Is it possible for a Procellariiform to raise two chicks? A case of chick adoption in Southern Giant petrels Macronectes giganteus in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

We report on the adoption of a Southern Giant Petrel Macronectes giganteus chick by a breeding pair on 25 de Mayo Island (King George Island), South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Our observations showed both chicks received similar amounts of food, but there were differences in their growth rates that could be explained by their gender. After the third week of adoption, aggressive behaviors were common between chicks, usually expressed through regurgitation. This resulted in a low rate of growth in both chicks. Neither chick fledged, and both were found dead near the colony seven weeks after adoption. The constant fights between them could be one of the causes of their death, particularly if death resulted from excessive regurgitation. Although exclusion of unrelated chicks at nest sites has not been reported in M. giganteus, chick adoption seems to have no clear benefits and may contribute to brood failure.Fil: Archuby, Diego Ignacio. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Coria, Néstor Rubén. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Harrington, Ana. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Fusaro, Bruno. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Montalti, Diego. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Favero, Marco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentin

Exploring Open Access Practices, Attitudes, and Policies in Academic Libraries

This article reports the results of a 2019 survey of academic librarians that investigated their attitudes, practices, and policies regarding open access (OA). This study asks if academic librarians write policies to ensure that they approach OA intentionally and systematically across all library services. The results indicate that, though librarians report favorable beliefs about OA and integrating OA into technical and public services, they seldom create OA policies

Evidence-Based Treatment Options in Recurrent and/or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.

The major development of the past decade in the first-line treatment of recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M SCCHN) was the introduction of cetuximab in combination with platinum plus 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy (CT), followed by maintenance cetuximab (the EXTREME regimen). This regimen is supported by a phase 3 randomized trial and subsequent observational studies, and it confers well-documented survival benefits, with median survival ranging between approximately 10 and 14 months, overall response rates between 36 and 44%, and disease control rates of over 80%. Furthermore, as indicated by patient-reported outcome measures, the addition of cetuximab to platinum-based CT leads to a significant reduction in pain and problems with social eating and speech. Conversely, until very recently, there has been a lack of evidence-based second-line treatment options, and the therapies that have been available have shown low response rates and poor survival outcomes. Presently, a promising new treatment option in R/M SCCHN has emerged: immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which have demonstrated favorable results in second-line clinical trials. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab are the first two ICIs that were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. We note that the trials that showed benefit with ICIs included not only patients who previously received ≥1 platinum-based regimens for R/M SCCHN but also patients who experienced recurrence within 6 months after combined modality therapy with a platinum agent for locally advanced disease. In this review, we outline the available clinical and observational evidence for the EXTREME regimen and the initial results from clinical trials for ICIs in patients with R/M SCCHN. We propose that these treatment options can be integrated into a new continuum of care paradigm, with first-line EXTREME regimen followed by second-line ICIs. A number of ongoing clinical trials are comparing regimens with ICIs, alone and in combination with other ICIs or CT, with the EXTREME regimen for first-line treatment of R/M SCCHN. As we eagerly await the results of these trials, the EXTREME regimen remains the standard of care for the first-line treatment of R/M SCCHN

La (re)construcción de la identidad en el exilio: el caso de dominicanas y cubanas en Estados Unidos

La literatura producida por las US Latina Writers, como los casos que se analizarán a continuación, de cubanas y dominicanas, constituyen un esfuerzo de representación de las situaciones provocadas por identidades fragmentadas que se recrean entre dos culturas en sociedades fragmentadas. Analizaremos el proceso de re-creación de identidades en el exilio en la novela De cómo las chicas García perdieron el acento (1992), de la escritora dominicano-americana Julia Álvarez, y en Soñar en cubano (1992), de la escritora cubano-americana Cristina García. Ambas novelas están estructuradas sobre la memoria de los integrantes de la familia, la americanización de los personajes femeninos y las pérdidas del lenguaje y cultura de su país natal. De este modo, el foco de nuestro análisis estará, principalmente, en el lenguaje, junto con el efecto de las dinámicas sociales, tales como género, etnia y clase. El resultado es la recreación de identidades híbridas con múltiples peculiaridades lingüísticas, sociales y culturales

Comparative analysis of the skull morphometrics of antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) from South Orkney and South Shetland Islands

Se estudió la morfometría craneana de dos agrupamientos poblacionales de lobo fino antártico, Arctocephalus gazella, pertenecientes a diferentes localidades del Arco de Scotia, con el objetivo de detectar variación geográfica. Esto podría aportar evidencias sobre migración y flujo génico entre las mismas. Además, de corroborarse la variación geográfica, podría constituir una herramienta útil para identificar la procedencia de individuos errantes de origen incierto. Se midieron 22 variables craneométricas para cada ejemplar, de un total de 78, provenientes de Islas Orcadas del Sur (n=43) e Islas Shetland del Sur (n=35). El análisis comparativo univariado y multivariado incluyó estadística standard, análisis de la varianza, análisis de componentes principales y análisis discriminante. No se halló una diferencia clara ni significativa entre los grupos analizados lo que indicaría que se mantiene el flujo génico entre ambos. Por lo tanto, la morfometría craneana por sí sola no puede utilizarse como una herramienta útil para determinar el origen de individuos errantes de esta especie.Skull morphometrics of two populations of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) located at different islands of the Scotia Arc were compared in order to detect possible geographical variation. This could provide evidence on migration and gene flow between them. In addition, if variation was shown to occur, this could be useful in identifying the source of vagrant seals of this species of unknown origin. Twenty two metric variables were measured from adult male skulls from South Orkney Islands (n=43) and South Shetland Islands (n=35). Comparative univariate and multivariate statistical analyses included standard statistics, one-way analysis of variance, principal component analysis and discriminant analysis. No significant separation between the two island groups, based on cranial characteristics, was found. This would indicate that gene flow is still occurring between them. Therefore, skull morphometrics cannot be used to determine the origin of vagrant fur sealsFil: Daneri, Gustavo Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; ArgentinaFil: Varela, Esperanza Amalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; ArgentinaFil: Di Martino, Cecilia Carina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; ArgentinaFil: Pla, Laura. Universidad Nacional Experimental Francisco de Miranda; VenezuelaFil: de Santis, José María. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Negrete, Javier. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Harrington, Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Argentin

Analyses of Parental Interaction Behaviors and Young Children\u27s Language Skills

The Preschool Language Scale-5 (PLS) and samples of spontaneous speech from 20-30-minute play interactions between toddlers and parents, were used to examine children’s emerging language abilities. The speech samples were used to compute children’s rate of words, utterances and different words per minute, and mean length of utterances for a full transcript or simply the three longest utterances. Parents’ comments and directives were noted in five-minutes of toy play with their children. The proportion of parental comments to directives was found to be significantly related to all spontaneous speech measures, but not PLS scores. Spanish-speaking parents were found to have statistically more directives than English-speaking parents. There were no significant differences noted between Spanish- and English-speaking parents’ use of comments, or the proportion of comments to directives

Updated revision of the marine mammals collection housed at the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (Buenos Aires, Argentina)

Se realizó una revisión de los ejemplares de la Colección de Mamíferos Marinos del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". La misma indicó que del total de ejemplares catalogados (n=378), el 56.9% corresponde a Cetacea mientras que el 43.1% restante corresponde a Pinnipedia. Dentro de Cetacea la familia más representada es Delphinidae y el género con más ejemplares, Pontoporia (Pontoporidae); se reportan además, en forma complementaria, tres ejemplares tipo que no fueron listados en un trabajo previo. Dentro de los Pinnipedia, la familia mejor representada es Otariidae y el género con mayor número de ejemplares, Otaria.A thorough revision of the specimens housed at the Marine Mammals collection of the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" indicated that 56.9% (n=378), of the total number of specimens catalogued, belongs to Cetacea and the remainder (43.1%) to Pinnipedia. Among Cetacea, Delphinidae is the best represented family, whereas Pontoporia (Pontoporidae) is the genus which comprises the major number of specimens. Furthermore, we report three type specimens which were not cited in a previous work. As regards to Pinnipedia, the best represented family corresponds to Otariidae, being Otaria the genus with the highest number of specimens.Fil: Varela, Esperanza Amalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Daneri, Gustavo Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Viola, M. Natalia Paso . Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Negri, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Di Martino, Cecilia C.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Harrington, Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Montiel, Ricardo Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Zambrana, Mercedes M.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Bustos, Raimundo Lucas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Vaccaro, Olga Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; Argentin

Low-Q whispering gallery modes in anisotropic metamterials shells

Anisotropic and inhomogeneous metamaterial shells are studied in order to exploit all their resonant mode richness. These multilayer structures are based on a cylindrical distribution of radially dependent constitutive parameters including an inner void cavity. Shell, cavity, and whispering gallery modes are characterized, and special attention is paid to the latter ones. The whispering gallery modes are created at the boundary layers of the shell with the background. Energy localization is produced with highly radiative characteristics when the localization takes place at the external layer. These low-Q resonant states have frequencies that are independent of the shell thickness. However, their quality factors can be controlled by the number of layers forming the shell, which allows confining electromagnetic waves at the interface layers (internal or external), and make them suitable for the harvesting of electromagnetic energy.The authors acknowledge the financial support of Spanish Ministry MINECO (Grants No. TEC 2010-19751 and No. Consolider CSD2008-00066), and the US Office of Naval Research (USA). J. Sanchez-Dehesa acknowledges useful discussions with Federico Sabina and Matthew Guild.Diaz Rubio, A.; Carbonell Olivares, J.; Torrent Martí, D.; Sánchez-Dehesa Moreno-Cid, J. (2013). Low-Q whispering gallery modes in anisotropic metamterials shells. Physical Review B. 88(11):115118-115128. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.88.115118S1151181151288811Williams, C. R., Andrews, S. R., Maier, S. A., Fernández-Domínguez, A. I., Martín-Moreno, L., & García-Vidal, F. J. (2008). Highly confined guiding of terahertz surface plasmon polaritons on structured metal surfaces. Nature Photonics, 2(3), 175-179. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2007.301Watts, C. M., Liu, X., & Padilla, W. J. (2012). Metamaterial Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers. Advanced Materials, 24(23), OP98-OP120. doi:10.1002/adma.201200674Spinelli, P., Verschuuren, M. A., & Polman, A. (2012). Broadband omnidirectional antireflection coating based on subwavelength surface Mie resonators. Nature Communications, 3(1). doi:10.1038/ncomms1691Munk, B. A. (2000). Frequency Selective Surfaces. doi:10.1002/0471723770Carbonell, J., Lheurette, E., & Lippens, D. (2011). FROM REJECTION TO TRANSMISSION WITH STACKED ARRAYS OF SPLIT RING RESONATORS. Progress In Electromagnetics Research, 112, 215-224. doi:10.2528/pier10121402Wang, S., Garet, F., Blary, K., Croënne, C., Lheurette, E., Coutaz, J.-L., & Lippens, D. (2010). Composite left/right-handed stacked hole arrays at submillimeter wavelengths. Journal of Applied Physics, 107(7), 074510. doi:10.1063/1.3374703Aznabet, M., Navarro-Cia, M., Kuznetsov, S. A., Gelfand, A. V., Fedorinina, N. I., Goncharov, Y. G., … Sorolla, M. (2008). Polypropylene-substrate-based SRR- and CSRR- metasurfaces for submillimeter waves. Optics Express, 16(22), 18312. doi:10.1364/oe.16.018312Barnes, W. L., Dereux, A., & Ebbesen, T. W. (2003). Surface plasmon subwavelength optics. Nature, 424(6950), 824-830. doi:10.1038/nature01937Pendry, J. B. (2004). Mimicking Surface Plasmons with Structured Surfaces. Science, 305(5685), 847-848. doi:10.1126/science.1098999Torrent, D., & Sánchez-Dehesa, J. (2009). Radial Wave Crystals: Radially Periodic Structures from Anisotropic Metamaterials for Engineering Acoustic or Electromagnetic Waves. Physical Review Letters, 103(6). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.064301Carbonell, J., Díaz-Rubio, A., Torrent, D., Cervera, F., Kirleis, M. A., Piqué, A., & Sánchez-Dehesa, J. (2012). Radial Photonic Crystal for detection of frequency and position of radiation sources. Scientific Reports, 2(1). doi:10.1038/srep00558Horiuchi, N., Segawa, Y., Nozokido, T., Mizuno, K., & Miyazaki, H. (2005). High-transmission waveguide with a small radius of curvature at a bend fabricated by use of a circular photonic crystal. Optics Letters, 30(9), 973. doi:10.1364/ol.30.000973Lee, P.-T., Lu, T.-W., Fan, J.-H., & Tsai, F.-M. (2007). High quality factor microcavity lasers realized by circular photonic crystal with isotropic photonic band gap effect. Applied Physics Letters, 90(15), 151125. doi:10.1063/1.2724899Carbonell, J., Torrent, D., & Sanchez-Dehesa, J. (2013). Radial Photonic Crystal Shells and Their Application as Resonant and Radiating Elements. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 61(2), 755-767. doi:10.1109/tap.2012.2225015Harrington, R. F. (2001). Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields. doi:10.1109/9780470546710Vinogradov, A. P., Dorofeenko, A. V., Erokhin, S. G., Inoue, M., Lisyansky, A. A., Merzlikin, A. M., & Granovsky, A. B. (2006). Surface state peculiarities in one-dimensional photonic crystal interfaces. Physical Review B, 74(4). doi:10.1103/physrevb.74.045128Goto, T., Baryshev, A. V., Inoue, M., Dorofeenko, A. V., Merzlikin, A. M., Vinogradov, A. P., … Granovsky, A. B. (2009). Tailoring surfaces of one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals: Optical Tamm state and Faraday rotation. Physical Review B, 79(12). doi:10.1103/physrevb.79.125103Carbonell, J., Torrent, D., Díaz-Rubio, A., & Sánchez-Dehesa, J. (2011). Multidisciplinary approach to cylindrical anisotropic metamaterials. New Journal of Physics, 13(10), 103034. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/13/10/103034Torrent, D., & Sánchez-Dehesa, J. (2010). Acoustic resonances in two-dimensional radial sonic crystal shells. New Journal of Physics, 12(7), 073034. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/12/7/073034Yao, Y., Yao, J., Narasimhan, V. K., Ruan, Z., Xie, C., Fan, S., & Cui, Y. (2012). Broadband light management using low-Q whispering gallery modes in spherical nanoshells. 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Identifying adolescents at risk for depression: a prediction score performance in cohorts based in three different continents:A Prediction Score Performance in Cohorts Based in 3 Different Continents

OBJECTIVE: Prediction models have become frequent in the medical literature, but most published studies are conducted in a single setting. Heterogeneity between development and validation samples has been posited as a major obstacle for the generalization of models. We aimed to develop a multivariable prognostic model using sociodemographic variables easily obtainable from adolescents at age 15 to predict a depressive disorder diagnosis at age 18 and to evaluate its generalizability in 2 samples from diverse socioeconomic and cultural settings. METHOD: Data from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort were used to develop the prediction model, and its generalizability was evaluated in 2 representative cohort studies: the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study and the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study. RESULTS: At age 15, 2,192 adolescents with no evidence of current or previous depression were included (44.6% male). The apparent C-statistic of the models derived in Pelotas ranged from 0.76 to 0.79, and the model obtained from a penalized logistic regression was selected for subsequent external evaluation. Major discrepancies between the samples were identified, impacting the external prognostic performance of the model (Dunedin and E-Risk C-statistics of 0.63 and 0.59, respectively). The implementation of recommended strategies to account for this heterogeneity among samples improved the model’s calibration in both samples. CONCLUSION: An adolescent depression risk score comprising easily obtainable predictors was developed with good prognostic performance in a Brazilian sample. Heterogeneity among settings was not trivial, but strategies to deal with sample diversity were identified as pivotal for providing better risk stratification across samples. Future efforts should focus on developing better methodological approaches for incorporating heterogeneity in prognostic research

AeDES: a next-generation monitoring and forecasting system for environmental suitability of Aedes-borne disease transmission

Aedes-borne diseases, such as dengue and chikungunya, are responsible for more than 50 million infections worldwide every year, with an overall increase of 30-fold in the last 50 years, mainly due to city population growth, more frequent travels and ecological changes. In the United States of America, the vast majority of Aedes -borne infections are imported from endemic regions by travelers, who can become new sources of mosquito infection upon their return home if the exposed population is susceptible to the disease, and if suitable environmental conditions for the mosquitoes and the virus are present. Since the susceptibility of the human population can be determined via periodic monitoring campaigns, the environmental suitability for the presence of mosquitoes and viruses becomes one of the most important pieces of information for decision makers in the health sector. We present a next-generation monitoring and forecasting system for $$\underline{\textit{Ae}}{} \textit{des}$$ Ae ̲ des -borne d iseases’ e nvironmental s uitability ( Ae DES) of transmission in the conterminous United States and transboundary regions, using calibrated ento-epidemiological models, climate models and temperature observations. After analyzing the seasonal predictive skill of Ae DES, we briefly consider the recent Zika epidemic, and the compound effects of the current Central American dengue outbreak happening during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, to illustrate how a combination of tailored deterministic and probabilistic forecasts can inform key prevention and control strategies