Graphs with the strong Havel-Hakimi property

The Havel-Hakimi algorithm iteratively reduces the degree sequence of a graph to a list of zeroes. As shown by Favaron, Mah\'eo, and Sacl\'e, the number of zeroes produced, known as the residue, is a lower bound on the independence number of the graph. We say that a graph has the strong Havel-Hakimi property if in each of its induced subgraphs, deleting any vertex of maximum degree reduces the degree sequence in the same way that the Havel-Hakimi algorithm does. We characterize graphs having this property (which include all threshold and matrogenic graphs) in terms of minimal forbidden induced subgraphs. We further show that for these graphs the residue equals the independence number, and a natural greedy algorithm always produces a maximum independent set.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

\u3ci\u3eCitizen Havel\u3c/i\u3e and the Construction of Czech Presidentiality

Václav Havel had two eventful terms as the first democratic president of the Czech Republic. The documentary Citizen Havel is one rhetorical artifact that captures the way a new democracy and its attendant executive power is constructed consciously in real time in a political culture where such a tradition has largely not existed. Culled from ten years of fly-on-the-wall-style footage, Citizen Havel captures the tensions between the constitutional expectations of the Czech presidency and Havel\u27s own extraconstitutional interpretations of executive power. Ultimately, this essay argues that Citizen Havel is one influential representation of how Czech “presidentiality” during the post-communist transition was built from the inventional resources of a range of rhetorical and historical materials, such as the Czechoslovakian interwar period, the long influence of totalitarianism and the dissident culture that challenged it, the examples of “Western” presidential rhetoric, and even European monarchical traditions

Havelian Presidency: A Study in Theory & Practice

Despite former dissident and Czech president Václav Havel?s widespread influence, his presidency has not been seriously considered as a framework for how one should head a government. Havel is known for and evaluated most in terms of his sweeping moral principles and philosophical treatises, but I wish to know whether his presidency passes the test that he provides so clearly in his written works and speeches. Specifically, I will examine how Havel?s philosophical ideas translate to his political acts as president. I will select one international, one domestic, and one economic policy that Havel actively advocated for and instituted, and which prima facie appears to contradict his political philosophy. I will then examine these policies through the lens of his prior-written plays and philosophical treatises to determine whether his political theory works in practice, whether his actions can be justified in the terms of his theory, and whether it constitutes a viable method of governing. Essentially, it will be a study in theory and practice. My lens is rather narrow as I will be looking at specific presidential acts of Havel?s and how they relate to his worldview. In doing these things, I hope to ascertain the practical manifestations of and/or inconsistencies in Havel?s conception of a good president. The end result of my thesis will either confirm scholarly suspicions of Havel?s presidential mediocrity, or prove the opposite and thereby serve as an externally applicable framework for morally and politically sound action

Transformational Leadership: A Case Study of Vaclav Havel

The focus of this political-historical case study is based on the leadership style of Vaclav Havel, the current president of the Czech Republic. The writer, playwright, prisoner and dissident led the peaceful overthrow of the Communist government in Czechoslovakia in 1989, and was the country\u27s first democratically elected president in over fifty years. The premise of this case study has two parts.The first part identifies the leadership characteristics and qualities demonstrated by Vaclav Havel. Part two consists of evaluating Havel\u27s leadership style with contemporary theories of leadership. This study will show that Havel exhibits a transformational leadership style demonstrated by his ability to inspire and motivate higher levels of moral and ethical behavior in others, which has a transforming effect on them. The study will also contend that Havel exhibits characteristics and qualities of servant-leadership and critical theory leadership models, which is demonstrated by his commitment to challenging the status quo and furthering the cause of others through facilitating social change

Václav Havel: Non-political Politician

The article presents the political and intellectual silhouette of Václav Havel (1936–2011) – the last president of Czechoslovakia and the first one of the Czech Republic. Havel, the next to the Pole Lech Wałęsa, is the world renown symbol of the political turning point of 1989 that ended the world communist system. Before 1989, during the communist age, Havel was a dramatist, essayist and leader of Czechoslovak anticommunist and democratic dissident movement. He was strongly persecuted by the ruling communists, and while living under a permanent supervision of the security services and he was many times arrested. In 1989 Havel became a president of democratic Czechoslovakia and after dissolving of this state, in 1993, he was elected as a the first president of the new Czech Republic, holding the office by 10 following years. Havel was very untypical politician and president. He has played rather the role of an intellectual for whom politics is a matter of changing reality not by political decisions, but as a result of impact the on world by ideas and views. To follow Thomas Garrigue Masaryk example, the founder and first head of Czechoslovak state, clearly admired by Havel, he has tried to conduct of non-political politics. In this model politics becomes a practical applying of ethics and most important within it is not a power or state procedures and mechanisms, but men’s good and faithfulness to the truth. Václav Havel went down in the history as one of the greatest political figures of the second half of the last century.The article presents the political and intellectual silhouette of Václav Havel (1936–2011) – the last president of Czechoslovakia and the first one of the Czech Republic. Havel, the next to the Pole Lech Wałęsa, is the world renown symbol of the political turning point of 1989 that ended the world communist system. Before 1989, during the communist age, Havel was a dramatist, essayist and leader of Czechoslovak anticommunist and democratic dissident movement. He was strongly persecuted by the ruling communists, and while living under a permanent supervision of the security services and he was many times arrested. In 1989 Havel became a president of democratic Czechoslovakia and after dissolving of this state, in 1993, he was elected as a the first president of the new Czech Republic, holding the office by 10 following years. Havel was very untypical politician and president. He has played rather the role of an intellectual for whom politics is a matter of changing reality not by political decisions, but as a result of impact the on world by ideas and views. To follow Thomas Garrigue Masaryk example, the founder and first head of Czechoslovak state, clearlyadmired by Havel, he has tried to conduct of non-political politics. In this model politics becomes a practical applying of ethics and most important within it is not a power or state procedures and mechanisms, but men’s good and faithfulness to the truth. Václav Havel went down in the history as one of the greatest political figures of the second half of the last century

Procedures for Converting among Lindblad, Kraus and Matrix Representations of Quantum Dynamical Semigroups

Given an quantum dynamical semigroup expressed as an exponential superoperator acting on a space of N-dimensional density operators, eigenvalue methods are presented by which canonical Kraus and Lindblad operator sum representations can be computed. These methods provide a mathematical basis on which to develop novel algorithms for quantum process tomography, the statistical estimation of superoperators and their generators, from a wide variety of experimental data. Theoretical arguments and numerical simulations are presented which imply that these algorithms will be quite robust in the presence of random errors in the data.Comment: RevTeX4, 31 pages, no figures; v4 adds new introduction and a numerical example illustrating the application of these results to Quantum Process Tomograph

Václav Havel: Absurd Tragedian. A study into the influence of tragedy and absurdism on Václav Havel’s plays from 1963-1989

This dissertation is a study of modern classical reception which explores the ways in which playwright and politician Václav Havel has interpreted and reinterpreted classical tragedy. I examine the way in which a relatively modern playwright applies classical ideas of tragedy to their work, whilst also using this knowledge to reinterpret classical tragedy for a modern world and audience. I address the gaps in Czech classical reception studies by Being the first classical reception dissertation to focus entirely on Václav Havel. Furthermore, I illustrate how the Theatre of the Absurd can be seen as the modern theatre genre most similar to classical tragedy, in terms of its approach and ideas. For each individual play of Havel’s, I have identified a particular theme present as either, or both, tragic and Absurd drama and then demonstrated how Havel uses them. This helps to recognise, on a base level, the similarities and differences between both genres of theatre, and identifies Havel as an “absurd tragedian”

A simple Havel-Hakimi type algorithm to realize graphical degree sequences of directed graphs

One of the simplest ways to decide whether a given finite sequence of positive integers can arise as the degree sequence of a simple graph is the greedy algorithm of Havel and Hakimi. This note extends their approach to directed graphs. It also studies cases of some simple forbidden edge-sets. Finally, it proves a result which is useful to design an MCMC algorithm to find random realizations of prescribed directed degree sequences.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure submitted to "The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics

Shining Light on Hidden Preferences: The Role of Religious Institutions in the 1989 Romanian Revolution

A spectre is haunting Eastern Europe: the spectre of what in the West is called \u27dissent.\u27 This is how Vaclav Havel, the Czech playwright, dissident, and President, began his influential 1978 essay, The Power of the Powerless. Havel\u27s statement of dissent in Eastern Europe was certainly true in his country of Czechoslovakia, as well as in countries such as Poland and Hungary. The presence of sustained and organized dissent was largely absent, however, in Romania. Even in countries with the presence of popular and consistent dissent, the collapse of the communist regime was still shocking in both scope and speed. As Gaddis suggests, the failure to conceive of and subsequent shock of the collapse of communism was true in academics as well as in government and the media.1 The unexpected collapse of communism in countries such as Poland and Czechoslovakia with dissident movements as prominent as Solidarity and Charter 77 makes the collapse of the Ceausescu regime even more shocking. Small protests in Timisoara, on December 15, 1989, ultimately culminated with the execution of Ceausescu and his wife on December 25 that year. The speed and beginnings of the collapse of Romanian Communism are still puzzling to this day