Rebuilding the Wall between Church and State: Public Sponsorship of Religious Displays under the Federal and California Constitutions

In the landmark decision of Lynch v. Donnelly, the United States Supreme Court upheld the maintenance of a Nativity scene on land owned by a nonprofit corporation with public funds from the city of Pawtucket, Rhode Island. This Note argues that the Court\u27s decision in Lynch represents a radical departure from traditional establishment clause analysis and undermines the continuing separation of church and state under federal law. This Note observes that, in contrast to the federal Constitution, many state constitutions contain explicit prohibitions on government activities that aid religion. California courts have interpreted the California Constitution to prohibit a variety of government activities aiding religion that are permissible under current interpretations of the federal Constitution. This Note demonstrates that these recent interpretations of the California Constitution provide strong guarantees against state sponsorship of religious displays. The Note suggests that the broad protection against government aid to religion afforded by the California Constitution should serve as a model for other states in the interpretation of their related constitutional provisions

Urban sound planning in Brighton and Hove

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Redesign for sustainable manufacturing

Sustainable manufacturing is becoming increasingly common and necessary among the different manufacturing industries around the world. It is essential to aim resources at improving the environmental, social and economic issues of manufacturing; if we, as a society, want to achieve a sustainable development. In this thesis project, two cast aluminium components are analysed throughout their product life cycle in order to know which life cycle stages should be targeted so as to improve their overall level of sustainability. These components belong to a product created by Vitsœ, a leading company in the furniture industry. The CES Edu Pack software has been used to conduct life cycle assessments and try to solve the challenge of finding the dominant life cycle phase. During the project, it has been discovered that the material life cycle phase is responsible for nearly 90% of the total energy consumption and CO2 emissions of the products life, so the next step in the project is finding ways to improve this life cycle phase’s sustainability. Relate to this issue, another big challenge in this project is finding ways to reduce the high embodied energy and CO2 emissions that come along with the aluminium industry. Consequently, in the project’s discussion and conclusion, different suggestions such as using new manufacturing systems like Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing, redesigning the product, changing the product’s material or evaluating how recycled material affects the product life cycle, are analysed and presented; finding that these suggestions can be good strategies to follow.Outgoin

Processes underlying the nutritional programming of embryonic development by iron deficiency in the rat

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