Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal a close evolutionary relationship between Podosphaera (Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae) and its rosaceous hosts

Podosphaera is a genus of the powdery mildew fungi belonging to the tribe Cystotheceae of the Erysiphaceae. Among the host plants of Podosphaera, 86 % of hosts of the section Podosphaera and 57 % hosts of the subsection Sphaerotheca belong to the Rosaceae. In order to reconstruct the phylogeny of Podosphaera and to determine evolutionary relationships between Podosphaera and its host plants, we used 152 ITS sequences and 69 28S rDNA sequences of Podosphaera for phylogenetic analyses. As a result, Podosphaera was divided into two large clades: clade 1, consisting of the section Podosphaera on Prunus (P. tridactyla s.l.) and subsection Magnicellulatae; and clade 2, composed of the remaining member of section Podosphaera and subsection Sphaerotheca. Because section Podosphaera takes a basal position in both clades, section Podosphaera may be ancestral in the genus Podosphaera, and the subsections Sphaerotheca and Magnicellulatae may have evolved from section Podosphaera independently. Podosphaera isolates from the respective subfamilies of Rosaceae each formed different groups in the trees, suggesting a close evolutionary relationship between Podosphaera spp. and their rosaceous hosts. However, tree topology comparison and molecular clock calibration did not support the possibility of co-speciation between Podosphaera and Rosaceae. Molecular phylogeny did not support species delimitation of P. aphanis, P. clandestina, P. ferruginea, P. spiraeae and P. tridactyla in their current circumscriptions, which suggests the need for revision of these species

Pelvic veins ultrasound changes after surgical correction in patients with pelvic congestion syndrome

Pelvic congestion syndrome is a form of varicose disease, which is considered to be one of the main causes of chronic pelvic pain in women, which is associated with a violation of pelvic veins hemodynamics. Pelvic venous disorders are invisible to clinicians due to the lack of pathognomonic symptoms and manual disease criteria, but it has significant consequences. Today, one of the main diagnostic methods of pelvic venous disorders is a transvaginal US of pelvic veins, including gonadal veins (ovarian veins in women). Thanks to this non-invasive and simple diagnostic method that does not require specific preparation and has no contraindications, we have significant opportunities in diagnosis, as well as in the further evaluation of the postoperative results of surgical correction of pelvic congestion syndrome. The aim of the study was to analyze changes of pelvic veins in patients with pelvic congestion syndrome before and after surgical intervention using the transvaginal US method. Materials and methods. The study included 35 patients which underwent surgical treatment using open surgery and endovascular procedure between April 2019 and February 2022 with pelvic congestion syndrome. All patients underwent transvaginal ultrasound of the pelvic veins before surgery. A control examination was performed after surgical treatment in 4–6 months. The examination was performed on an expert-class ultrasound system “Toshiba Aplio 500” using all international standards for transvaginal examination of pelvic veins to evaluate the changes of illiac, paraovarian, parametrial and ovarian veins from the left side and from the right side in patients with pelvic venous disorders. Conclusions. Transvaginal ultrasound of the pelvic veins can be considered one of the key diagnostic methods, with the help of which it is possible to investigate and evaluate hemodynamic disorders in the veins of the pelvis and pelvic organs in real time. Also, this method can be considered optimal for the control examination of patients who underwent surgical correction of pelvic congestion syndrome

Information technology for creating intelligent computer programs for training in algorithmic tasks. Part 1: mathematical foundations

The existing education system (in particular higher education) due to its focus on basic knowledge is quite inert and cannot satisfy the needs of the modern labor market, which is rapidly developing. Some professions transform or disappear, while the others appear almost every day. Today the employers need specialists with certain skills and abilities, who are able to develop them and adapt to specific projects. That is why short-term courses are very popular today, especially online and with a mentor — a specialist in a particular field. At the same time, graduates of such courses are mostly unable to solve complex problems and make competent decisions on their own. There is a requirement of creation of training programs for testing the development and implementation of tools for productive knowledge and skills transferring in a particular field. The article shows a possible approach to provide some interactivity to computer tutoring tools in addition to the game principle, information visualization and other techniques that have already proven themselves in information systems. It will give an opportunity to create a platform that can accumulate new technologies, integrating them into a digital tutoring environment that can be adapted to each student

Solving patients with rare diseases through programmatic reanalysis of genome-phenome data.

Funder: EC | EC Seventh Framework Programm | FP7 Health (FP7-HEALTH - Specific Programme "Cooperation": Health); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/100011272; Grant(s): 305444, 305444Funder: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003329Funder: Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002809Funder: EC | European Regional Development Fund (Europski Fond za Regionalni Razvoj); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100008530Funder: Instituto Nacional de Bioinformática ELIXIR Implementation Studies Centro de Excelencia Severo OchoaFunder: EC | EC Seventh Framework Programm | FP7 Health (FP7-HEALTH - Specific Programme "Cooperation": Health)Reanalysis of inconclusive exome/genome sequencing data increases the diagnosis yield of patients with rare diseases. However, the cost and efforts required for reanalysis prevent its routine implementation in research and clinical environments. The Solve-RD project aims to reveal the molecular causes underlying undiagnosed rare diseases. One of the goals is to implement innovative approaches to reanalyse the exomes and genomes from thousands of well-studied undiagnosed cases. The raw genomic data is submitted to Solve-RD through the RD-Connect Genome-Phenome Analysis Platform (GPAP) together with standardised phenotypic and pedigree data. We have developed a programmatic workflow to reanalyse genome-phenome data. It uses the RD-Connect GPAP's Application Programming Interface (API) and relies on the big-data technologies upon which the system is built. We have applied the workflow to prioritise rare known pathogenic variants from 4411 undiagnosed cases. The queries returned an average of 1.45 variants per case, which first were evaluated in bulk by a panel of disease experts and afterwards specifically by the submitter of each case. A total of 120 index cases (21.2% of prioritised cases, 2.7% of all exome/genome-negative samples) have already been solved, with others being under investigation. The implementation of solutions as the one described here provide the technical framework to enable periodic case-level data re-evaluation in clinical settings, as recommended by the American College of Medical Genetics

Analyzing an Error in the Synchronization of Hydraulic Motor Speed Under Transient Operating Conditions

A hydraulic drive with two hydraulic cylinders was considered in which the rod movement speeds are synchronized by a divider of the working fluid flow. Based on the developed mathematical model, operation of synchronized hydraulic cylinders in transient operating conditions with a sudden change of load on one of the hydraulic cylinders was calculated. Speeds of movement of the hydraulic cylinder rods and pressures in the inter-throttle chambers of the flow divider were determined. It was established that there were variations of pressure in the inter-chamber chambers of the flow divider in the transient conditions of operation of the drive caused by a sudden change of load on the hydraulic cylinders and, as a result, an error of synchronization of speed of movement of the cylinders rods appeared at the initial stage. Relative pressure differential in the inter-throttle chambers reached 1 and the relative difference of speeds of movement reached 0.43. To improve accuracy of synchronization of hydraulic motor movement, a flow divider was proposed with an additional feedback in the pressure differential in the inter-throttle chambers of the divider. The additional feedback was realized through the use of a double-slotted throttling distributor of the spool-valve type. Proceeding from the conditions of a minimum synchronization error, the necessary dependence of change of area of the working slot of the controlled throttles was determined and recommendations on profiling the working slots of the spool throttle were given.It was established by calculation and confirmed experimentally that the use of controlled throttles reduces the error of synchronization of speed of movement of the cylinder rods to 0.27 and the pressure differential in the inter-throttle chambers of the flow divider to 0.53.Harmonics of higher order occurred in a transient process for speed and pressure. They were caused by movement of the spool valve of the double-slot distributor.Presence of harmonics of higher order in variations of pressure and velocity did not significantly affect operation of hydraulic motors since amplitude of these variations was negligible.Reduction of the speed synchronization error is due to simultaneous change of area of the throttle which stabilizes pressure differential and the area of the controlled throttle

Розв’язання задачі доцільності впровадження пакетів сервісів за допомогою статистичної інформації

У статті запропонований підхід до розв’язання задачі формування пакетів сервісів в рамках платформи підтримки життєвого циклу сервісів в інформаційних системах провайдерів інформаційно-комунікаційних послуг. Описана проблема формування пакетів сервісів для користувачів сервісів провайдера, наведена формальна постановка задачі формування пакетів сервісів на основі використання статистичної інформації. Описаний метод розв’язання задачі формування пакетів сервісів і наведене його обґрунтування. Проведене експериментальне дослідження запропонованого методу розв’язання задачі формування пакетів сервісів. Бібл. 21, табл.

Аnatomical and physiological aspects of the cardiovascular system

Methodical recommendations for students in course «Anatomical and physiological aspects of the cardiovascular system» are developed in accordance with the current programs in physiology for students of medical faculties of universities. The manual is designed for students in preparation for the course «Anatomical and physiological aspects of the cardiovascular system». Each topic contains a list of practical skills and control questions. The topics are illustrated with drawings and diagrams that facilitate the perception of the material and promote its better assimilation. The materials allow students to form a correct understanding of the laws of the human body. For medical studentsHuman anatomy and Physiology is the science of structure of biological organisms and life processes, the activity of individual organs and a living organism. The subject of these two sciences are the parameters of the living organism, for physiology, these are the functions of the body, their relationships, regulation and adaptation to the environment, for anatomy, these are the morphological features of the individual as a whole and in the process of evolution during individual development. This discipline is designed to combine the existing knowledge of human anatomy and physiology, to give the highest understanding of the existence of biological matter, to form the foundation for medical tactics in the medical practice of a future doctor