243 research outputs found
Exposure to movie smoking, antismoking ads and smoking intensity: an experimental study with a factorial design
Effect of the tensor force on the charge-exchange spin-dipole excitations of 208Pb
The charge-exchange spin-dipole (SD) excitations of 208Pb are studied by
using a fully self-consistent Skyrme Hartree-Fock plus Random Phase
Approximation (HF+RPA) formalism which includes the tensor interaction. It is
found, for the first time, that the tensor correlations have a unique,
multipole-dependent effect on the SD excitations, that is, they produce
softening of 1- states, but hardening of 0- and 2- states. This paves the way
to a clear assessment of the strength of the tensor terms. We compare our
results with a recent measurement, showing that our choice of tensor terms
improves the agreement with experiment. The robustness of our results is
supported by the analytic form of the tensor matrix elements.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, 2 table
Proton decay from the isoscalar giant dipole resonance in Ni
Proton decay from the 3 isoscalar giant dipole resonance (ISGDR)
in Ni has been measured using the () reaction at a
bombarding energy of 386 MeV to investigate its decay properties. We have
extracted the ISGDR strength under the coincidence condition between
inelastically scattered particles at forward angles and decay protons
emitted at backward angles. Branching ratios for proton decay to low-lying
states of Co have been determined, and the results compared to
predictions of recent continuum-RPA calculations. The final-state spectra of
protons decaying to the low-lying states in Co were analyzed for a more
detailed understanding of the structure of the ISGDR. It is found that there
are differences in the structure of the ISGDR as a function of excitation
energy.Comment: Minor changes after review. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C.
19 pages; 7 figure
Predicting transitions in low and high levels of risk behavior from early to middle adolescence: the TRAILS study
Classroom Popularity Hierarchy Predicts Prosocial and Aggressive Popularity Norms Across the School Year
This research is part of the Social Network Analyses of Risk behavior in Early adolescence (SNARE) study. Participating centers of SNARE include the Department of Sociology of the University of Groningen and the Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies of the Utrecht University. SNARE has been financially supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) Vernieuwingsimpuls VENI grant project number 451â10â012, awarded to author Jan Kornelis Dijkstra (2010), and NWO Youth & Family Program project number 431â09â027, awarded to Wilma Vollebergh, Jan Kornelis Dijkstra, RenĂ© Veenstra, & Zeena Harakeh (2010) and NWOâProgramming Council for Educational Research project number 411â12â027, awarded to RenĂ© Veenstra, Wilma Vollebergh, Marijtje Van Duijn, Zeena Harakeh, Jan Kornelis Dijkstra, & Christian Steglich (2013). We thank the schools, teachers, and adolescents who participated in the SNARE project, and we are thankful that Aart Franken, Kim Pattiselanno, Loes van Rijsewijk, and Lydia LaningaâWijnen collected the SNARE data. We thank Assistant Professor and statistician Caspar van Lissa for his useful advices on our analyses.</p
Smoking onset and the time-varying effects of self-efficacy, environmental smoking, and smoking-specific parenting by using discrete-time survival analysis
This study examined the timing of smoking onset during mid- or late adolescence and the time-varying effects of refusal self-efficacy, parental and sibling smoking behavior, smoking behavior of friends and best friend, and parental smoking-specific communication. We used data from five annual waves of the âFamily and Healthâ project. In total, 428 adolescents and their parents participated at baseline. Only never smokers were included at baseline (n = 272). A life table and KaplanâMeier survival curve showed that 51% of all adolescents who did not smoke at baseline did not start smoking within 4 years. The risk for smoking onset during mid- or late adolescence is rather stable (hazard ratio between 16 and 19). Discrete-time survival analyses revealed that low refusal self-efficacy, high frequency of communication, and sibling smoking were associated with smoking onset one year later. No interaction effects were found. Conclusively, the findings revealed that refusal self-efficacy is an important predictor of smoking onset during mid- or late adolescence and is independent of smoking-specific communication and smoking behavior of parents, siblings, and (best) friend(s). Findings emphasize the importance of family prevention programs focusing on self-efficacy skills
Fine structure of the isoscalar giant quadrupole resonance in 40Ca due to Landau damping?
The fragmentation of the Isoscalar Giant Quadrupole Resonance (ISGQR) in 40Ca
has been investigated in high energy-resolution experiments using proton
inelastic scattering at E_p = 200 MeV. Fine structure is observed in the region
of the ISGQR and its characteristic energy scales are extracted from the
experimental data by means of a wavelet analysis. The experimental scales are
well described by Random Phase Approximation (RPA) and second-RPA calculations
with an effective interaction derived from a realistic nucleon-nucleon
interaction by the Unitary Correlation Operator Method (UCOM). In these results
characteristic scales are already present at the mean-field level pointing to
their origination in Landau damping, in contrast to the findings in heavier
nuclei and also to SRPA calculations for 40Ca based on phenomenological
effective interactions, where fine structure is explained by the coupling to
two-particle two-hole (2p-2h) states.Comment: Phys. Lett. B, in pres
Efficacy of smoking prevention program 'Smoke-free Kids': study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Contains fulltext :
77005.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Background - A strong increase in smoking is noted especially among adolescents. In the Netherlands, about 5% of all 10-year olds, 25% of all 13-year olds and 62% of all 17-year olds report ever smoking. In the U.S., an intervention program called 'Smoke-free Kids' was developed to prevent children from smoking. The present study aims to assess the effects of this home-based smoking prevention program in the Netherlands.
Methods - A randomized controlled trial is conducted among 9 to 11-year old children of primary schools. Participants are randomly assigned to the intervention and control conditions. The intervention program consists of five printed activity modules designed to improve parenting skills specific to smoking prevention and parent-child communication regarding smoking. These modules will include additional sheets with communication tips. The modules for the control condition will include solely information on smoking and tobacco use. Initiation of cigarette smoking (first instance of puffing on a lighted cigarette), susceptibility to cigarette smoking, smoking-related cognitions, and anti-smoking socialization will be the outcome measures. To collect the data, telephone interviews with mothers as well as with their child will be conducted at baseline. Only the children will be examined at post-intervention follow-ups (6, 12, 24, and 36 months after the baseline).
Discussion - This study protocol describes the design of a randomized controlled trial that will evaluate the effectiveness of a home-based smoking prevention program. We expect that a significantly lower number of children will start smoking in the intervention condition compared to control condition as a direct result of this intervention. If the program is effective, it is applicable in daily live, which will facilitate implementation of the prevention protocol. Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register NTR146510 p
Socioeconomic Differences in Parenting Strategies to Prevent Adolescent Smoking: A Case Study from the Netherlands
Distal and proximal family predictors of adolescents' smoking initiation and development: A longitudinal latent curve model analysis
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Studies on adolescent smoking indicate that the smoking behaviours of their parents, siblings and friends are significant micro-level predictors. Parents' socioeconomic status (SES) is an important macro-level predictor. We examined the longitudinal relationships between these predictors and the initiation and development of adolescents' smoking behaviour in Norway.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We employed data from <it>The Norwegian Longitudinal Health Behaviour Study (NLHB)</it>, in which participants were followed from the age of 13 to 30. We analysed data from the first 5 waves, covering the age span from 13 to 18, with latent curve modeling (LCM).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Smoking rates increased from 3% to 31% from age 13 to age 18. Participants' smoking was strongly associated with their best friends' smoking. Parental SES, parents' smoking and older siblings' smoking predicted adolescents' initial level of smoking. Furthermore, the same variables predicted the development of smoking behaviour from age 13 to 18. Parents' and siblings' smoking behaviours acted as mediators of parents' SES on the smoking habits of adolescents.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Parents' SES was significantly associated, directly and indirectly, with both smoking initiation and development. Parental and older siblings' smoking behaviours were positively associated with both initiation and development of smoking behaviour in adolescents. There were no significant gender differences in these associations.</p
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