Pendapatan dan Kerentanan Petani Kopi Robusta di Sekitar Kawasan Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan

Kopi robusta merupakan komoditas perkebunan yang memiliki potensi tinggi mengingat trend konsumsi dan produksi yang besar di beberapa provinsi di Indonesia salah satunya Provinsi Lampung, namun peningkatan produksi tersebut berdampak pada penggunaan lahan di kawasan hutan Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan Nasional (TNBBS) untuk kegiatan pertanian kopi, terlebih lagi pandemi yang melanda dunia membuat tantangan baru dalam bisnis pertanian kopi ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan membandingkan tingkat pendapatan usaha tani kopi dan kerentanan keluarga petani kopi disebabkan pandemi Covid-19 di sekitar TNBBS, baik di dalam maupun di luar TNBBS. Analisis data menggunakan analisis pendapatan usaha tani dan analisis indeks kerentanan mata pencaharian (LVI). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan petani di kawasan TNBBS lebih kecil yaitu Rp. 9.833.453,57 sedangkan di luar kawasan TNBBS sebesar Rp. 12.571.781,31, rasio R/C juga menunjukkan bahwa bertani di luar daerah adalah yang paling menguntungkan. Perbedaan jarak lahan petani dalam kawasan dan luar kawasan memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap perbedaan jumlah ini. Kerentanan keluarga petani di dalam TNBBS dan di luar TNBBS tergolong rendah hingga sedang baik dalam perhitungan LVI maupun LVI yang mempertimbangkan definisi IPCC. Strategi mata pencaharian dan jaringan sosial yang tidak memadai di beberapa rumah tangga petani berkontribusi pada angka LVI yang dihasilkan dari analisis.Coffee, the prominent plantation commodity in Indonesia, exhibits significant potential due to its substantial consumption and production trends. Alongside tea and spices (HS code 09), coffee accounted for 41.5 percent of Indonesia's total agricultural exports between 2016 and 2020. South Sumatra, Lampung, Aceh, and East Java serve as the primary coffee production regions in the country. However, this burgeoning industry has led to adverse effects on land conversion, particularly in Lampung province, where 60 percent of the forest area in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (TNBBS) has been converted for agricultural purposes, with 73 percent being utilized for Robusta coffee fields. Despite the promising outlook, the Covid-19 pandemic introduced new challenges to the coffee farming sector. This study aims to analyze and compare the income levels and vulnerability of coffee farming families inside and outside the TNBBS area during the pandemic. Primary data were collected through direct interviews, utilizing a non-probability sampling quota sampling method. The analysis includes farm income assessment with evaluation of poverty levels among farmer households and livelihood vulnerability index. Results indicate that coffee farmers outside the TNBBS area experience higher income and profits compared to their counterparts within TNBBS. Additionally, the poverty rate is higher for farmers within the TNBBS area. Vulnerability analysis reveals a medium-scale vulnerability level for farming families in both regions, emphasizing the necessity for targeted support to enhance their resilience

Islamic Defending Action And Fatwa Defenders Movement Indonesian Ulema Council

TThe purpose of this study is to photograph the background of the birth of the National Movement for Defending Fatwa (GNPF) MUI and the methods used by the GNPF activist figures. By using social movement analysis and qualitative methods, this study successfully concluded that the GNPF-MUI and ABI are a consequence of the events and movements of group movements that occurred within the MUI, especially after the New Order. The existence of GNPF and ABI stems from the accommodating Islamist-puritan-conservative groups and tends to be revolutionary in the management of the 2015-2020 MUI. The strategy used by the GNPF actors was carried out by asking for support from revolutionary groups such as FPI to mobilize the period so that their actions receive sociological legitimacy from the Indonesian Muslim communit

Improvement of Food Industry Business Continuity in Sulawesi through Islamic Business Approach

Since 2012-2016 there are 124 units of food industry business unable to maintain its business survival (Department of Industry and Trade of Southeast Sulawesi Province, 2017). Besides, has not been applied consistently Islamic business morals. This study aims to know and analyze: (1) The influence of business morals on business performance, (2) Implications of business performance against business continuity, (3) Effect of government policy of Southeast Sulawesi Province in strengthening the influence of business morals on business performance. The method used in the achievement of the objective is the survey method that is to conduct field visits to the food industry as the respondents of the research of 150 business actors distributed in Kendari City as many as 86 business units and the City of Bau-Bau as many as 64 business units. Data collection using questionnaires and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques use (1) descriptive statistics,(2) quantitative analysis with professional PLS Smart program aids. The study concluded that (1) Islamic business morals can improve the performance of the food industry business but exemplary and consistency in business has not been maximized by business actors, (2) Good business performance has positive implications for improving business continuity from economic aspect, social, environmental and fiscal aspect. However, the growth of capital, profit and labor has not been optimal in business actors, (3) The Provincial Government of Southeast Sulawesi can take over the congregational prayer in the mosque or at work through regulation to strengthen the improvement of business actor business, besides maximizing the expansion of business base with mediation to syariah financial institutions and providing technical training programmed food production and free sustainable for business actor. Keywords: morals Islamic business, goverment support, business performance, business continuity

Combining deep and handcrafted image features for MRI brain scan classification

Progresses in the areas of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and medical imaging technologies have allowed the development of the medical image processing field with some astonishing results in the last two decades. These innovations enabled the clinicians to view the human body in high-resolution or three-dimensional cross-sectional slices, which resulted in an increase in the accuracy of the diagnosis and the examination of patients in a non-invasive manner. The fundamental step for MRI brain scans classifiers is their ability to extract meaningful features. As a result, many works have proposed different methods for features extraction to classify the abnormal growths in brain MRI scans. More recently, the application of deep learning algorithms to medical imaging lead to impressive performance enhancements in classifying and diagnosing complicated pathologies such as brain tumors. In this study, a deep learning feature extraction algorithm is proposed to extract the relevant features from MRI brain scans. In parallel, handcrafted features are extracted using the modified grey level co-occurrence matrix (MGLCM) method. Subsequently, the extracted relevant features are combined with handcrafted features to improve the classification process of MRI brain scans with SVM used as the classifier. The obtained results proved that the combination of the deep learning approach and the handcrafted features extracted by MGLCM improves the accuracy of classification of the SVM classifier up to 99.30%

TESTING ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF N-HEXANE BANANA PEEL (Musa paradisiaca L.) EXTRACT WITH DPPH METHOD

               Seiring kemajuan zaman, antioksidan sebagai penangkal radikal bebas semakin banyak diteliti. Salah satu sumber pangan yang pantas diteliti ialah kulit pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca L.). Pisang kepok adalah buah yang sangat sering dikonsumsi di Indonesia, dan merupakan pisang yang paling banyak diolah menjadi produk makanan lain, namun kulitnya dianggap sebagai limbah. Tujuan dari penelitian eksperimental ini ialah mengidentifikasi keberadaan senyawa fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan dari kulit pisang kepok menggunakan pelarut n-Heksana. Sampel yang digunakan adalah dalam konsentrasi 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm, dan 500 ppm. Metode ekstraksi dilakukan dengan maserasi menggunakan 2 liter n-Heksana 96% untuk mendapatkan maserat yang kemudian diuapkan di suhu 60-70°C didalam rotary evaporator sampai didapatkan ekstrak yang kental. Pengujian meliputi skrining fitokimia dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode pemerangkapan radikal bebas 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Hasil penelitian uji skrining fitokimia ditemukan metabolit sekunder glikosida, serta hasil pengukuran aktivitas peredaman DPPH ditemukan nilai IC50 sebesar 1892,87 ppm yaitu tidak memenuhi syarat sebagai antioksidan. Maka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kulit pisang kepok memiliki aktifitas antioksidan yang sangat lemah. Kata kunci: Antioksidan; Kulit pisang kepok; n-Heksana Abstract In these modern days, antioxidant is constantly studied for its ability to combat free radicals. One possible source of it is banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) peel. Banana is very widely consumed in Indonesia, and is very commonly processed into other food products, meanwhile the peel is regarded as waste. This experimental study objective is to identify the presence of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity from banana peel, using n-Hexane as the extraction solvent. Sample used are in concentration of 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm, and 500 ppm. Extraction is done with maceration using 2 liters of 96% n-Hexane to produce macerate which is then heated to 60-70°C in a rotary evaporator until a thick extract is formed. Analysis include screening for phytochemicals and testing of antioxidant activity using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. Study results show presence of the secondary metabolite glycoside, and from the DPPH scavenging activity, IC50 of banana peel is 1892.87 ppm, which is not regarded to have antioxidant property. Therefore, banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) peel is considered to have very weak antioxidant activity.

Improving The Critical Thinking Ability of Students to Solve Mathematical Task

This study aims to describe students' critical thinking skills before and after the learning process. Analysis of critical thinking skills in this study based on components of critical thinking evaluation, inferences, explanations, and self-regulation. This type of research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The research subject consisted of 2 students with low critical thinking abilities based on task 1 given at the beginning of learning, besides that good communication was also one of the subject selection criteria. The results of the analysis showed that both research subjects SS and FT experienced an increase in their critical thinking abilities, this was evident from each indicator critical thinking evaluation, inferences, explanation, and self-regulation. In each indicator of critical thinking, the research subject is able to demonstrate the ability to do evaluation, inferences, explanation, and self-regulation, this is certainly very different from the initial conditions of research subjects where they have not been able to do evaluations, inferences, explanation well. One of the things that allows an increase in critical thinking skills is the subject of teaching and learning activities, namely by giving task that require students to practice their critical thinking skills

Combining the high-dose/refuge strategy and self-limiting transgenic insects in resistance management - a test in experimental mesocosms

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this record.The high-dose/refuge strategy has been the primary approach for resistance management in transgenic crops engineered with Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. However, there are continuing pressures from growers to reduce the size of Bt toxin-free refugia, which typically suffer higher damage from pests. One complementary approach is to release male transgenic insects with a female-specific self-limiting gene. This technology can reduce population sizes and slow the evolution of resistance by introgressing susceptible genes through males. Theory predicts that it could be used to facilitate smaller refugia or reverse the evolution of resistance. In this study, we used experimental evolution with caged insect populations to investigate the compatibility of the self-limiting system and the high-dose/refuge strategy in mitigating the evolution of resistance in diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. The benefits of the self-limiting system were clearer at smaller refuge size, particularly when refugia were inadequate to prevent the evolution of resistance. We found that transgenic males in caged mesocosms could suppress population size and delay resistance development with 10% refugia and 4% - 15% initial resistance allele frequency. Fitness costs in hemizygous transgenic insects are particularly important for introgressing susceptible alleles into target populations. Fitness costs of the self-limiting gene in this study (P. xylostella OX4139 line L) were incompletely dominant, and reduced fecundity and male mating competitiveness. The experimental evolution approach used here illustrates some of the benefits and pitfalls of combining mass-release of self-limiting insects and the high dose/refuge strategy, but does indicate that they can be complementary.This work was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [grant numbers BB/L00948X/1 to MBB and NA, and BB/L00819X/1&2 to BR]

Recent Developments of Carboxymethyl Cellulose.

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is one of the most promising cellulose derivatives. Due to its characteristic surface properties, mechanical strength, tunable hydrophilicity, viscous properties, availability and abundance of raw materials, low-cost synthesis process, and likewise many contrasting aspects, it is now widely used in various advanced application fields, for example, food, paper, textile, and pharmaceutical industries, biomedical engineering, wastewater treatment, energy production, and storage energy production, and storage and so on. Many research articles have been reported on CMC, depending on their sources and application fields. Thus, a comprehensive and well-organized review is in great demand that can provide an up-to-date and in-depth review on CMC. Herein, this review aims to provide compact information of the synthesis to the advanced applications of this material in various fields. Finally, this article covers the insights of future CMC research that could guide researchers working in this prominent field

Circadian period and the timing of melatonin onset in men and women: Predictors of sleep during the weekend and in the laboratory

Sleep complaints and irregular sleep patterns, such as curtailed sleep during workdays and longer and later sleep during weekends, are common. It is often implied that differences in circadian period and in entrained phase contribute to these patterns, but few data are available. We assessed parameters of the circadian rhythm of melatonin at baseline and in a forced desynchrony protocol in 35 participants (18 women) with no sleep disorders. Circadian period varied between 23 h 50 min and 24 h 31 min, and correlated positively (n = 31, rs = 0.43, P = 0.017) with the timing of the melatonin rhythm relative to habitual bedtime. The phase of the melatonin rhythm correlated with the Insomnia Severity Index (n = 35, rs = 0.47, P = 0.004). Self-reported time in bed during free days also correlated with the timing of the melatonin rhythm (n = 35, rs = 0.43, P = 0.01) as well as with the circadian period (n = 31, rs = 0.47, P = 0.007), such that individuals with a more delayed melatonin rhythm or a longer circadian period reported longer sleep during the weekend. The increase in time in bed during the free days correlated positively with circadian period (n = 31, rs = 0.54, P = 0.002). Polysomnographically assessed latency to persistent sleep (n = 34, rs = 0.48, P = 0.004) correlated with the timing of the melatonin rhythm when participants were sleeping at their habitual bedtimes in the laboratory. This correlation was significantly stronger in women than in men (Z = 2.38, P = 0.017). The findings show that individual differences in circadian period and phase of the melatonin rhythm associate with differences in sleep, and suggest that individuals with a long circadian period may be at risk of developing sleep problems