Effects of fatigue on technique during 5 km road running

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fatigue on kinematic parameters during a 5 km road race, and to establish how men and women fatigue differently. 17 highly competitive distance runners (9 male, 8 female) were videoed (50 Hz) as they completed the English National 5 km championships. Three-dimensional kinematic data were analysed using motion analysis software (SIMI, Munich). Data were recorded at 950 m, 2,400 m, and 3,850 m. Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant decrease in speed (p < 0.01) which occurred due to both decreased step length and cadence (p < 0.05). Differences in speed, step length and contact time between men and women were found (p < 0.05). Athletes can reduce the risk of fatigue by using appropriate racing tactics

PNA-induced assembly of fluorescent proteins using DNA as a framework

Controlled alignment of proteins on molecular frameworks requires the development of facile and orthogonal chemical approaches and molecular scaffolds. In this work, protein−PNA conjugates are brought forward as new chemical components allowing efficient assembly and alignment on DNA scaffolds. Site-selective monomeric teal fluorescent protein (mTFP)−peptide nucleic acid (PNA) (mTFP-PNA) conjugation was achieved by covalent linkage of the PNA to the protein through expressed protein ligation (EPL). A DNA beacon, with 6-Fam and Dabcyl at its ends, acts as a framework to create an assembled hetero-FRET system with the mTFP-PNA conjugate. Using fluorescence intensity, frequency domain lifetime measurements, and anisotropy measurements, the system was shown to produce FRET as indicated by decreased donor intensity, decreased donor lifetime, and increased donor anisotropy. Extension of the DNA scaffold allowed for the assembly of multiple mTFP-PNA constructs. Efficient formation of protein dimers and oligomers on the DNA-PNA frameworks could be shown, as visualized via size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Assembly of multiple proteins in a row induced homo-FRET for the mTFP-PNA’s assembled on the DNA scaffolds. The oligonucleotide framework allows an induced and controllable assembly of proteins by fusing them to PNAs directed to align on DNA scaffolds

Study directed at development of an implantable biotelemetry ion detector

A literature search was conducted to currently update known information in the field of ion-selective electrodes. The review attempts to identify present trends in cation and anions selective electrodes pertinent to the area of bioimplantable units. An electronic circuit was designed to provide the high impedance interface between the ion-selective sensors and signal-processing equipment. The resulting design emphasized the need for low power and miniaturization. Many of the circuits were constructed and used to evaluate the ion-selective electrodes. A cuvette capable of holding the ion-selective and the reference electrodes was designed and constructed. This equipment was used to evaluate commercially available ion-selective electrodes and the electrodes designed and constructed in the study. The results of the electrode tests are included

EFFECTS OF FATIGUE ON TECHNIQUE DURING 5 KM ROAD RUNNING

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fatigue on kinematic parameters during a 5 km road race, and to establish how men and women fatigue differently. 17 highly competitive distance runners (9 male, 8 female) were videoed (50 Hz) as they completed the English National 5 km championships. Three-dimensional kinematic data were analysed using motion analysis software (SIMI, Munich). Data were recorded at 950 m, 2,400 m, and 3,850 m. Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant decrease in speed (p < 0.01) which occurred due to both decreased step length and cadence (p < 0.05). Differences in speed, step length and contact time between men and women were found (p < 0.05). Athletes can reduce the risk of fatigue by using appropriate racing tactics

Reverse engineering of biochar

This study underpins quantitative relationships that account for the combined effects that starting biomass and peak pyrolysis temperature have on physico-chemical properties of biochar. Meta-data was assembled from published data of diverse biochar samples (n = 102) to (i) obtain networks of intercorrelated properties and (ii) derive models that predict biochar properties. Assembled correlation networks provide a qualitative overview of the combinations of biochar properties likely to occur in a sample. Generalized Linear Models are constructed to account for situations of varying complexity, including: dependence of biochar properties on single or multiple predictor variables, where dependence on multiple variables can have additive and/or interactive effects; non-linear relation between the response and predictors; and non-Gaussian data distributions. The web-tool Biochar Engineering implements the derived models to maximize their utility and distribution. Provided examples illustrate the practical use of the networks, models and web-tool to engineer biochars with prescribed properties desirable for hypothetical scenarios

Traffic related noise and air quality valuations: evidence from stated preference residential choice models

This paper reports on research which has estimated valuations of changes in traffic related noise levels and air quality and which contributes to the body of knowledge and to methodology in this area. There are several novel aspects of this research. Firstly, there have been relatively few stated preference studies of the monetary valuations of traffic related noise and air quality. A feature of this analysis is the examination of variations in values according to the size and sign of the environmental change, the currently experienced level of the attribute and various socio-economic factors. Secondly, the important issue of presentation is addressed, with two different methods used in the valuation of air quality and links made between valuations and physical measures. Thirdly, the results from stated preference and the contingent valuation method are compared. Finally, we bring together evidence from other studies and compare them with the findings obtained here

Double Switch With Hemi-Mustard and Bidirectional Glenn Procedure for “Anatomical” Repair of Corrected Transposition

Numeración errónea en el original