Ayurvedic perspective of Circadian Rhythm

Background: Biological rhythms are the natural cyclical changes in our body, in which researches mainly focuses on circadian rhythms. Body processes vary according to adaptation of solar and lunar related rhythm. Ayurveda explains this on the basis of cyclic rhythm of Tridoshas. The Doshas Kapha, Pitta and Vata maintain the integrity of our body, like Soma, Surya & Anila maintaining the integrity of the terrestrial world. Aims and Objectives: This review paper aims to understand the concept of circadian rhythm in Ayurvedic view and its application in the prevention and management of disorders. Materials and Methods: Literature search were carried out in Classical texts of Ayurveda and Modern system and relevant databases. Total 8969 articles were found, among them 89 relevant articles were taken, of which abstracts and full paper of the most relevant and freely downloadable articles were reviewed. Results and discussion: This review clarified that, diet and lifestyle regimens mentioned in Ayurveda aims to maintain the diurnal and seasonal variations of doshas. Deviation in this rhythm lead to many disorders. Conclusion: We can maximize our health, mental alertness and immunity by proper alignment of circadian rhythm by following methods like Dinacharya, Ritucharya, proper Ahara and Nidra, Ritusodhanas etc

CHATHUSKA METHODOLOGY: NECTAR OF CHARAKA SAMHITA SUTRASTHANA

Objective: To assess the fundamental concept of Ayurveda explained in Charaka Samhita by the learning methods of Chathushka. Review Methods: Literary review methods were followed throughout the study. Mainly focussed on Charaka Samhita and its Commentaries, Articles related to Chatushka Methodology. Result and Conclusion: Ayurveda is the Upaveda of Atharva Veda and consists of Brihatrayees and Laghutrayess. They have their own textual version that follows a particular style of writing as suited to the subject. The term “Samhita'' denotes complete collection of specific valuable knowledge unavoidable for the improvement of various aspects of life. Since the Vedic literature, the word Samhita is in use. Similarly the main aim of Ayurveda is to protect all aspects of life, so got the name Samhita. Among the Samhitas, Charaka Samhita is divided into eight Sthana and embodiments of knowledge to promote positive health. In Charaka Samhita, Acharya ratified various techniques like Thantrayukti, Vadamarga etc., by adopting a unique methodology known as Chathushka Methodology. Sutra Sthana consists of thirty chapters partitioned into seven quadrants. Each quadrant deals with specific subjects. This paper highlights the influence of Chathushka methodology in identifying the pedagogy of Charaka Samhita to understand the fundamentals of Ayurveda. Data Source: This is a review article and main source of the article is Charaka Samhitha and its commentaries which were available. The main source of Charaka Samhita is the online e - Samhitha of National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHARAKA’S TANTRAYUKTI AND VADAMARGA AND ITS APPLICATION FOR LOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF CONCEPTS IN SAMHITA – A REVIEW

Ayurveda is an age old system of medicine that was penned by Acharyas who were considered to be epitomes of knowledge. The language of the text is Sanskrit and the meanings are obtained by reading the commentary that is given below. The classical texts also propose certain tools that can be used to code and decode the concepts mentioned in the text. Tantrayukti and Vadamarga are two such tools explained in classical a text that has to be used by an intelligent/mediocre student or physician to understand the concepts and apply it in the most appropriate way. Tantrayukti is a tool proposed for interpretation where as Vadamarga deals with the protocols to be followed in debates. The subject knowledge becomes complete only when the proper application of Tantrayukti and Vadamarga is also known. Though Tantrayukti is mentioned in Ashtanga Sangraha and Hridaya, Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, only Charaka exclusively explains about Vadamarga. So in this article an attempt is made to compare the similarities and dissimilarities of Vadamarga and Tantrayukti

Concept of Oushadha Samyoga in Ayurveda

Ayurvedic medicines have an exceptional way of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. The pharmacological actions of Ayurvedic drugs were explained through Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka, Prabhava etc. Ayurveda is well known for both single and polyherbal formulation, among them poly herbal formulations have prime role because of its multiple pharmacological actions. Various basic concepts of Ayurveda such as Samyoga, Samskara, Rasapanchaka, Anupana etc were playing behind the formation of polyherbal formulation. The concept of Samyoga, is the essential norm behind the formation of Polyherbal preparations. Thus, literary review mainly intended to know the role of Samyoga in the preparation of various Ayurvedic poly herbal preparations and to highlight their importance of Oushadha Samyoga (multidrug/ polyherbal formulation) in the present era

Chronotherapeutics in Ayurveda

In order to maximize health benefits and minimize adverse effects of a treatment, chronotherapeutics is administered to patients according to his/her daily, monthly, seasonal or yearly biological clock. According to Ayurveda observation of the specific features of disease corresponding to season, day and night, age and meal is known as Kaala Aveksha. The Dasha Bheshaja Kaala (ten different time period for the administration of medicine) is one among the Shadaveksha Kaala (Six observatory aspects of time). It is defined according to the biological clock. The medicines at proper Bheshaja Kaala help to attain the equilibrium of Doshas and Dhatus. Here chronotherapeutics can be correlated with Bheshaja Kaala. As it gives importance to the time of administration which can be responsible for variations of drug kinetics. Objective: To conduct an in-depth analysis of the literature in order to identify and evaluate the evidence base for chronotherapy. Data source: A literature search was conducted in classics of Ayurveda and electronic databases. Result: Review shows that the drug administered according to the Bheshaja kaala has more beneficial outcomes than the other methods. Conclusion: The review presents the scope of chronotherapy in drug administration

Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Tranexamic acid reduces surgical bleeding and reduces death due to bleeding in patients with trauma. Meta-analyses of small trials show that tranexamic acid might decrease deaths from gastrointestinal bleeding. We aimed to assess the effects of tranexamic acid in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: We did an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 164 hospitals in 15 countries. Patients were enrolled if the responsible clinician was uncertain whether to use tranexamic acid, were aged above the minimum age considered an adult in their country (either aged 16 years and older or aged 18 years and older), and had significant (defined as at risk of bleeding to death) upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients were randomly assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Patients received either a loading dose of 1 g tranexamic acid, which was added to 100 mL infusion bag of 0·9% sodium chloride and infused by slow intravenous injection over 10 min, followed by a maintenance dose of 3 g tranexamic acid added to 1 L of any isotonic intravenous solution and infused at 125 mg/h for 24 h, or placebo (sodium chloride 0·9%). Patients, caregivers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. The primary outcome was death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation; analysis excluded patients who received neither dose of the allocated treatment and those for whom outcome data on death were unavailable. This trial was registered with Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN11225767, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01658124. Findings: Between July 4, 2013, and June 21, 2019, we randomly allocated 12 009 patients to receive tranexamic acid (5994, 49·9%) or matching placebo (6015, 50·1%), of whom 11 952 (99·5%) received the first dose of the allocated treatment. Death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation occurred in 222 (4%) of 5956 patients in the tranexamic acid group and in 226 (4%) of 5981 patients in the placebo group (risk ratio [RR] 0·99, 95% CI 0·82–1·18). Arterial thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction or stroke) were similar in the tranexamic acid group and placebo group (42 [0·7%] of 5952 vs 46 [0·8%] of 5977; 0·92; 0·60 to 1·39). Venous thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) were higher in tranexamic acid group than in the placebo group (48 [0·8%] of 5952 vs 26 [0·4%] of 5977; RR 1·85; 95% CI 1·15 to 2·98). Interpretation: We found that tranexamic acid did not reduce death from gastrointestinal bleeding. On the basis of our results, tranexamic acid should not be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding outside the context of a randomised trial

Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Potential of Ficus Benghalensis L.

Genus Ficus belongs to family Moraceae having 40 genera and over 1000 species worldwide. Different methods have been used for phytochemical screening of medicinal plants like total phenolics content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC) assays to quantify phenolics and flavonoids. The phytochemical analysis exhibited highest total phenolics content in M extract of stem and total flavonoids content in ethyl acetate (EA) extract of leaves i.e. 61.2±1.3 µg GAE/mg extract and 25.1±0.9 µg QE/mg extract respectively. Total reduction power and total antioxidant capacity were maximum in the M extract of stem i.e. 243.89±1.6 µg AAE/mg extract and 127.08±2.7 µg AAE/mg extract respectively

Traditional Indian way of eating – an overview

Eating (also known as consuming) is the ingestion of food, typically to provide a heterotrophic organism with energy and to allow for growth. Hands are most vital for cooking sustenance and for eating. Many individuals find eating with hands unhygienic, primitive, and nauseating; however, eating food with hands is associated with not just the body but also the psyche and soul. There is rationality behind the Indian routine of eating with fingers. Different types of vessels are used as needed to set up the sustenance . In Indian families, distinctive leaves such as banana leaf and jerk teak leaf are used for serving food. While eating in abundance, one must use hands to feel the food. Eating with a spoon or fork is often the current practice and is considered clean and advantageous; however, the vast majority of people do not understand that there is reasoning behind eating sustenance with hands. Eating by sitting on the floor has multitudinous advantages and is yet to be popularized in different regions across Asia. Keywords: Hands, Leaves, Meal on the floor, Vessels, Way of eatin