Doing Time: Die zeitliche Ästhetik von Essen, Trinken und Lebensstilen

Diese Studie stellt den Versuch dar, Praktiken des Essens und Trinkens auf originelle Weise in der zeitlichen Dimension zu erfassen. Durch die Verknüpfung von Elementen einer Sozialtheorie der Zeit mit Ansätzen aus der Lebensstilforschung werden Mahlzeiten als Episoden der alltäglichen Lebensführung begreifbar. Die Kopplung von Mahl-Zeiten und Zeit-Stilen wird anschaulich und aktuell am Beispiel von »Zeitpionieren« und »flexiblen Menschen« nachgezogen. Empirische Befunde treffen dabei auf anspruchsvolle theoretische Grundlegungen

Doing Time

Diese Studie stellt den Versuch dar, Praktiken des Essens und Trinkens auf originelle Weise in der zeitlichen Dimension zu erfassen. Durch die Verknüpfung von Elementen einer Sozialtheorie der Zeit mit Ansätzen aus der Lebensstilforschung werden Mahlzeiten als Episoden der alltäglichen Lebensführung begreifbar. Die Kopplung von Mahl-Zeiten und Zeit-Stilen wird anschaulich und aktuell am Beispiel von »Zeitpionieren« und »flexiblen Menschen« nachgezogen. Empirische Befunde treffen dabei auf anspruchsvolle theoretische Grundlegungen

Preferences for treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a discrete choice experiment

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>While there is an increasing emphasis on patient empowerment and shared decision-making, subjective values for attributes associated with their treatment still need to be measured and considered. This contribution seeks to define properties of an ideal drug treatment of individuals concerned with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Because of the lack of information on patient needs in the decision-makers assessment of health services, the individuals' preferences often play a subordinate role at present. Discrete Choice Experiments offer strategies for eliciting subjective values and making them accessible for physicians and other health care professionals.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The evidence comes from a Discrete Choice Experiments (DCE) performed in 2007. After reviewing the literature about preferences of ADHS we conducted a qualitative study with four focus groups consisting of five to eleven ADHS-patients each. In order to achieve content validity, we aimed at collecting all relevant factors for an ideal ADHS treatment. In a subsequent quantitative study phase (n = 219), data was collected in an online or paper-pencil self-completed questionnaire. It included sociodemographic data, health status and patients' preferences of therapy characteristics using direct measurement (23 items on a five-point Likert-scale) as well as a Discrete-Choice-Experiment (DCE, six factors in a fold-over design).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Those concerned were capable of clearly defining success criteria and expectations. In the direct assessment and the DCE, respondents attached special significance to the improvement of their social situation and emotional state (relative importance 40%). Another essential factor was the desire for drugs with a long-lasting effect over the day (relative importance 18%). Other criteria, such as flexibility and discretion, were less important to the respondents (6% and 9%, respectively).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Results point out that ADHD patients and their family members have clear ideas of their needs. This is especially important against the backdrop of present discussions in the healthcare sector on the relevance of patient reported outcomes (PROs) and shared decision-making. The combination of the methods used in this study offer promising strategies to elicit subjective values and making them accessible for health care professionals in a manner that drives health choices.</p

Doing Time

Diese Studie stellt den Versuch dar, Praktiken des Essens und Trinkens auf originelle Weise in der zeitlichen Dimension zu erfassen. Durch die Verknüpfung von Elementen einer Sozialtheorie der Zeit mit Ansätzen aus der Lebensstilforschung werden Mahlzeiten als Episoden der alltäglichen Lebensführung begreifbar. Die Kopplung von Mahl-Zeiten und Zeit-Stilen wird anschaulich und aktuell am Beispiel von »Zeitpionieren« und »flexiblen Menschen« nachgezogen. Empirische Befunde treffen dabei auf anspruchsvolle theoretische Grundlegungen

The Third Version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire

IntroductionA new third version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III) has been developed in response to trends in working life, theoretical concepts, and international experience. A key component of the COPSOQ III is a defined set of mandatory core items to be included in national short, middle, and long versions of the questionnaire. The aim of the present article is to present and test the reliability of the new international middle version of the COPSOQ III.MethodsThe questionnaire was tested among 23,361 employees during 2016–2017 in Canada, Spain, France, Germany, Sweden, and Turkey. A total of 26 dimensions (measured through scales or single items) of the middle version and two from the long version were tested. Psychometric properties of the dimensions were assessed regarding reliability (Cronbach α), ceiling and floor effects (fractions with extreme answers), and distinctiveness (correlations with other dimensions).ResultsMost international middle dimensions had satisfactory reliability in most countries, though some ceiling and floor effects were present. Dimensions with missing values were rare. Most dimensions had low to medium intercorrelations.ConclusionsThe COPSOQ III offers reliable and distinct measures of a wide range of psychosocial dimensions of modern working life in different countries; although a few measures could be improved. Future testing should focus on validation of the COPSOQ items and dimensions using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Such investigations would enhance the basis for recommendations using the COPSOQ III

A lua e o caminhante

IntroductionA new third version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III) has been developed in response to trends in working life, theoretical concepts, and international experience. A key component of the COPSOQ III is a defined set of mandatory core items to be included in national short, middle, and long versions of the questionnaire. The aim of the present article is to present and test the reliability of the new international middle version of the COPSOQ III.MethodsThe questionnaire was tested among 23,361 employees during 2016–2017 in Canada, Spain, France, Germany, Sweden, and Turkey. A total of 26 dimensions (measured through scales or single items) of the middle version and two from the long version were tested. Psychometric properties of the dimensions were assessed regarding reliability (Cronbach α), ceiling and floor effects (fractions with extreme answers), and distinctiveness (correlations with other dimensions).ResultsMost international middle dimensions had satisfactory reliability in most countries, though some ceiling and floor effects were present. Dimensions with missing values were rare. Most dimensions had low to medium intercorrelations.ConclusionsThe COPSOQ III offers reliable and distinct measures of a wide range of psychosocial dimensions of modern working life in different countries; although a few measures could be improved. Future testing should focus on validation of the COPSOQ items and dimensions using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Such investigations would enhance the basis for recommendations using the COPSOQ III