371 research outputs found
Incorporation of a sequential BMP-2/BMP-7 delivery system into chitosan-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
The aim of this study was to develop a 3-D construct carrying an inherent sequential growth factor
delivery system. Poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanocapsules loaded with bone morphogenetic
protein BMP-2 and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanocapsules loaded with
BMP-7 made the early release of BMP-2 and longer term release of BMP-7 possible. 3-D fiber mesh
scaffolds were prepared from chitosan and from chitosanβPEO by wet spinning. Chitosan of 4%
concentration in 2% acetic acid (CHI4βHAc2) and chitosan (4%) and PEO (2%) in 5% acetic acid (CHI4β
PEO2βHAc5) yielded scaffolds with smooth and rough fiber surfaces, respectively. These scaffolds were
seeded with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). When there were no nanoparticles the
initial differentiation rate was higher on (CHI4βHAc2) scaffolds but by three weeks both the scaffolds had
similar alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. The cell numbers were also comparable by the end of the third
week. Incorporation of nanoparticles into the scaffolds was achieved by two different methods: incorporation
within the scaffold fibers (NPβIN) and on the fibers (NPβON). It was shown that incorporation
on the CHI4βHAc2 fibers (NPβON) prevented the burst release observed with the free nanoparticles, but
this did not influence the total amount released in 25 days. However NPβIN for the same fibers revealed
a much slower rate of release; ca. 70% released at the end of incubation period. The effect of single,
simultaneous and sequential delivery of BMP-2 and BMP-7 from the CHI4βHAc2 scaffolds was studied in
vitro using samples prepared with both incorporation methods. The effect of delivered agents was higher
with the NPβON samples. Delivery of BMP-2 alone suppressed cell proliferation while providing higher
ALP activity compared to BMP-7. Simultaneous delivery was not particularly effective on cell numbers
and ALP activity. The sequential delivery of BMP-2 and BMP-7, on the other hand, led to the highest ALP
activity per cell (while suppressing proliferation) indicating the synergistic effect of using both growth
factors holds promise for the production of tissue engineered bone.This project was conducted within the scope of the EU FP6 NoE Project Expertissues (NMP3-CT-2004-500283). We acknowledge the support to PY through the same project in the form of an integrated PhD grant. We also would like to acknowledge the support from Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) through project METUNANOBIOMAT (TBAG 105T508)
3D plotted PCL scaffolds for stem cell based bone tissue engineering
The ability to control the architecture and strength of a bone tissue
engineering scaffold is critical to achieve a harmony between the scaffold and the
host tissue. Rapid prototyping (RP) technique is applied to tissue engineering to
satisfy this need and to create a scaffold directly from the scanned and digitized
image of the defect site. Design and construction of complex structures with
different shapes and sizes, at micro and macro scale, with fully interconnected pore
structure and appropriate mechanical properties are possible by using RP techniques.
In this study, RP was used for the production of poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds.
Scaffolds with four different architectures were produced by using different configurations
of the fibers (basic, basic-offset, crossed and crossed-offset) within the
architecture of the scaffold. The structure of the prepared scaffolds were examined by
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), porosity and its distribution were analyzed by
micro-computed tomography (m-CT), stiffness and modulus values were determined
by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It was observed that the scaffolds had very
ordered structures with mean porosities about 60%, and having storage modulus
values about 1!107 Pa. These structures were then seeded with rat bone marrow
origin mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in order to investigate the effect of scaffold
structure on the cell behavior; the proliferation and differentiation of the cells on
the scaffolds were studied. It was observed that cell proliferation was higher on offset
scaffolds (262000 vs 235000 for basic, 287000 vs 222000 for crossed structure) and
stainings for actin filaments of the cells reveal successful attachment and spreading
at the surfaces of the fibers. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity results were higher
for the samples with lower cell proliferation, as expected. Highest MSC differentiation
was observed for crossed scaffolds indicating the influence of scaffold structure on
cellular activities
Nano/microparticle incorporated chitosan fibers as tissue engineering scaffolds
[Excerpt] The aim of this study was to develop a bone tissue engineering scaffold with an inherent bone morphogenetic proteins BMP-2 and BMP-7 sequential delivery system. BMPs were encapsulated
in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nano/microparticules which are then introduced to a chitosan matrix by two methods:
embedding in the chitosan fibers and then forming the scaffold or by forming the chitosan scaffold and then introducing the nano/microparticules. [...]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Effect of scaffold architecture and BMP-2/BMP-7 delivery on in vitro bone regeneration
The aim of this study was to develop 3-D tissue engineered constructs that mimic the in vivo conditions through a self-contained growth factor delivery system. A set of nanoparticles providing the release of BMP-2 initially followed by the release of BMP-7 were incorporated in poly(Ξ΅-caprolactone) scaffolds with different 3-D architectures produced by 3-D plotting and wet spinning. The release patterns were: each growth factor alone, simultaneous, and sequential. The orientation of the fibers did not have a significant effect on the kinetics of release of the model protein BSA; but affected proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell proliferation on random scaffolds was significantly higher compared to the oriented ones. Delivery of BMP-2 alone suppressed MSC proliferation and increased the ALP activity to a higher level than that with BMP-7 delivery. Proliferation rate was suppressed the most by the sequential delivery of the two growth factors from the random scaffold on which the ALP activity was the highest. Results indicated the distinct effect of scaffold architecture and the mode of growth factor delivery on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, enabling us to design multifunctional scaffolds capable of controlling bone healing.This project was conducted within the scope of the EU FP6 NoE Project Expertissues (NMP3-CT-2004-500283). We acknowledge the support to PY through the same project in the form of an integrated PhD grant. We also would like to acknowledge the support from Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) through project METUNANOBIOMAT (TBAG 105T508)
Factors Affecting Studentsβ English Proficiency in a Turkish EMI University: A Phenomenological Study
This paper reports on an investigation of Turkish English-medium university studentsβ perceptions of the change in their language ability and the factors affecting this change. Results revealed that 1) when students are highly exposed to English and are expected to use it productively for their studies, they perceive that there is greater development in their language skills and abilities 2) students think that corrective feedback plays a crucial role in helping them focus their attention on the form 3) speaking is perceived to be the weakest and the least improved skill over the years. These findings suggest insightful implications for English-medium universities in Turkey and all around the world
Single Tree Vegetation Depth Estimation Tool for Satellite Services Link Design
Attenuation caused by tree shadowing is an important factor for describing the propagation channel of satellite services. Thus, vegetation effects should be determined by experimental studies or empirical formulations. In this study, tree types in the Black Sea Region of Turkey are classified based on their geometrical shapes into four groups such as conic, ellipsoid, spherical and hemispherical. The variations of the vegetation depth according to different tree shapes are calculated with ray tracing method. It is showed that different geometrical shapes have different vegetation depths even if they have same foliage volume for different elevation angles. The proposed method is validated with the related literature in terms of average single tree attenuation. On the other hand, due to decrease system requirements (speed, memory usage etc.) of ray tracing method, an artificial neural network is proposed as an alternative. A graphical user interface is created for the above processes in MATLAB environment named vegetation depth estimation tool (VdET)
Biodegradable Hard Tissue Implants
Aging population and decreased physical activity due to increased life standards are two prevalent
and inevitable factors that cause decrease in bone mineral mass, bone quantity, and muscle strength
in the population. These consequences increase the incidence of bone fracture throughout the life
of individuals. Although the bone has a great regenerative capacity compared to most other tissues
or organs in the body, a proper healing of the bone requires appropriate alignment and fixation of
fractured fragments throughout the process. There are different techniques and tools to provide bone
substitutes with those properties. Most of the available fixation tools are made from non-eroding
metals due to their inherent stiffness and toughness, the properties necessitated by the load bearing
function of the skeletal system. Ideally, however, an implant should be temporary and be eliminated
from the body as soon as its function is no longer necessary due to potential risks like late stage
infection, bone resorption or immune reactions. For bone implants, due to the need for stabilization of
fixation devices to the surrounding bone using screws or nails, removal operations may cause severe
morbidity to the newly repaired fracture site. Another equally important problem with use of metal
fixation devices is their superior mechanical properties that outweigh those of bone, lead the newly
forming bone tissue not to be subjected to mechanical stimulation, which is a necessary requirement
for bone forming machinery. Considering these problems, different biodegradable or bioerodible
materials were suggested to be used in the production of temporary bone fracture fixation devices.
This paper reviews the developments and trends in the field of biodegradable hard tissue implants,
available materials, and their suitability to the host bone tissue.Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠΊ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ
ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ, ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π°
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ. Π₯ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ
Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ - ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ
Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ². ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Ρ.Π΅.
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΡ.
Π ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»Π΅, ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅
Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ
ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ-Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡ
, ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ
ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ,
Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ³Π°Ρ,
Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ,
ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π» ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»,
ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ. ΠΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ² Π²
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ
ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΡ
Hidden dimensions of creativity elements in design process
The aim of the study was to determine the items that can be evaluated as the components of creativity in design process. Factor analysis was applied to determine how well the items corresponded with the explored creativity characteristics. An overall component analysis was conducted to achieve a holistic approach to creative design process. It is found that the primary dimension responsible of 46% of the total variance is only composed of product components. The second dimension responsible of 19.54%, and the third dimension responsible of 14.46% of the total variance are both composed of the interaction of person and process components. Therefore, it can be concluded that the product is the strongest factor in determining creativity in design process. Β© Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
A high throughput approach for analysis of cell nuclear deformability at single cell level
Various physiological and pathological processes, such as cell differentiation, migration, attachment, and metastasis are highly dependent on nuclear elasticity. Nuclear morphology directly reflects the elasticity of the nucleus. We propose that quantification of changes in nuclear morphology on surfaces with defined topography will enable us to assess nuclear elasticity and deformability. Here, we used soft lithography techniques to produce 3 dimensional (3-D) cell culture substrates decorated with micron sized pillar structures of variable aspect ratios and dimensions to induce changes in cellular and nuclear morphology. We developed a high content image analysis algorithm to quantify changes in nuclear morphology at the single-cell level in response to physical cues from the 3-D culture substrate. We present that nuclear stiffness can be used as a physical parameter to evaluate cancer cells based on their lineage and in comparison to non-cancerous cells originating from the same tissue type. This methodology can be exploited for systematic study of mechanical characteristics of large cell populations complementing conventional tools such as atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation
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