is the distance between neighboring Fe atoms) is observed at the domain walls by the spatial electronic modulations of the local density of states, superconducting gap, and the {\pi}-phase shift boundaries of the PDW around the dislocations of the intertwined charge density wave order. The discovery of the PDW state in the monolayer Fe(Te,Se) film provides a low-dimensional platform to study the interplay between the correlated electronic states and unconventional Cooper pairing in high-Tc superconductors

Taxonomy based on science is necessary for global conservation

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Antibiotic prescription for children with acute respiratory tract infections in rural primary healthcare in Guangdong province, China: a cross-sectional study

Objectives The objective of this study is to understand the characteristics and patterns of the first antibiotic prescriptions for children with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in rural primary healthcare (PHC) in Guangdong province, China.Design Cross-sectional study.Setting and participants We used prescription data generated from the electronic medical record system of 37 township hospitals in two counties of Shaoguan City, Guangdong province. 46 699 first prescriptions for ARIs in children aged 0–18 years were screened from 444 979 outpatient prescriptions recorded between November 2017 and October 2018.Outcome measures Descriptive analyses were used to report sociodemographic characteristics and antibiotic prescribing profiles. χ2 analysis and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the factors associated with antibiotic prescriptions in children.Results Of the 46 699 sampled cases, 83.00% (n=38 759) received at least one antibiotic as part of their first prescription. Of the 38 759 sampled cases treated with antibiotics, 40.76% (n=15 799), 56.15% (n=21 762) and 31.59% (n=12 244) received parenteral antibiotics, broad-spectrum antibiotics and two or more kinds of antibiotics, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that children aged ≤5 years were less likely to be prescribed with antibiotics than those aged 16–18 years (OR 0.545, p<0.001). Those with health insurance were more likely to be prescribed with antibiotics than those without health insurance (OR 1.677, p<0.001).Conclusions Misuse and overuse of antibiotics were found in the prescriptions of children with ARIs in rural PHC. Antibiotic stewardship programme should be established to reduce the level of antibiotic prescriptions among children with ARIs in rural PHC, especially regarding the prescriptions of broad-spectrum antibiotics and parenteral antibiotics, tailored to different ages, sex and health insurance groups

Antibiotic Prescription Patterns for Acute Respiratory Infections in Rural Primary Healthcare Settings in Guangdong, China: Analysis of 162,742 Outpatient Prescriptions

Overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics are important contributors to bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR), especially in ambulatory primary healthcare (PHC) settings in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to investigate antibiotic prescription patterns among patients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in rural PHC facilities in the Guangdong Province, China. A total of 444,979 outpatient prescriptions were extracted from the electronic medical record system of 35 township health centers (THCs) and 2 community health centers (CHCs) between November 2017 and October 2018. We used the chi-square test to analyze the antibiotic prescription patterns and binary logistic regression to explore patient-related factors associated with antibiotic prescriptions. Of the 162,742 ARI prescriptions, 85.57% (n = 139,259) included at least one antibiotic. Among the 139,259 prescriptions with antibiotics, 37.82% (n = 52,666) included two or more antibiotics, 55.29% (n = 76,993) included parenteral antibiotics, and 56.62% (n = 78,852) included Watch group antibiotics. The binary logistic regression indicated that (1) female patients were slightly less likely to be prescribed antibiotics than males (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.954, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.928–0.981]; p = 0.001); and (2) compared to patients aged ≤5 years, those who were 6–15 years old (adjusted OR = 1.907, 95% CI [1.840–1.978]; p p 60 years old (adjusted OR = 1.915, 95% CI [1.810–2.026]; p < 0.001) were more likely to be prescribed antibiotics. The overuse and irrational use of antibiotics in PHC settings remain major healthcare challenges in rural Guangdong. Thus, it is imperative to implement targeted antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) policies to address this problem

Taxonomy based on science is necessary for global conservation

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